A comprehensive toxicity study of zinc oxide nanoparticles versus their bulk in Wistar rats

The purpose of this study was to characterize the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and their bulk counterpart in suspensions and to access the impact of their acute oral toxicity at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg in healthy female Wistar rats. The hematological, biochemical, and urine parameters were accessed at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment. The histopathological evaluations of tissues were also performed. The distribution of zinc content in liver, kidney, spleen, plasma, and excretory materials (feces and urine) at 24 and 48 h and 14 days posttreatment were accessed after a single exposure at dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. The elevated level of alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine were observed in ZnO-NPs at a dose of 2000 mg/kg at all time points. There was a decrease in iron levels in all the treated groups at 24 h posttreatment as compared to control groups but returned to their normal level at 14 days posttreatment. The hematological parameters red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, and haptoglobin were reduced at 48 h posttreatment at a dose of 2000 mg/kg ZnO-NPs and showed hemolytic condition. All the treated groups were comparable to control group at the end of 14 days posttreatment. The zinc concentration in the kidney, liver, plasma, feces, and urine showed a significant increase in both groups as compared to control. This study explained that ZnO-NPs produced more toxicological effect as compared to their bulk particles as evidenced through alteration in some hemato-biochemical parameters and with few histopathological lesions in liver and kidney tissues.

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Influence of NOM on the Stability of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ecotoxicity Tests

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10186431 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (18) ◽

pp. 6431

Author(s):

Byoung-cheun Lee ◽

Gilsang Hong ◽

Hyejin Lee ◽

Pyeongsoon Kim ◽

Do-Yeon Seo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Test Method ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Ionization Degree ◽

Toxicological Effect ◽

Ecotoxicity Tests ◽

Repulsive Forces

Nanomaterials are known to aggregate in the presence of ions. Similarly, the aggregation of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) exposed to various ions such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride in water systems increases with the ionic strength. Therefore, for accurate toxicity studies, it is necessary to conduct a test using natural organic matters (NOMs) as additional dispersants that strengthen stability with increased repulsive forces. The three types of ecotoxicity tests based on the dispersion stability test using NOM showed that the toxicities of the three test samples decreased in the presence of NOM. To determine how NOM improved dispersion and reduced toxicities, we analyzed the ionization degree of ZnO NPs with and without NOM and found that the solubility was below 2 mg/L with a negligible change over time, implying that the ionization effect was low. The absolute value of the surface charge of particles increased in the presence of NOM, resulting in increased repulsive electrostatic forces and steric hindrance, causing less aggregation and more dispersion. Additionally, although the NOM used in the test is considered an effective dispersant that does not have a toxicological effect on aquatic organisms, the presence of NOM resulted in reduced toxicities and should be further investigated to establish it as a standard test method.

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The Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Male (In)Fertility

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13040849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 849 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Rita Pinho ◽

Sandra Rebelo ◽

Maria de Lourdes Pereira

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Reproductive System ◽

Male Fertility ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Engineered Nanoparticles ◽

Male Reproductive System ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Exceptional Set ◽

Zno Nps ◽

The Impact

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are among nanoscale materials, attracting increasing attention owing to their exceptional set of characteristics, which makes these engineered nanoparticles a great option for improving the quality and effectiveness of diagnosis and treatment. The capacity of ZnO NPs to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and apoptosis represents a promise for their use in both cancer therapy and microbial treatment. However, their intrinsic toxicity together with their easy entrance and accumulation in organism have raised some concerns regarding the biomedical use of these NPs. Several studies have reported that ZnO NPs might induce cytotoxic effects on the male reproductive system, compromising male fertility. Despite some advances in this area, the knowledge of the effects of ZnO NPs on male fertility is still scarce. Overall, a brief outline of the major ZnO NPs biomedical applications and promises in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic use will also be explored. Further, this review intends to discuss the effect of ZnO NPs exposure on the male reproductive system and speculate their effects on male (in)fertility.

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The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190408120532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 465-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽

Reham Z. Hamza ◽

Nahla S. El-Shenawy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Green Tea ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. Results: Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.

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The impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles on nitrification and the bacterial community in activated sludge in an SBR

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra07106b ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (82) ◽

pp. 67335-67342 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

S. T. Wang ◽

S. P. Li ◽

W. Q. Wang ◽

H. You

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Bacterial Community ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

The Impact

20 and 50 mg L−1 of ZnO NPs affect transformation of NH4+–N to NO2−–N and NO2−–N to NO3−–N.

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Long-Term Impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Differentiation and Cytokine Secretion of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12111823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1823 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Katrin Radeloff ◽

Andreas Radeloff ◽

Mario Ramos Tirado ◽

Agmal Scherzad ◽

Rudolf Hagen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Cytokine Secretion ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

The Impact

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) are widely utilized, for example in manufacturing paints and in the cosmetic industry. In addition, there is raising interest in the application of NPs in stem cell research. However, cytotoxic, genotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects were shown for NPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ZnO-NPs on cytokine secretion and differentiation properties of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASCs). Human ASCs were exposed to the subtoxic concentration of 0.2 µg/mL ZnO-NPs for 24 h. After four weeks of cultivation, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation procedures were performed. The multi-differentiation potential was confirmed histologically and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In addition, the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and caspase 3 was analyzed. Over the course of four weeks after ZnO-NPs exposure, no significant differences were detected in the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, VEGF and caspase 3 compared to non-exposed cells. The differentiation was also not affected by the ZnO-NPs. These findings underline the fact, that functionality of ASCs is likely to be unaffected by ZnO-NPs, despite a long-term disposition of NPs in the cells, supposing that the starting concentration was safely in the non-toxic range. This might provide important information for single-use nanomedical applications of ZnO-NPs.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Protected with Terpenoids as a Substance in Redox Imbalance Normalization in Burns

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14060492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 492

Author(s):

Nina Melnikova ◽

Alyona Balakireva ◽

Dmitry Orekhov ◽

Denis Kamorin ◽

Natalia Didenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Hysteresis Loops ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Healing Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Ethanol Medium

Preliminary protection of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with terpenoids such as betulin, its derivatives, and essential oils components has been proposed to produce gel-like oleophilic and hydrophilic formulations. We studied the properties of gel-like dispersions of ZnO NPs with immobilized terpenoids and their effects on the activity of LDH, GR, G6PDH, restoration of redox balance of co-enzyme pairs NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, as well as the activity of SOD, catalase, AlDH in erythrocytes in the treatment of burns in rats. Hysteresis loops on the rheograms of studied dispersions characterize their thixotropic properties. ZnO NPs with betulin diphosphate in the water–ethanol medium lead to a 20-fold increase in the hydrodynamic radius at pH 7.3 compared to the initial ZnO NPs, and facilitate the formation of Zn2+ ions and their penetration into the viable epidermis, unlike oleophilic dispersions. All dispersions reduce the healing time by one and a half times compared with the untreated control group, increase the activity of LDH, GR, G6PDH, SOD, catalase, AlDH, and contribute to the normalization of coenzyme balance. Normalization of the redox balance and wound state was more effective using hydrophilic dispersions due to Zn2 + penetration.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate Impact Physiological Parameters and Boosts Lipid Peroxidation in Soil Grown Coriander Plants (Coriandrum sativum)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1998

Author(s):

Norma Ruiz-Torres ◽

Antonio Flores-Naveda ◽

Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro ◽

Neymar Camposeco-Montejo ◽

Sonia Ramírez-Barrón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Chlorophyll Accumulation

The objective of this study was to determine the oxidative stress and the physiological and antioxidant responses of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum) grown for 58 days in soil with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg of Zn/kg of soil. The results revealed that all Zn compounds increased the total chlorophyll content (CHLt) by at least 45%, compared to the control group; however, with 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, chlorophyll accumulation decreased by 34.6%. Zn determination by induction-plasma-coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) showed that Zn absorption in roots and shoots occurred in plants exposed to ZnSO4 at all concentrations, which resulted in high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Only at 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, a 78.6% decrease in the MDA levels was observed. According to the results, the ZnSO4 treatments were more effective than the ZnO NPs to increase the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidases (POD). The results corroborate that phytotoxicity was higher in plants subjected to ZnSO4 compared to treatments with ZnO NPs, which suggests that the toxicity was due to Zn accumulation in the tissues by absorbing dissolved Zn++ ions.

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Iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles-triggered elicitation of important phenolic compounds in cell cultures of Fagonia indica.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-314389/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Atta Ullah Khan ◽

Tariq Khan ◽

Mubarak Ali Khan ◽

Akhtar Nadhman ◽

Muhammad Aasim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Secondary Metabolism ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Callus Cultures ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Stem Explants ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Iron Doped ◽

The Impact

Abstract Fagonia indica is an important medicinal plant species used traditionally against a variety of diseases. In this study, we initiated callus cultures from healthy stem explants. We observed maximum callus induction frequency (88%) on MS media supplemented with Thidiazuron (1.0 mg/mL). We also examined the callus cultures to determine the impact of iron-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Fe-ZnO-NPs) in concentrations (15.62 to 250 µg/mL) on biomass accumulation, secondary metabolism, and antioxidative potential in callus cultures of F. indica. Our results showed that maximum callus biomass (FW = 13.6 g and DW = 0.58 ± 0.01) was produced on day 40 when the media was supplemented with 250 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Similarly, maximum TPC (268.36 µg GAE/g of DW) was detected in 40 days old callus added with 125 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs. Maximum TFC (78.56 µg QE/g of DW) was observed in 20 days old callus grown in 62.5 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs containing media. Maximum total antioxidant capacity (390.74 µg AAE/g of DW) was observed in 40 days old callus with 125 µg/mL Fe-ZnO-NPs treated cultures, respectively. The antioxidant potential was in correlation with the TPC. These results showed that Fe-ZnO-NPs elicitors can increase the biomass and activate secondary metabolism in F. indica cells.

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The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Memory in Male Rats Treated with Zinc Oxide NPs

The Journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.32598/jqums.25.1.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Niloufar Darbandi ◽

◽

Zeynab Vasheghani Farahani ◽

Hamidreza Momeni ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Ca1 Region

Background: Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) present irreversible effects on the nervous system, memory, and learning. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on memory impairments, CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, and blood serum antioxidant enzymes in male rats treated with zinc oxide NPs. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into the control, zinc oxide NPs (1.25 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), and pentoxifylline with zinc oxide NPs groups. In all study groups, saline, zinc oxide NPs, and pentoxifylline were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before training. In the co-treatment group, pentoxifylline was injected one hour before injecting Zno NPs. After performing the behavioral test, the tested animals’ brains were fixed and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was counted. In all research groups, malondialdehyde levels, total antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase levels, and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum were measured. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles decreased memory and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and increased oxidative stress in blood serum, compared to the controls. In the co-treatment group, using pentoxifylline improved the above-mentioned factors and reached the level of the control group. Pentoxifylline alone presented no significant effect on the aforementioned characteristics, compared to the control group. Conclusion: ZnO NPs may decrease memory retrieval and cause cell death in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus by increasing oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline, as a potent antioxidant, can prevent the harmful effects of ZnO NPs.

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Biosynthesis of ZnO Nanostructures Using Azadirachta indica Leaf Extract and Their Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Tomato: An Eco-Friendly Approach

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2020.2891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 1412-1422

Author(s):

Nishat Arshi ◽

Y. Prashanthi ◽

Tentu Nageswara Rao ◽

Faheem Ahmed ◽

Shalendra Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Zno Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

X Ray ◽

The Impact

In this study, we report synthesis of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using simple chemical and green methods. The ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized using leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem) as reducing agent. The as obtained product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and TEM techniques. XRD analysis confirms that ZnO nanoparticles were crystalline having hexagonal Wurtzite structure with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), (1 0 1), (1 0 2), (1 1 0) and (1 1 2) planes. SEM analyses show that the as synthesized ZnO NPs were in the form of agglomerates and no other impurity peak was found in the EDS. TEM analyses confirm that the size of the nanoparticle was approx. 50 nm. Here in, we investigate the effect of chemical and green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles on germination and growth of lycopersicum esculentus (tomato) using petri plate seed germination method in loamy sand soil. The impact of concentration of applied ZnO nanoparticles via green synthesis and chemical methods were analyzed. Results revealed that green synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles showed maximum growth of seedling as compared to chemically synthesized Zinc oxide nanoparticles, bulk ZnO and control. After 50 days of tomato growth analysis, it was recognized that ZnO NPs can be a good green synthetic fertilizer by increasing shoot length, wet weight, dry weight and yield over conventional control. Hence, green method is found to be more effective.

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