The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Memory in Male Rats Treated with Zinc Oxide NPs

Background: Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (NPs) present irreversible effects on the nervous system, memory, and learning. Objective: The current study aimed to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline on memory impairments, CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells, and blood serum antioxidant enzymes in male rats treated with zinc oxide NPs. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into the control, zinc oxide NPs (1.25 mg/kg), pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg), and pentoxifylline with zinc oxide NPs groups. In all study groups, saline, zinc oxide NPs, and pentoxifylline were intraperitoneally injected 30 minutes before training. In the co-treatment group, pentoxifylline was injected one hour before injecting Zno NPs. After performing the behavioral test, the tested animals’ brains were fixed and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus was counted. In all research groups, malondialdehyde levels, total antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase levels, and glutathione peroxidase in blood serum were measured. Results: Zinc oxide nanoparticles decreased memory and the number of healthy neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and increased oxidative stress in blood serum, compared to the controls. In the co-treatment group, using pentoxifylline improved the above-mentioned factors and reached the level of the control group. Pentoxifylline alone presented no significant effect on the aforementioned characteristics, compared to the control group. Conclusion: ZnO NPs may decrease memory retrieval and cause cell death in the pyramidal neurons of the CA1 region of the hippocampus by increasing oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline, as a potent antioxidant, can prevent the harmful effects of ZnO NPs.

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The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201020666190408120532 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (6) ◽

pp. 465-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽

Reham Z. Hamza ◽

Nahla S. El-Shenawy

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Green Tea ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Green Tea Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. Results: Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles improve testicular steroidogenesis machinery dysfunction in benzo[α]pyrene-challenged rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91226-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Niveen M. Daoud ◽

Mohamed S. Aly ◽

Omaima H. Ezzo ◽

Naglaa A. Ali

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Male Rats ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Positive Effects

AbstractZinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) demonstrate potential positive effects on reproduction. However, their protective role against the reproductive toxicity pollutants has not yet been adequately studied at the molecular level. This study was designed to assess this objective using Benzo[α]pyrene B[a]P as reproductive toxic agent . Forty-eight mature male rats were randomly distributed into six groups: Group1 (negative control); Groups 2 and 3 (positive control I and II, wherein the animals were treated with 10 and 30 mg ZnO NPs/kg BW, respectively); Group 4 (B[a]P group; treated with 150 mg B[a]P/kg BW); and Groups 5 and 6 (subjected to B[a]P treatment co-administered with different concentrations of ZnO NPs). We investigated oxidative stress biomarkers; cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) gene expression; testosterone levels; and histopathology of the liver, kidney, and testicles. The B[a]P-treated group showed significant deterioration in all reproductive parameters and displayed induced oxidative stress. ZnO NPs remarkably reduced oxidative stress, effectively upregulated the mRNA levels of CY11A1, StAR, and 3β-HSD, and improved the histological pictures in the examined organs. At their investigated doses and given their NPs properties, ZnO NPs demonstrated a marked ameliorative effect against the reproductive toxic effects of B[a]P. Further studies are needed to thoroughly investigate the molecular mechanisms of ZnO NPs.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Improve Testicular Steroidogenesis Machinery Dysfunction In Benzo [α] Pyrene Challenged Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-218699/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Niveen M. Daoud ◽

S Aly Mohamed ◽

Omaima H. Ezzo ◽

Naglaa A. Ali

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Male Reproduction ◽

Male Rats ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Defensive Role ◽

The Impact

Abstract Although Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in low doses have potentially positive effects on reproduction by their antioxidant effects, the defensive role of Zinc nanomaterials against environmental pollutants that affect male reproduction has not been adequately studied. We designed our study to assess the impact of ZnO NPs towards reproductive dysfunction induced by Benzo[α]Pyrene (B[a]P). Forty-eight mature male rats were randomly distributed into six equal groups: G1; negative control, G2&3- positive control I &II (either 10 or 30 mg ZnO NPs / kg BW); G4. (150 mg Bap / kg BW), G 5 & 6 (Co- administrated B[a]P with different concentrations of ZnO NPs). Oxidative stress biomarkers, semiquantitative real-time PCR for steroidogenic enzymes (CY11A1, StAR, and 3β- HSD), testosterone levels and histopathology in the liver, kidney, and testicles were examined for this investigation. B[a] P treated group showed significant deterioration in all reproductive parameters and induced oxidative stress. Co-administration ZnO NPs eased oxidative stress and effectively increased the expression of CY11A1, StAR, and 3β- HSD and improved histopathological changes in the examined organs. Our results using the selected doses and with Nano particle properties confirm that ZnO NPs have an obvious ameliorative effect against B[a] P.

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UVB exposure enhanced the dermal penetration of zinc oxide nanoparticles and induced inflammatory responses through oxidative stress mediated by MAPKs and NF-κB signaling in SKH-1 hairless mouse skin

Toxicology Research ◽

10.1039/c6tx00026f ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 1066-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anu Pal ◽

Shamshad Alam ◽

Lalit K. S. Chauhan ◽

Prem N. Saxena ◽

Mahadeo Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Mouse Skin ◽

Hairless Mouse ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Dermal Penetration ◽

Uvb Exposure

UVB exposure enhances the internalization of ZnO-NPs and caused changes in surface morphology of SKH-1 mouse skin.

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Role of Autophagy in Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse LEYDIG Cells

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20164042 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (16) ◽

pp. 4042 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jingcao Shen ◽

Dan Yang ◽

Xingfan Zhou ◽

Yuqian Wang ◽

Shichuan Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Leydig Cells ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Sperm Density ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have shown adverse health impact on the human male reproductive system, with evidence of inducing apoptosis. However, whether or not ZnO NPs could promote autophagy, and the possible role of autophagy in the progress of apoptosis, remain unclear. In the current study, in vitro and in vivo toxicological responses of ZnO NPs were explored by using a mouse model and mouse Leydig cell line. It was found that intragastrical exposure of ZnO NPs to mice for 28 days at the concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day disrupted the seminiferous epithelium of the testis and decreased the sperm density in the epididymis. Furthermore, serum testosterone levels were markedly reduced. The induction of apoptosis and autophagy in the testis tissues was disclosed by up-regulating the protein levels of cleaved Caspase-8, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, LC3-II, Atg 5, and Beclin 1, accompanied by down-regulation of Bcl 2. In vitro tests showed that ZnO NPs could induce apoptosis and autophagy with the generation of oxidative stress. Specific inhibition of autophagy pathway significantly decreased the cell viability and up-regulated the apoptosis level in mouse Leydig TM3 cells. In summary, ZnO NPs can induce apoptosis and autophagy via oxidative stress, and autophagy might play a protective role in ZnO NPs-induced apoptosis of mouse Leydig cells.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Protected with Terpenoids as a Substance in Redox Imbalance Normalization in Burns

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14060492 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (6) ◽

pp. 492

Author(s):

Nina Melnikova ◽

Alyona Balakireva ◽

Dmitry Orekhov ◽

Denis Kamorin ◽

Natalia Didenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Hysteresis Loops ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Healing Time ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Ethanol Medium

Preliminary protection of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with terpenoids such as betulin, its derivatives, and essential oils components has been proposed to produce gel-like oleophilic and hydrophilic formulations. We studied the properties of gel-like dispersions of ZnO NPs with immobilized terpenoids and their effects on the activity of LDH, GR, G6PDH, restoration of redox balance of co-enzyme pairs NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH, as well as the activity of SOD, catalase, AlDH in erythrocytes in the treatment of burns in rats. Hysteresis loops on the rheograms of studied dispersions characterize their thixotropic properties. ZnO NPs with betulin diphosphate in the water–ethanol medium lead to a 20-fold increase in the hydrodynamic radius at pH 7.3 compared to the initial ZnO NPs, and facilitate the formation of Zn2+ ions and their penetration into the viable epidermis, unlike oleophilic dispersions. All dispersions reduce the healing time by one and a half times compared with the untreated control group, increase the activity of LDH, GR, G6PDH, SOD, catalase, AlDH, and contribute to the normalization of coenzyme balance. Normalization of the redox balance and wound state was more effective using hydrophilic dispersions due to Zn2 + penetration.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Zinc Sulfate Impact Physiological Parameters and Boosts Lipid Peroxidation in Soil Grown Coriander Plants (Coriandrum sativum)

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26071998 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (7) ◽

pp. 1998

Author(s):

Norma Ruiz-Torres ◽

Antonio Flores-Naveda ◽

Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro ◽

Neymar Camposeco-Montejo ◽

Sonia Ramírez-Barrón ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Atomic Emission ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Emission Spectrometry ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Chlorophyll Accumulation

The objective of this study was to determine the oxidative stress and the physiological and antioxidant responses of coriander plants (Coriandrum sativum) grown for 58 days in soil with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) at concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 mg of Zn/kg of soil. The results revealed that all Zn compounds increased the total chlorophyll content (CHLt) by at least 45%, compared to the control group; however, with 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, chlorophyll accumulation decreased by 34.6%. Zn determination by induction-plasma-coupled atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) showed that Zn absorption in roots and shoots occurred in plants exposed to ZnSO4 at all concentrations, which resulted in high levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Only at 400 mg/kg of ZnSO4, a 78.6% decrease in the MDA levels was observed. According to the results, the ZnSO4 treatments were more effective than the ZnO NPs to increase the antioxidant activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidases (POD). The results corroborate that phytotoxicity was higher in plants subjected to ZnSO4 compared to treatments with ZnO NPs, which suggests that the toxicity was due to Zn accumulation in the tissues by absorbing dissolved Zn++ ions.

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Effect of Green Tea and Zinc oxide Nanoparticles Complex on Histopathology of Spleen of Male Rats Induced by Monosodium Glutamate

10.36811/ijho.2019.110002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 04-11

Author(s):

Fawziah A Al-Salmi ◽

Reham Z Hamza ◽

Nahla S El-Shenawy

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Green Tea ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Monosodium Glutamate ◽

Male Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

White Pulp ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Red Pulp

Background and objective: Synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with green tea extract (GTE) to form a complex is known to be one of the most multiuse nanoparticles with its application in treatment the toxicity of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on liver, kidney, testis, and pancreas. Therefore, the present study was concerned with the pontifical effect of ZnO NPs / GTE complex on the histological structure of spleen exposed to MSG. Materials and Methods: The toxicity of MSG was evaluated in male albino rats using two dosages (low, 6.0 and high, 17.5 mg/kg). The albino rats were taken for the experiment and randomly assigned into six groups; control, ZnO NPs, MSG-LD, MSG-HD, ZnO NPs / GTE + MSG-LD, and ZnO NPs / GTE + MSG-HD. The animals were decapitated after 30 days of exposure and spleens were dissected out and processed for the histological examination by light microscope. Results: The result revealed that MSG causes shrinkage in the white pulp nodule with increasing the area of the white pulp and degeneration of red pulp as compared to the control. The changes were more prominent in the rats treated with the higher dosage of MSG. The finding suggests that MSG may effect on adhesion of splenocytes and degeneration of red pulp in the rat leading to the reduced immunogenic response. Conclusions: The data could be demonstrated the effect of MSG on spleen tissue was a dose-dependent and led to hypertrophy of white pulp of the spleen. The ZnO NPs/GTE complex could provide a protective benefit against MSG-induced splenomegaly through its potent antioxidant properties due to the presence of GTE and reduction of the ZnO. The future study will be a concern on the thymus histology as it acts as the center of lymphoid organ. Keywords: Monosodium glutamate, ZnO nanoparticles, Spleen, Histology, Rats

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Foliar Sprayed Green Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Drought-Induced Oxidative Stress in Tomato

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10112400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2400

Author(s):

Manal El-Zohri ◽

Naseem A. Al-Wadaani ◽

Sameera O. Bafeel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Drought Conditions ◽

Tomato Growth

This study explored the effectiveness of green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) foliar spray on tomato growth and oxidative stress relief under drought conditions. Tomato plant subjected to four water regimes (100, 75, 50, and 25% FC), and in the same while seedlings were sprayed with 25, 50, and 100 mg/L green ZnO-NPs. The results showed that tomato growth parameters reduced significantly by increasing drought stress levels, while ZnO-NPs enhanced plant growth under all studied drought levels. Out of three ZnO-NPs concentrations tested, 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs proved to be the optimum treatments for alleviating drought stress. They increased shoot and root biomass compared to untreated controls. Application of 25 and 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs enhanced shoot dry weight by about 2–2.5-fold, respectively, under severe drought conditions (25%) compared to ZnO-NPs untreated plants. The application of 25 and 50 mg/L green ZnO-NPs decreased the drought-induced oxidative stress as indicated by the reduction in malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide concentrations compared to untreated controls. While 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs further increased oxidative stress. The beneficial effects of ZnO-NPs were evident in the plants’ defensive state, in which the concentration of ascorbic acid, free phenols, and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase were maintained at higher levels compared to NPs-untreated plants. At severe drought conditions, 25 mg/L ZnO-NPs induced SOD, CAT, and APX activity by about 3.99-, 3.23-, and 2.82-fold of their corresponding controls, respectively. Likewise, at 25% FC, SOD, CAT, and APX activity increased with 50 mg/L ZnO-NPs by about 4.58-, 3.57-, and 3.25-fold consecutively compared with their respective controls. Therefore, foliar use of green ZnO-NPs at lower concentrations might be suggested as an efficient way for enhancing tomato tolerance to drought stress.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Damage Tobacco BY-2 Cells by Oxidative Stress Followed by Processes of Autophagy and Programmed Cell Death

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano10061066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1066 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ľudmila Balážová ◽

Matej Baláž ◽

Petr Babula

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Cell Death ◽

Zinc Oxide ◽

Programmed Cell Death ◽

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Model ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Oxide Nanoparticles ◽

Zno Nps ◽

Wide Range

Nanomaterials, including zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), have a great application potential in many fields, such as medicine, the textile industry, electronics, and cosmetics. Their impact on the environment must be carefully investigated and specified due to their wide range of application. However, the amount of data on possible negative effects of ZnO NPs on plants at the cellular level are still insufficient. Thus, we focused on the effect of ZnO NPs on tobacco BY-2 cells, i.e., a widely accepted plant cell model. Adverse effects of ZnO NPs on both growth and biochemical parameters were observed. In addition, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species visualizations confirmed that ZnO NPs may induce oxidative stress. All these changes were associated with the lipid peroxidation and changes in the plasma membrane integrity, which together with endoplasmatic reticulum and mitochondrial dysfunction led to autophagy and programmed cell death. The present study demonstrates that the phytotoxic effect of ZnO NPs on the BY-2 cells is very complex and needs further investigation.

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