Who works when? Towards a typology of weekly work patterns in Belgium

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 652-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joeri Minnen ◽  
Ignace Glorieux ◽  
Theun Pieter van Tienoven
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Matching Techniques ◽  
Relevant Variation ◽  
Weekly Work ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The question when people work is almost always reduced to the question how much people work on (non-)standard working hours. In this contribution, we applied optimal matching techniques using Belgian data from a weekly work grid ( n = 6330) to identify individuals’ work timing patterns, offering a richer analytical approach than most previous studies on (non-)standard work time. Results show that such analysis captures much more and much more relevant variation in the timing of work than simple questions. Three general and 10 more detailed weekly work patterns are identified based on two dimensions of paid work: the number of hours worked and the percentage of hours worked on non-standard periods of time. Additional analyses show that men’s work patterns depend only on job characteristics. For women, work patterns are also explained by socio-economic factors including education, presence of working partner and presence of children.

scholarly journals Perancangan Kapasitas Produksi Produk Electronic Control Unit (Ecu)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Oktavia Sunny ◽  
Anastasia Lidya Maukar ◽  
Ineu Widaningsih Sosodoro
Keyword(s):  
Production Line ◽  
Electronic Control Unit ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Working Time ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Capacity Data

The export demand for Electoric Control Unit (ECU) products, which continued to increase by approximately 25% in December 2014, made the company have to review its production capacity. Based on current production capacity data, it is known that the process cycle time is 64.9 seconds while the takt time needed to meet consumer demand is 39.4 seconds for the first production line. With working time included in working hours overtime, this first-line capacity cannot meet production demands. Work measurement is done to get actual time data for capacity calculation. Man machine chart is one of the tools used to determine the production line capacity with the current number of machines and workers. To be able to fulfill the production demand, a capacity design with 2 proposed improvements is carried out, namely: adding a working time of one shift for the first production line or balancing work time between lines. By calculating the results obtained and the costs incurred, the proposal for balancing work time between lines becomes more effective to do.

Choosing Flexibility

Women's Work ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Zoe Young
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Professional Work ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Early Motherhood ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Relational Frame ◽  
Earning Power ◽  
Childcare Providers

This chapter investigates professional women's choices about how much, where and when they work, and unpicks the complex and intersecting factors found to complicate and constrain their capacity for professional work in the context of their motherhood. The influences of dominant cultural ideologies of mothering are central to this discussion about why women work as is the relational frame within which women make decisions about how much and when they will work relative to the practical and temporal requirements of their children, their childcare providers, and in the context of their partners' work patterns and earning power. The chapter begins with the story of a woman named Anna, and then moves to discuss five intersecting economic, social, cultural and personal factors that are material to women's working hours and flexibility choices. Anna's story underscores the complexity and the myriad of influences surrounding the decision to adjust employment in early motherhood.

Adequacy of Australia's GP workforce: estimating supply and demand, 2005–06 to 2015–16

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Dingwall ◽  
Joan Henderson ◽  
Helena Britt ◽  
Christopher Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Gp Services ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
Calculated Average

Objective A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual general practitioner (GP) utilisation and predicted numbers required to meet demand to 2020. The objective of the present study is to calculate average annual GP utilisation in 2015–16 compared with clinical demand predicted in 2005–06. Methods Demand was calculated from Medicare Benefits Schedule, Department of Veterans’ Affairs and Australian Bureau of Statistics data. Length of consultation and average clinical hours worked per week (from 2002–03 to 2015–16) was drawn from GP self-reported data collected through the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program. GP workforce numbers were sourced from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare ‘Medical practitioners workforce 2015’ report. Results Predicted demand from 2005–06 to 2009–10 approximated GP supply. Beyond 2011, approximately 2674 additional GPs were required in 2015–16 to maintain the average annual 2005–06 GP workload. An additional 5941 GPs were required to meet the increase in clinical demand (for GP services to patients) from 2005–06 to 2015–16. Conclusions The number of GP clinical hours worked decreased, and clinical demand increased. Ongoing efforts are required to ensure the supply of GPs to meet the clinical demand of Australia’s aging population. What is known about this topic? For the past three decades there has been concern about the supply of GPs in Australia. In recent years the Australian Government has taken several steps to improve access to GP services by increasing the overall supply of GPs and encouraging a more even distribution of GPs across Australia. A 2011 Australian study calculated average annual GP service utilisation and predicted the number of GPs required to meet clinical demand to 2020. There are current concerns that the GP workforce has reached a state of oversupply. What does this paper add? This study concludes that the GP workforce is not in a state of oversupply, confirming that patient clinical demand increased through both population growth and the aging of the population. Although the number of GPs increased, the number of clinical hours worked by (male) GPs decreased. Therefore, the rise in the number of GPs did not result in a proportional rise in GP workforce capacity. Clearly standardised definitions and inclusions for counting the GP workforce would improve accuracy in measuring this section of the health workforce. What are the implications for practitioners? GP workforce supply will require ongoing monitoring over coming years considering the increasing population, the aging of the population, declining clinical GP working hours and the approaching mass retirement of older GPs.

scholarly journals The new gendered labour of synchronisation: Temporal labour in the new world of work

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Woodman ◽  
Julia Cook
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
New World ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Standard Work ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Employment Security ◽  
High Employment ◽  
Disproportionate Burden ◽  
Selection Of

Research considering how time is organised has shown that women tend to carry a disproportionate burden of coordinating the schedules of their households. However, little research has considered how these gendered inequalities may manifest in the context of the shift away from ‘standard’ work patterns and towards variable and non-standard hours. We address this question by using interview and digital data to consider how a selection of ‘ordinary’ Australian young adults in heterosexual partnerships manage and coordinate their time. We contend that even for middle-class young adults with relatively high employment security, increasingly complex working arrangements are shifting existing inequalities in gendered divisions of temporal labour in ways that heighten feelings of temporal insecurity. We conceptualise our findings as part of an intensification of the existing need to schedule and manage lives that is widely felt in the so-called ‘gig economy era’, even by those removed from gig work proper.

scholarly journals Identifying differences in GPs’ working hours according to gender and employment position: A time sampling study using SMS text messaging

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Daniel Van Hassel ◽  
Lud Van der Velden ◽  
Ronald Batenburg
Keyword(s):  
Text Messaging ◽  
Workforce Planning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Time Sampling ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Hours Worked ◽  
Female Self ◽  
Sms Text Messaging

In order to aid health workforce planning, we measured the number of hours worked by general practitioners (GPs). The twofold aim of this study consisted of assessing the feasibility, validity and reliability of an innovative method to measure working time and, second, to analyse differences in hours worked between six types of GPs divided by the combination of their gender and employment position. Our method was based on multiple time point observations using SMS text messaging. On average 19 GPs participated every week for 57 weeks. In total 1,051 GPs participated resulting in 61,320 valid measurements of time use. On average, GPs worked 44 hours per week. About 56% of this time was spent on direct patient-related activities, 26% to indirect patient-related activities, and 18% to activities not related to patients. There were substantial differences in working hours between male and female self-employed, those drawing a salary from a duo or group practice and locum GPs. For example, male self-employed GPs worked 51.6 hours per week, whereas male locum GPs worked 26.7 hours per week. Generally, differences in hours worked with regard to gender and employment position are smaller if we relate these hours to the number of FTE they worked. Furthermore, we conclude that the method of SMS text messaging based on the time sampling technique presents a limited degree of interference to the participants’ work and achieved reliable and valid results.

Flexible `Parts' and Rigid `Fulls': The Limited Revolution in Work-Time Patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dey
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Work Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Flexible Parts ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment

The evidence indicates that there has been some erosion of the distinction between part-time and full-time employment over the past decade. However, this is almost entirely attributable to the growth in part-time employment, and despite a continuing rigidity in full-time work patterns. It is argued that part-time employment can only make a limited contribution to labour market flexibility so long as full-time work patterns remain inflexible. This paper questions the assumptions sustaining a rigid bifurcation of work into full-time and part-time hours, and considers the case for a more flexible approach to full-time hours in the context of the debate over worksharing.

scholarly journals WFM Systems as a Digital Business Transformation Tool

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
A. A. Grigoryan
Keyword(s):  
Current Problem ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Work Schedule ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Workforce Management ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Flexible Work Schedule ◽  
Time Planning

The article focuses on the current problem – the efficiency of employees' working hours through the use of special systems for work time planning (workforce management). An analysis of the use of various management tools to create an effective employee schedule is presented. It has been shown that the number of companies implementing automated programs for recording and planning employees' working hours is gradually growing. The main advantages and disadvantages identified by managers implementing digital solutions in the work schedule process were identified. Various types of specialized software for creating a flexible work schedule have been investigated, as well as key criteria by which the best WFM systems are determined. In the course of this classification, parameters have been defined, which should be given special attention when deciding on the use of the WFM system in the company. Based on the results of the study conducted by the author, recommendations were developed for the implementation of such digital solutions in the company. The author concluded that these systems were necessary for enterprises focused on digitalizing their business, since they made it possible to optimize staff costs and increase employee efficiency.

Work Time Allocation of Family Doctors in Rural Tajikistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Nargis S. Juraeva ◽  
Martin W. Bratschi ◽  
Kaspar Wyss ◽  
Ismoil S. Komilov
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Continuous Medical Education ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Family Doctors ◽  
Rural Health Centers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Treatment Documentation

There is a little-known study about how family doctors actually use their working time providing patient care, administration, and other activities. This paper investigates this issue for family doctors who are working in health facilities of a rural area in Tajikistan. To capture information about time allocation, 24 family doctors were observed during conventional working hours by observers for five days each over a period of four weeks. Data collection was conducted in the four randomly selected districts in rural Tajikistan in 2015. Results were presented in terms of percentage of time allocation for direct patient treatment, documentation activities, continuous medical education, health promotion, traveling and walking, and for unproductive time. Time allocation was also compared between family doctors working at the polyclinics and at the rural health centers. The data collected can be used for future decision making and as a baseline to assess the impact of further reforms in the healthcare system of Tajikistan.

Explanations of labor protection specialists

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Labor Protection ◽  
Hours Worked

Rostrud specialists provide clarifications on issues related to the establishment of irregular working hours, registration of payment for hours worked by the employee overtime.

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