scholarly journals Individual Differences in Face Recognition: A Decade of Discovery

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy B. Wilmer
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Potential Consequence ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Cognitive Specificity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Remote Testing ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Given the vital role face recognition plays in human social interaction, variations in this ability hold inherent interest and potential consequence. Yet the science of such differences has long lagged behind that of differences in other cognitive domains. In particular, although scattered case reports of catastrophic face-recognition deficits due to brain damage date back more than a century, for many decades, virtually no attention was paid to naturally occurring individual differences in face recognition. This past decade, in contrast, has seen a remarkable acceleration of research into these naturally occurring differences, spurred by the creation and validation of high-quality measures, open sharing of these measures, new options for remote testing, and a concerted move toward larger and more multivariate investigations. In this article, I recount six fundamental insights gained during the past decade about individual differences in face recognition—concerning their broad range, cognitive specificity, strong heritability, resilience to change, life-span trajectory, and practical relevance. Insights like these support a richer understanding of individual social experience and could enable more informed individual and institutional decision making.

Stress management: Corpus-based insights into vernacular interpretations of stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Laurel Smith Stvan
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
American English ◽  
Physical Symptom ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The Past ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Semantic Shift

Examination of the term stress in naturally occurring vernacular prose provides evidence of three separate senses being conflated. A corpus analysis of 818 instances of stress from non-academic texts in the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) and the Corpus of American Discourses on Health (CADOH) shows a negative prosody for stress, which is portrayed variously as a source outside the body, a physical symptom within the body and an emotional state. The data show that contemporary speakers intermingle the three senses, making more difficult a discussion between doctors and patients of ways to ‘reduce stress’, when stress might be interpreted as a stressor, a symptom, or state of anxiety. This conflation of senses reinforces the impression that stress is pervasive and increasing. In addition, a semantic shift is also refining a new sense for stress, as post-traumatic stress develops as a specific subtype of emotional stress whose use has increased in circulation in the past 20 years.

Partial Adrenal Suppression with Prolonged Use of Depo-Provera

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Nur Aisyah Zainordin ◽  
Fatimah Zaherah Mohamed Shah ◽  
Rohana Abdul Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Adrenal Suppression ◽  
Private Pharmacy ◽  
Significant Weight Gain ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depo Provera

A 49-year old patient presented with symptoms of adrenal suppression following an attempt to withdraw Depo-Provera or Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA) injection. She had been receiving DMPA injections for the past 16 years for contraception. She was initially prescribed DMPA by her gynaecologist but later on began obtaining the medication directly from a private pharmacy without prior consultation from her gynaecologist. Clinically, she had been experiencing significant weight gain and appeared cushingoid. Blood investigations confirmed partial adrenal suppression with presence of an adrenal incidentaloma. This case reports a known side effect of DMPA but occurring at a much lower dose than previously described. It also highlights the need to increase the awareness of the insidious side effect of DMPA and to avoid unsupervised use of the drug.

Real Time Gender and Age Prediction using Deep Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-801
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Detection ◽  
Age Prediction

Face recognition plays a vital role in security purpose. In recent years, the researchers have focused on the pose illumination, face recognition, etc,. The traditional methods of face recognition focus on Open CV’s fisher faces which results in analyzing the face expressions and attributes. Deep learning method used in this proposed system is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Proposed work includes the following modules: [1] Face Detection [2] Gender Recognition [3] Age Prediction. Thus the results obtained from this work prove that real time age and gender detection using CNN provides better accuracy results compared to other existing approaches.

Neurological Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit L. Bleecker
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Occupational Exposures ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Temporal Association ◽  
Biological Plausibility ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neurologic Disorders

This chapter describes neurologic disorders related primarily to occupational exposures along with presenting signs and symptoms. Acute or subacute occupational exposure to high levels of neurotoxic compounds, which occurred in the past and resulted in unique presentations of neurological disorders, occur infrequently today. Sections include the evaluation of toxic neuropathies and the approach to neurobehavioral impairment along with the cognitive domains commonly affected with exposure to neurointoxicants. A section describes the approach to a patient with exposure to neurointoxicants that includes the need for a temporal association between exposure and effect, a dose-effect relationship, biological plausibility, and other causes eliminated Effects of selected neurotoxins are described, including carbon monoxide, lead, organic solvents, and manganese.

scholarly journals Characterizing Bilingual Effects on Cognition: The Search for Meaningful Individual Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Kristina C. Backer ◽  
Heather Bortfeld
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Bilingual Advantage ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Movement ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Task Irrelevant ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Relationship

A debate over the past decade has focused on the so-called bilingual advantage—the idea that bilingual and multilingual individuals have enhanced domain-general executive functions, relative to monolinguals, due to competition-induced monitoring of both processing and representation from the task-irrelevant language(s). In this commentary, we consider a recent study by Pot, Keijzer, and de Bot (2018), which focused on the relationship between individual differences in language usage and performance on an executive function task among multilingual older adults. We discuss their approach and findings in light of a more general movement towards embracing complexity in this domain of research, including individuals’ sociocultural context and position in the lifespan. The field increasingly considers interactions between bilingualism/multilingualism and cognition, employing measures of language use well beyond the early dichotomous perspectives on language background. Moreover, new measures of bilingualism and analytical approaches are helping researchers interrogate the complexities of specific processing issues. Indeed, our review of the bilingualism/multilingualism literature confirms the increased appreciation researchers have for the range of factors—beyond whether someone speaks one, two, or more languages—that impact specific cognitive processes. Here, we highlight some of the most salient of these, and incorporate suggestions for a way forward that likewise encompasses neural perspectives on the topic.

scholarly journals Digital Glomus Tumor: Bibliographic Review of the Studies Published over the Past 10 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
pp. 046-055
Author(s):  
Victoria Hernández ◽  
Tania Lena ◽  
Eliana Camacho ◽  
Matías Craviotto
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Tumor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Benign Neoplasm ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Glomus Tumors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

AbstractGlomus tumors are a mostly benign neoplasm that constitutes less than 4% of upper-limb soft-tissue tumors. Its unspecific clinical presentation, added to its low frequency, leads to a late diagnosis.The objective of the present study is to update the clinical-paraclinical approach and the surgical technique used in the treatment.We carried out a literature review from 2014 to 2019 on digital glomus tumor in the hand in adult patients using the PubMed search engine.In most of the publications analyzed, the diagnosis was clinical, with a delay of 1 to 10 years. Plain radiography is the most requested study; of the 16 articles reporting its indication, only half evidenced compatible changes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was requested in 15 articles, presenting normal results in 3 of them. The treatment of choice was surgical excision using a transungual approach. Only 4 articles report recurrence after excision.Although there is diversity in the approach to these tumors, we conclude that the diagnosis is clinical, and the treatment surgical, and there is no consensus regarding the paraclinical indication. The information available comes mainly from case reports, publications that contribute to the generation of evidence for the clinical practice in rare diseases such as this one.

scholarly journals Use of PRP, PRF and CGF in Periodontal Regeneration and Facial Rejuvenation—A Narrative Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Eitan Mijiritsky ◽  
Haya Drora Assaf ◽  
Oren Peleg ◽  
Maayan Shacham ◽  
Loredana Cerroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Past ◽  
Autologous Platelet

Growth factors (GFs) play a vital role in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and angiogenesis. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) which contain high levels of GFs make them especially suitable for periodontal regeneration and facial rejuvenation. The main generations of APCs presented are platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with an overview of APCs’ evolution over the past decade in order to give reliable and useful information to be used in clinical work. This review summarizes the most interesting and novel articles published between 1997 and 2020. Electronic and manual searches were conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. The following keywords were used: growth factors, VEGF, TGF-b1, PRP, PRF, CGF and periodontal regeneration and/or facial rejuvenation. A total of 73 articles were finally included. The review then addresses the uses of the three different techniques in the two disciplines, as well as the advantages and limitations of each technique. Overall, PRP is mainly used in cases of hard and soft tissue procedures, while PRF is used in gingival recession and the treatment of furcation and intrabony defects; CGF is mainly used in bone regeneration.

scholarly journals A Response of Snow Cover to the Climate in the Northwest Himalaya (NWH) Using Satellite Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 655
Author(s):  
Animesh Choudhury ◽  
Avinash Chand Yadav ◽  
Stefania Bonafoni
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Snow Cover Area ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Northwest Himalaya ◽  
The Past ◽  
Average Annual Temperature

The Himalayan region is one of the most crucial mountain systems across the globe, which has significant importance in terms of the largest depository of snow and glaciers for fresh water supply, river runoff, hydropower, rich biodiversity, climate, and many more socioeconomic developments. This region directly or indirectly affects millions of lives and their livelihoods but has been considered one of the most climatically sensitive parts of the world. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variation in maximum extent of snow cover area (SCA) and its response to temperature, precipitation, and elevation over the northwest Himalaya (NWH) during 2000–2019. The analysis uses Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Terra 8-day composite snow Cover product (MOD10A2), MODIS/Terra/V6 daily land surface temperature product (MOD11A1), Climate Hazards Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) precipitation product, and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM product for the investigation. Modified Mann-Kendall (mMK) test and Spearman’s correlation methods were employed to examine the trends and the interrelationships between SCA and climatic parameters. Results indicate a significant increasing trend in annual mean SCA (663.88 km2/year) between 2000 and 2019. The seasonal and monthly analyses were also carried out for the study region. The Zone-wise analysis showed that the lower Himalaya (184.5 km2/year) and the middle Himalaya (232.1 km2/year) revealed significant increasing mean annual SCA trends. In contrast, the upper Himalaya showed no trend during the study period over the NWH region. Statistically significant negative correlation (−0.81) was observed between annual SCA and temperature, whereas a nonsignificant positive correlation (0.47) existed between annual SCA and precipitation in the past 20 years. It was also noticed that the SCA variability over the past 20 years has mainly been driven by temperature, whereas the influence of precipitation has been limited. A decline in average annual temperature (−0.039 °C/year) and a rise in precipitation (24.56 mm/year) was detected over the region. The results indicate that climate plays a vital role in controlling the SCA over the NWH region. The maximum and minimum snow cover frequency (SCF) was observed during the winter (74.42%) and monsoon (46.01%) season, respectively, while the average SCF was recorded to be 59.11% during the study period. Of the SCA, 54.81% had a SCF above 60% and could be considered as the perennial snow. The elevation-based analysis showed that 84% of the upper Himalaya (UH) experienced perennial snow, while the seasonal snow mostly dominated over the lower Himalaya (LH) and the middle Himalaya (MH).

2,2-Dialkylacetic Acids -A New Class of Naturally Occurring Lipid Constituents

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gottfried Raab ◽  
Jürgen Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Relative Retention Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
South American ◽  
Time Data ◽  
New Class ◽  
The Past ◽  
Relative Retention ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Acetic Acids

Abstract The uropygial gland waxes of the South American red-legged Seriema (Cariama cristata (L., 1766)) were found to be composed of unbranched alcohols and 2,2′-dialkyl-substituted acetic acids which so far have not been found in skin lipids. When used as a chemosystematic character, the occurrence of this lipid class separates the order Cariamiformes (Seriemas) from all other avian orders hitherto investigated, especially from the Gruiformes (cranes and rails) to which they have been tentatively attributed in the past. From the GC retention time data now available for a series of 2-alkyl-substituted fatty acid methyl esters relative retention time indices for other compounds may be predicted.

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