Toughening of Polypropylene Highly Filled with Aluminum Hydroxide

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanpai Su ◽  
Pingkai Jiang ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Ping Wei ◽  
Yong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Aluminum Hydroxide ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Izod Impact ◽  
Rubbery Phase ◽  
Rubber Phase ◽  
Toughening Agent

The flame retardant and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), highly filled with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and toughened with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and zinc neutralized sulfated EPDM ionomer (Zn-S-EPDM), were studied along with their morphology. The PP matrix when highly filled with Al(OH)3 particles can achieve an adequate level of flame retardancy, but there is a decrease in the mechanical properties because of inadequate adhesion between the Al(OH)3 particles and the PP matrix and the strong tendency of the filler to agglomerate. The rubber incorporated in the PP/Al(OH)3 composites has two roles: as compatibilizer and toughening agent. Although ordinary EPDM significantly improves the Izod impact strength of the composites, the tensile properties are much worse because of the weak interfacial adhesion between the modifier and the matrix. Using Zn-S-EPDM instead EPDM, the tensile properties are much improved with only a slight decrease in toughness, because of improvements in the interfacial adhesion between modifier and matrix. SEM micrographs show that the rubber phase is dispersed in the continuous PP matrix and that most Al(OH)3 particles are uniformly distributed in the rubbery phase. Larger, obviously rubbery, domains can be seen in the PP/EPDM/Al(OH)3 ternary composites. Much finer rubbery domains were found in the PP/Zn-S-EPDM/Al(OH)3 composites.

Influences of the γ′ Phase on the Mechanical Properties of a Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1023 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhi Xun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Single Crystal Superalloy ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Solid Solution Treatment ◽  
The Matrix

After solid solution treatment at 1335°C for 4 hours and cooling to room temperature at different rate, the nickel-based single crystal superalloy were made into three kinds of nickel-based single crystal superalloy materials containing different size γ′ phases, respectively. The tensile test of I-shaped specimens was carried out at 980°C, and their effect of γ′ phase microstructure on the tensile properties was studied. The results show that the yielding strength of the material air-cooled to room temperature was lower than that with cooling rate at 0.15°C/s, but both of them were lower than the yielding strength of original material. Little difference was found on the elastic modulus of I-shaped specimens made of three kinds of materials. When the cubic degree of the γ′ phase is higher and the size is larger, the tensile properties of the material is better, which can be attributed to the larger size and narrower channel of the matrix phase that lead to higher dislocation resistance.

Recycled High Density Polyethylene / Natural Rubber / Chicken Feather Fibers (RHDPE/NR/CFF) Composites: The Effects of Fiber Loading and Benzyl Urea on Tensile Properties and Morphology Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 582-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I.M. Yazid ◽  
A.G. Supri ◽  
Z. Firuz ◽  
Luqman Musa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Chicken Feather ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Feather Fibers ◽  
Lower Elongation

The effects of benzyl urea into RHDPE/NR/CFF composites with different fibers loading were studied. The composites were prepared using BrabenderPlasticorder at 160 °C with rotor speed of 50rpm. The composites were characterized in respect of their tensile properties and morphology. The results indicated that RHDPE/NR/CFF with benzyl urea composites show higher values of tensile strength, Youngs modulus, but lower elongation at break than RHDPE/NR/CFF composites. RHDPE/NR/CFF with benzyl urea composites gave a better interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fiber than RHDPE/NR/CFF composites as evidence using SEM.

scholarly journals Studies on Water Sorption Behaviour of Laminated Bamboo Polymer Composite

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 01040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuniar Ratna Pratiwi ◽  
Indah Widiastuti ◽  
Budi Harjanto
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sorption Behaviour ◽  
Laminated Bamboo ◽  
The Matrix

The aim of this article is to evaluate water absorption in bamboo fiber composites. Bamboo is hydrophilic, means that it easily absorbs water. In this study the bamboo fiber-based composites were developed using hand lay up method, with epoxy resin as the matrix constituent. Water absorption characteristics of specimens of bamboo composite and epoxy were determined from water immersion tests at several temperatures. Gravimetric analysis was performed to determine the moisure absorbed as a function of time at two different temperatures: 25 ºC and 50 C. The diffusivity of water in an epoxy bamboo composite was determined after reaching saturation point. During room temperature soaking, epoxy specimen showed the characteristic of Fickian behavior. Similar immersion tests on bamboo-epoxy composites followed nonfickian behavior. Changes in the mechanical properties of material due to water absorption were evaluated from tensile testing on materials with varied water content. It was found that the waterabsorption in all samples reduced the tensile properties. The degradation of tensile properties was greater with an increasing temperature of immersion. The results of this study emphasize the importance ofconsidering deterioration of mechanical properties in the bamboo epoxy composites during their application in water and possibly in humid environment.

scholarly journals Microstructure and mechanical properties of A357/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation-based dispersion of ball-milled nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinan Kandemir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Processing ◽  
A357 Alloy ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles ◽  
Uniform Dispersion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Dispersion Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Microstructural Studies

In this work, A357/0.5 wt.% SiC nanocomposites were fabricated with a combination of ultrasonic processing and a nanoparticle feeding mechanism that involves the introduction of a closed end aluminium tube filled with the ball-milled SiC nanoparticles (20–30 nm) and aluminium powders (<75 µm) into the melt for complete deagglomeration and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles through the matrix. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the fabricated nanocomposites were investigated. The microstructural studies conducted with optical and advanced electron microscopes indicate that relatively effective deagglomeration and uniform dispersion of SiC nanoparticles into the molten alloy were achieved. The hardness and tensile properties of the nanocomposites were notably improved compared to those of the ultrasonically processed A357 alloy without reinforcement, showing the strengthening potency of nanoparticles and the good bonding obtained at the particle-reinforcement interface.

PLA-Based Biodegradable Copolyester Nanocomposites: Preparation, Characterization and Mechanical Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 380 ◽  
pp. 290-293
Author(s):  
Bing Tao Wang ◽  
Ping Zhang ◽  
De Gao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Different Characteristics

In situ melt copolycondensation was proposed to prepare biodegradable copolyester nanocomposites based on degradable components poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA), rigid segments poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), and nanoparticles polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS). The morphologies and dispersions of two POSS nanoparticles (POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG) in the copolyester PLABT matrix and their effects on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results demonstrated that the morphologies and dispersions of POSS-NH2 and POSS-PEG showed quite different characteristics. POSS-PEG took better dispersion in the PLABT, while POSS-NH2 had poor dispersions and formed crystalline microaggregates. Due to the good dispersion and strong interfacial adhesion of POSS-PEG with the matrix, the tensile strength and Young’s modulus were greatly improved from 6.4 and 9.6 MPa for neat PLABT up to 11.2 and 70.7 MPa for PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite. Moreover, the incorporation of POSS-PEG could impart macromolecular chains good flexibility and improve the mobility of the chains, so the the elongation at break of PLABT/POSS-PEG nanocomposite dramatically increased from 190 to 350 % compared with neat PLABT.

Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SiCp/AZ91 Mg Matrix Composites Fabricated by Squeeze Casting

2007 ◽  
Vol 546-549 ◽  
pp. 499-502
Author(s):  
X. Qiu ◽  
Xiao Jun Wang ◽  
Ming Yi Zheng ◽  
Kun Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Matrix Alloy ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Magnesium Matrix Composites ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Az91 Magnesium ◽  
Different Diameters

The fabrication processing, mechanical properties and fracture characters of SiCp/AZ91 magnesium matrix composites fabricated by squeeze casting were investigated. The SiC particles with different diameters (5μm, 20μm and 50μm) were employed as the reinforcement in the composites, the volume fraction of them was 50% in all cases. Experimental results showed that when the size of SiC particle decreased, the tensile properties of the composite increased. The tensile properties of SiCp/AZ91 composite with small particles are controlled by the properties of matrix alloy and the strength of the interface between the matrix and reinforcements, but the composites reinforced by large particles are controlled by the fracture of the particles.

rHDPE/Wood Fiber Composites: Effect of Maleic Anhydride on Tensile Properties and Morphology Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 695 ◽  
pp. 592-595
Author(s):  
M.P.M. Hanif ◽  
A.G. Supri ◽  
Firuz Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Fiber Loading ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of maleic anhydride as a coupling agent on the tensile properties and morphology of recycled high density polyethylene/wood fiber (rHDPE/WF) composites were studied. rHDPE/WF composites with different wood fiber loading and the addition of maleic anhydride were prepared with Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 160°C and rotor speed of 50 rpm. The result indicated that rHDPE/WFM composites with maleic anhydride exhibit higher tensile strength and modulus of elasticity than rHDPE/WF composites. rHDPE/WFM with maleic anhydride composites gave a better interfacial adhesion between the matrix and the fiber than rHDPE/WF composites as evidence using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Preparation of Polymer-Nanodiamond Composites with Improved Properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 275-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy V. Karbushev ◽  
Ivan I. Konstantinov ◽  
Irina L. Parsamyan ◽  
Valery G. Kulichikhin ◽  
Vladimir A. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Brinell Hardness ◽  
Detonation Nanodiamond ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Izod Impact

An efficient method is developed to achieve improved dispersion of detonation nanodiamond particles in amorphous thermoplastic matrices. For an estimation of the nanodiamond distribution in slices, a method of optical and transmission electron microscopy is used. The complex set of mechanical properties of polymer-nanodiamond composites is considered: tensile properties, Izod impact strength and Brinell hardness. It is found that the reinforcing and toughening effects of uniformly-dispersed nanoparticles on polymer matrices is pronounced at lower loading compared with traditional mixing procedure.

Simulation of Fragmentation Technique Using ANSYS Software

2015 ◽  
pp. 341-372
Author(s):  
Abdarazag Hassan ◽  
J. G. Alotaibi ◽  
A. Shalwan ◽  
B. F. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Chemical Concentration ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Fragmentation Test ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Synthetic Matrix

This chapter addresses the proposal of fragmentation test and its simulation using ANSYS software owing to understand the interfacial adhesion of natural fibre with synthetic matrix. Date palm fibres and epoxy materials are selected for the study. The influence of NaOH concentration and fibre diameter on the interfacial adhesion of the fibre with the epoxy are studied. The results indicated that the addition of the fibre to the matrix significantly improved the mechanical properties of the composites. However, an optimum value for the chemical concentration and the fibre diameters should be considered in developing such materials. High NaOH concentration deteriorates the tensile strength of the fibre. Meanwhile, low NaOH concentration exhibits poor interfacial adhesion.

Damages and Failure Features of Liquid Rubber-based Concrete in Statics Tension by 2D Dynamics Numerical Simulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigang Ai ◽  
Liqun Tang ◽  
Zejia Liu ◽  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Yiping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Optimization Methods ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Damage And Failure ◽  
Liquid Rubber ◽  
Strength Failure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Element Technique

The liquid rubber-based concrete is a new kind of concrete-like composite in which the matrix is the liquid rubber substituting the conventional cement mortar; the aggregate is also a stone with irregular shape and geometry. Such a new concrete not only has heterogeneous mesostructure, but also is a composite with two basic materials with significantly different mechanical properties. The damage and failure features under loading are keys for the further improvement of mechanical properties of the new material. In this article, the new concrete is modeled as a three-phase composite consisting of aggregate, liquid rubber matrix, and interface between the aggregate and the liquid rubber matrix. The interface is regarded as an independent material with given geometry and mechanical properties. The new material’s tensile properties were simulated dynamically in a condition of uniform displacement load on the tensile boundary and a deactivating element technique was used to deal with the failed elements. Special attention was paid to the influence of the loading rates and the properties (thickness, strength, failure strain) of the interfacial ‘material.’ Finally, the tensile properties of the new concrete were simulated successfully; the deformation and failure of the mesostructure of the new concrete were observed. The approaches will give some highlights to the optimization methods of the new concrete. Also, the numerical techniques for modeling, such kind of materials with strong heterogeneous mesostructure were recommended.

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