Studies on thermal and degradation kinetics of cellulose micro/nanoparticle filled polylactic acid (PLA) based nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112098717
Author(s):  
Achal Bhiogade ◽  
Murugasamy Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The aim of this work is to understand the effect of concentration of plasticizer, particle size and wt% of nanoparticles on nanocomposites by fabricating poly lactic acid (PLA) based bio-nanocomposites. The bio-nanocomposites were prepared by a solution casting method with PLA as the matrix, chloroform as solvent and poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as plasticizer. Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) were used as reinforcements in 1, 3 and 5 wt% to modify the properties of the bio-nanocomposite. The degradation kinetics of the PLA based composites were determined by using the Coats-Redfern equation over the range of 0-5 wt% of MCC and CNC. Fabricated PLA based composite films were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The analyses showed that the amount of PEG, MCC and CNC affected the degree of crystallinity. DSC results showed that the MCC/CNC content level affected the degree of crystallinity compared to neat PLA. The FTIR showed a free hydroxyl group (−OH) present in the system. The TGA analysis showed that the PLA/MCC3%/ PEG 10% composition had the highest stability compared to the other compositions but less than neat PLA.

scholarly journals Hemp Fibre Reinforced Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites

2007 ◽  
Vol 29-30 ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Sawpan ◽  
K.L. Pickering ◽  
Alan Fernyhough
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hemp Fibre ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Fibre Loading ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

The potential of hemp fibre as a reinforcing material for Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was investigated. Good interaction between hemp fibre and PLA resulted in increases of 100% for Young’s modulus and 30% for tensile strength of composites containing 30 wt% fibre. Different predictive ‘rule of mixtures’ models (e.g. Parallel, Series and Hirsch) were assessed regarding the dependence of tensile properties on fibre loading. Limited agreement with models was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that hemp fibre increased the degree of crystallinity in PLA composites.

scholarly journals Influence of the Lignin Content on the Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)/lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils Composite Films

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Yuan Jia ◽  
Zhen Liu ◽  
Jiaojiao Miao
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (L-CNFs) composite films with different lignin contents were produced bythe solution casting method. The effect of the lignin content on the mechanical, thermal, and crystallinity properties, and PLA/LCNFs interfacial adhesion wereinvestigated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The tensile strength and modulus of the PLA/9-LCNFs (9 wt % lignin LCNFs) composites are 37% and 61% higher than those of pure PLA, respectively. The glass transition temperature (Tg) decreases from 61.2 for pure PLA to 52.6 °C for the PLA/14-LCNFs (14 wt % lignin LCNFs) composite, and the composites have higher thermal stability below 380 °C than pure PLA. The DSC results indicate that the LCNFs, containing different lignin contents, act as a nucleating agent to increase the degree of crystallinity of PLA. The effect of the LCNFs lignin content on the PLA/LCNFs compatibility/adhesion was confirmed by the FTIR, SEM, and Tg results. Increasing the LCNFs lignin content increases the storage modulus of the PLA/LCNFs composites to a maximum for the PLA/9-LCNFs composite. This study shows that the lignin content has a considerable effect on the strength and flexibility of PLA/LCNFs composites.

Synthesis, Characterization and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(Dodecamethylene Terephthalamide)

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1894-1900
Author(s):  
Kai Feng Li ◽  
Peng Fu ◽  
Chuan Lin Liu ◽  
Qing Xiang Zhao ◽  
Min Ying Liu
Keyword(s):  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Aromatic Polyamide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

A kind of semi-aromatic polyamide, poly(dodecamethylene terephthalamide) (PA12T) was synthesized via a three-step reaction of terephthalic acid and 1,12-dodecanediamine. The structure of the prepared PA12T was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The thermal behaviour of PA12T was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Melting temperature (Tm), glass transition temperature (Tg) and decomposition temperature (Td) of PA12T are 311°C, 144°C and 429°C, respectively. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA12T have been investigated in the temperature range of 270-280°C using DSC. The activation energies (ΔE) were determined to be -170.4 kJ/mol for the isothermal crystallization processes by the Arrhenius’ methods.

scholarly journals Effect of Poling on the Mechanical Properties of β-Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 951-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Costa ◽  
Vitor Sencadas ◽  
João F. Mano ◽  
Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Direction Parallel ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

In this work, mechanical and thermal experimental techniques have been applied in order to relate the mechanical response with the microscopic variations of the material. Stress-strain results along the main directions of β-poly(vinylidene fluoride), β-PVDF, in poled and non-poled samples enables to investigate the influence of the poling process on the mechanical response of the material. Further, differential scanning calorimetry experiments allow the investigation of the effect of poling in the degree of crystallinity of the material as well as on the stability of the crystalline phase. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the kinetics of the thermal degradation of poled and non-poled β-PVDF samples. The differences observed between the two materials suggest that the poling affects the mechanical properties of the material especially in the direction parallel to the polymeric chains and originates changes at a molecular level that remain beyond the melting of the material.

Blending and plasticising effects on the behaviour of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesrine Khitas ◽  
Kamira Aouachria ◽  
Mohamed Tahar Benaniba
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Triethyl Citrate ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity

Polymer blending is one of the most convenient methods to be used to overcome the limitations of some single properties of polymers and to achieve the combinations required for specific applications. Another feasible common practice is the incorporation of additives of low molecular weight such as plasticisers to impart flexibility, improve toughness and lower the glass transition temperature ( Tg). This study focused on the effects of blending and plasticising on the crystallisation behaviour of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). PCL with longer degradation time compared with other polymers was blended with PLA to overcome the limitation of its brittleness and poor thermal stability. Acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and acetyl triethyl citrate (TEC) were used as plasticiser in PLA/PCL blends. The rigid and plasticised blends at various ratios were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The results revealed a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity and a significant increase in the Tg of PLA due to the addition of PCL. The addition of ATBC has promoted a decrease in thermal stability of the blends. The slight increase in the degree of crystallinity suggested that PCL acted as a nucleating agent. The citrate plasticisers were shown to lower the Tg and have much more enhanced the crystallisation of PLA. Moreover, the rigid and plasticised blends were shown to be partially miscible.

scholarly journals Nonisothermal Cold Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(lactic acid)/Bacterial Poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO)/Talc

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1266-1278
Author(s):  
Omaima Alhaddad ◽  
Safaa H. El-Taweel ◽  
Yasser Elbahloul
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crystallization Kinetics ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Cold Crystallization ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractThe effects of bacterial poly(hydroxyoctanoate) (PHO) and talc on the nonisothermal cold crystallization behaviours of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the thermal stability of the samples was observed with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The modified Avrami’s model was used to describe the nonisothermal cold crystallization kinetics of neat PLA and its blends. The activation energies E for nonisothermal cold crystallization were calculated by the isoconversional method of Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). The DSC results showed that the PLA/PHO blends were immiscible in the whole studied range, and as the PHO and talc content increased, the crystallization rate of PLA accelerated, and the crystallinity of PLA in the PLA samples increased. The values of the Avrami exponent indicated that the nonisothermal cold crystallization of the neat PLA and its blends exhibited heterogeneous, three-dimensional spherulitic growth. The E values were strongly dependent on PHO and talc. The TGA results showed that the presence of PHO and talc slightly influenced the thermal stability of PLA.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Study on Mechanical Property and Strength of New Green Sand (Poly Lactic Acid) as Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Concrete Mix

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Arun Y. Patil ◽  
N. R. Banapurmath ◽  
Sumukh E. P. ◽  
Manojkumar V. Chitawadagi ◽  
T. M. Yunus Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Elastic Recovery ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Commercial Market

Polylactic acid (PLA) has made inroads in the commercial market segment with many unique characteristics. To list a few, such as tenacity, low flame rate, moisture regain percentage, loss of ignition percentage, combustion heat, UV resistance, elastic recovery, and higher melting point, make PLA a predominant material in the commercial market. This study is an attempt to test the feasibility of PLA’s mechanical property and strength aspects with cement mix. An article published on biodegradability aspects backed up by the essential preliminary strength and physical test results is discussed in detail in this manuscript. The work focuses on the multi-scale study along with mechanical properties and strengths to evaluate the elemental characteristics. Thermo gravimetric analysis revealed that PLA would hold inclusion into construction applications either in granular form or filament. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) found that PLA in filament form is the best inclusion material for construction applications. However, fiber’s tenacity has to be checked, as currently available filaments in the market do not have high tenacity value. From EDX(Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) reports, 30% inclusion of PLA as a replacement for fine aggregate has constituent members as Calcium carbonate(CaCO3), Silica(SiO2), and Wollastonite (CaK) resulted in the best composition among the rest. FESEM images revealed that proper gradation in size, PLA granular form’s rough surface, or filament form would enhance the mechanical/physical behavior or even PLA’s chemical behavior.

Processing and MWNT Composition Effects on the Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Properties of PLA-MWNT Composites

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza R. Rizvi ◽  
Jae K. Kim ◽  
Hani E. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Electrical Percolation

This paper investigates the processing and its effects and the effect of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT) composition on the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA)-MWNT composites. The composite films were prepared by a solvent casting process using two solvents, chloroform and 1,4-dioxane. The dispersion of the MWNTs in PLA was examined using a scanning electron microscope and was found to be more improved when 1,4-dioxane was used as the solvent as compared to chloroform. The thermal characteristics of the composites were examined on Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermo-gravimetric Analysis. Composites prepared using 1,4-dioxane had greater improvements in composite decomposition temperature, glass transition temperature and displayed faster crystallization kinetics. The mechanical properties of the composites were tested in uniaxial tension. Composites prepared using chloroform had a lower modulus than composites prepared using 1,4-dioxane. The electrical AC conductivity of the composites was measured over a broad frequency spectrum. Composites prepared using 1,4-dioxane displayed electrical percolation at 0.5 wt.% MWNT in PLA while percolation was absent in 0.5 wt.% MWNT composites prepared using chloroform.

scholarly journals Highly Stretchable and Flexible Melt Spun Thermoplastic Conductive Yarns for Smart Textiles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2324
Author(s):  
G. M. Nazmul Islam ◽  
Stewart Collie ◽  
Muhammad Qasim ◽  
M. Azam Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Highly Stretchable

This study demonstrates a scalable fabrication process for producing biodegradable, highly stretchable and wearable melt spun thermoplastic polypropylene (PP), poly(lactic) acid (PLA), and composite (PP:PLA = 50:50) conductive yarns through a dip coating process. Polydopamine (PDA) treated and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) coated conductive PP, PLA, and PP/PLA yarns generated electric conductivity of 0.75 S/cm, 0.36 S/cm and 0.67 S/cm respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the interactions among the functional groups of PP, PLA, PP/PLA, PDA, and PEDOT:PSS. The surface morphology of thermoplastic yarns was characterized by optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The mechanical properties of yarns were also assessed, which include tensile strength (TS), Young’s modulus and elongation at break (%). These highly stretchable and flexible conductive PP, PLA, and PP/PLA yarns showed elasticity of 667%, 121% and 315% respectively. The thermal behavior of yarns was evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). Wash stability of conductive yarns was also measured. Furthermore, ageing effect was determined to predict the shelf life of the conductive yarns. We believe that these highly stretchable and flexible PEDOT:PSS coated conductive PP, PLA, and PP/PLA composite yarns fabricated by this process can be integrated into textiles for strain sensing to monitor the tiny movement of human motion.

scholarly journals Thermal and Mechanical Studies of Biofiller/Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate Biocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 302-310
Author(s):  
Evgeniy G. Kiselev ◽  
Andrew P. Kuzmin ◽  
Ivan V. Nemtsev
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyester Resins ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Physical Mixtures

Biodegradable poly-3-hydroxybutyrate [P(3HB)] and birch wood flour (as filler) were used to prepare powdered blends and then pellets and granules. Pellets were produced by cold pressing of polymer and filler powders; granules were produced from the powders wetted with ethanol. The properties of the initial P(3HB) and filler and the blends thereof were studied using IR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis, and electron microscopy. No chemical bonds between the components were revealed; the blends were physical mixtures. The degree of crystallinity of the blends was lower than that of the initial polymer, suggesting different crystallization kinetics of the blends. The introduction of increasing amounts of filler into the polymer progressively decreased the mechanical strength of the pellets, as confirmed by a decrease in Young’s modulus. The resulting composite, based on biodegradable polymers and wood flour, is a promising nontoxic material for the production of wood-based panels for the construction industry and the manufacture of furniture in place of materials produced using toxic polyester resins

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document