scholarly journals Analysis of Brand Resonance Measures to Access, Dimensionality, Reliability and Validity

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Ramchandra Raut ◽  
Pedro Quelhas Brito ◽  
Prafulla Arjun Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Brand Resonance

The aim of the present study is to analyze brand resonance measures to assess reliability, dimensionality and validity using existing models of brand resonance. This study is based on a mixed approach of research methodology, using qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative approach, we use expert interview and focus group discussion tools. In the quantitative approach, a corporate survey was conducted and 560 responses were collected through a structured questionnaire. The analysis is performed using statistical scaling tools such as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). This study initiated scale extraction and operationalization processes for 72 observed variables to measure nine latent variables and obtained 34 statistically extracted observed variables. The study provides a reliable and validated means to measure brand resonance constructs. The study develops a brand resonance scale, which can help brand managers to measure consumers’ levels of brand resonance, in order to describe the strength of the bond of their consumer with their brand(s). This study develops empirically extracted measures of brand resonance, making it distinctive in the branding literature. The study also ensures all important aspects of measurement scale, such as validity and reliability.

Workplace friendship in hospitality organizations: a scale development

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 1390-1411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ece Omuris
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Workplace Friendship ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Hospitality Organizations ◽  
Interest Similarity

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore workplace friendship in hospitality organizations and to develop an appropriate scale that combines qualitative and quantitative methods.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-methods design was selected to capitalize on the strength of both qualitative and quantitative approaches to reveal robust findings. First, in-depth interviews were carried out to determine the forms of workplace friendship. Second, an instrument was developed on the basis of the interviews, and 6 factors were extracted from exploratory factor analysis with 507 Samples-1. Third, confirmatory factor analysis with 507 Samples-2 was performed to identify the validity of the workplace friendship scale.FindingsA 65-item, six-factor workplace friendship scale was developed. The six dimensions are trustworthiness, competency, having someone’s back, value-life interest similarity, caring personal relationships and socio-cultural similarity.Research limitations/implicationsThe sampling approach may limit the generalizability of the study findings as the data were collected from Turkish employees in Turkey. Cultural differences in individual relations may affect individual approaches to workplace friendship. Therefore, future cross-cultural research with samples from different populations and workplaces would be useful to explore similarities and differences with the findings of this study and to better understand the intricate structure of friendship.Originality/valueThis study contributes a reliable and valid measurement scale to address workplace friendship hospitality organizations.

scholarly journals The Construct and Measurement of Perceived Risk of Nonremunerated Blood Donation: Evidence from the Chinese Public

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangyong Chen ◽  
Zujun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
Chinese Public

The perceived risk of nonremunerated blood donation (NRBD) is one of the most important factors which hinder the Chinese public from donating blood. To understand deeply and measure scientifically the public’s perceived risk of NRBD, in this paper the qualitative and quantitative methods were used to explore the construct of perceived risk of NRBD in Chinese context. Firstly, the preliminary construct of perceived risk of NRBD was developed based on the grounded theory. Then, a measurement scale of perceived risk of NRBD was designed. Finally, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were adopted for testing and verifying the construct. The results show that the construct of perceived risk of NRBD has three core dimensions, namely, trust risk, psychological risk, and health risk, which provides a clear construct and concise scale to better capture the Chinese public’s perceived risk of NRBD. Blood collection agencies can strategically make polices about perceived risk reduction to maximize the public’s NRBD behavior.

scholarly journals The Chinese Assessment of physical literacy: Based on Grounded Theory Paradigm for children in grades 3-6

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang YongKang ◽  
Fu QianQian
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Physical Literacy ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

The aim of this study is to construct and validate “physical literacy self-assessment questionnaire” (PLAQ) for Chinese students in grades 3-6. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods to construct evaluation indicators of PL and determine the weights of each indicator. The 60 items of original PLAQ was based on literature review and interviews, and administered to 1179 primary students graded 3-6 in China. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are used to optimize the structure and verify the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The model of PLAQ is composed of 4 first-level indicators, 10 second-level indicators and 35 third-level indicators. The results of EFA and CFA resulted in a 44-items, 4-factor questionnaire. EFA item loadings ranged from 0.558 to 0.896, and Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.818 to 0.892. The results of CFA show that the constructed model fits well, and PLAQ has good convergent validity and discriminative validity. The PLAQ appeared to be reliable and valid that can be used as an assessment tool for students in grades 3-6. PLAQ can be used as a guide for the development of PL. Additionally, PLAQ gives us a shared understanding about what PL is and how it can be developed by Chinese children. However, studies on the accuracy and generalizability of the PLAQ should be conducted to improve it in the future.

Identifying organizational agility and leadership dimensions using Delphi technique and factor analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Sanatigar ◽  
Mehraban Hadi Peikani ◽  
Daryoosh Gholamzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Organizational Agility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Expert Opinions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the organizational agility components and factors in Iranian’s pension funds as an example of service organizations in the public sector. Design/methodology/approach This study can be categorized in the realm of developmental studies as to its research purposes, and employed the descriptive survey method to collect data using the combination of both qualitative and quantitative methods (exploratory mixed-method design). Findings Finally, a three-level model of organizational agility construct (modeled as 6 components, 23 factors, and 83 indicators) was analyzed and confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis by means of the smart PLS software. Overall, this study provided a new method for the analysis, measurement and development of organizational agility construct in public service organizations in Iran. Originality/value Through using text content analysis and opinion of experts (interviews and Delphi technique), qualitative data were extracted to design an organizational agility model, whereas quantitative data were obtained through a questionnaire to test the model. To determine the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, expert opinions and Cronbach’s α (0.977) were used, respectively.

scholarly journals Ethical Leadership Measures for Public Service in Sri Lanka

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
A.T. Wijesekera ◽  
R. Lalitha S. Fernando
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Ethical Guidance

A lack of concern on ethics in public administration may be considered the biggest barrier to quality service delivery. Many efforts have been made to promote ethical standards between public servants. Among those efforts, improving leadership skills can prove to be effective in promoting ethics in public service (Hart 2001).Therefore, ethical leadership behavior is very vital as that ensures ethical guidance. In order to identify the ethical leadership behavior of the public sector, customized measures are essential. This study describes the process of development of a 30-item instrument for measuring ethical leadership behavior in the public service with reference to Divisional Secretariats in Sri Lanka. According to Hinkin's (1998) recommendations in items generating both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilized. First observed the articles which were published related to ethical leadership and examined to find items and dimensions. A focus group discussion was conducted with 20 in-depth interviews to generate additional items to determine whether additional dimensions of ethical leadership would emerge. Based on these two steps, the researcher found 30-items with five dimensions. They were fairness, employee orientation, role clarification, integrity and ethical guidance. These 30-items were included in a questionnaire and a quantitative study was undertaken with 100 respondents employed in the Divisional Secretariats within Gampatha District. Reliability test and factor analysis were used to ensure reliability and validity of this measures. Finally, these 30-items were loaded to four dimensions. Such as people orientation, integrity, ethical guidance and role clarification.

scholarly journals Implementation of Inclusive Child Friendly Primary Schools Policy in Nyandarua County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-32
Author(s):  
Daniel Kirogo Wahungu ◽  
Ibrahim Oanda ◽  
Violet Wawire
Keyword(s):  
Primary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Child Friendly ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policy And Suggestion ◽  
Descriptive Survey

The main problem addressed by this study was the implementation of inclusive child friendly primary schools policy in Nyandarua County. The Inclusive Child Friendly Schools (CFS) policy has become the vehicle through which the government is providing quality education for all children in school by creating a learning environment where all children can learn, all children want to learn, and all children feel included in the classrooms and schools. However, studies show that the conditions in schools are not adequately adapted to accommodate the diversity of learners and even many more children of school going age are left out of school. These challenges generated the objectives of the study which were to examine the practice in public primary schools in line with the inclusive CFS policy and suggestion of appropriate strategies for implementation of inclusive CFS in public primary schools. To achieve this, the study utilized a descriptive survey using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data collection instruments entailed questionnaires, interview schedule, focus group discussions, observation schedule and document analysis which were first piloted to improve validity and reliability and the accruing data was then analyzed thematically as per the study objectives. The findings of the study indicated that there was a substantial gap between CFS policy expectations and its actual day to day practice in the schools. Schools had the CFS messages engraved but had not made a significant alteration in the line with the policy. From these study findings, the paper presented several policy recommendations including adopting CFS policy to internal contexts so that individual schools look for ways of developing and utilizing selfassessment indicators of CFS at the school levels. Though the area of CFS is relatively new, it was hoped the study could shed light on the way forward for inclusive child friendly school programme in Kenya.

scholarly journals THE DIFFUSION OF VALUE EDUCATION MODEL IN EARLY CHILDHOOD THROUGH TRADITIONAL SONGS AND GAMES

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Mami Hajaroh ◽  
Rukiyati Rukiyati ◽  
Joko Pamungkas
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Traditional Songs ◽  
Early Childhood Learning

This study was aimed at diffusing the value education model through traditional songs and games for kindergarten teachers in Yogyakarta. This model is an early childhood learning innovation for value education. Diffusion research is a study to disseminate models to teachers; therefore the research subjects were kindergarten teachers. The subject of this study in Kindergarten Schools in DIY included 15 kindergarten schools in Bantul, Sleman, Kulonprogo, Bantul and Yogyakarta city regencies involving 32 teachers. The data were gathered using focus group discussions and questionnaires. The data then analyzed using mixed descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. This study proves that the model of value education in early childhood through traditional songs and games has five characteristics as innovations which have the advantages of relative, compatibility, complexity, can be tested and can be observed. In addition, in the process of disseminating to the teacher through five stages of diffusion, namely: knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, and confirmation. Teachers also tend to use traditional songs and games to inculcate religious values which are the school's peculiarities.DIFUSI MODEL PENDIDIKAN NILAI PADA ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI LAGU DAN PERMAINAN TRADISIONALPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendifusikan model pendidikan nilai melalui lagu dan permainan (dolanan) tradisional pada guru taman kanak-kanak ‘Aisyiyah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Model ini merupakan inovasi pembelajaran anak usia dini untuk pendidikan nilai. Penelitian difusi merupakan penelitian untuk menyebarluaskan model kepada para guru; oleh karena itu subyek penelitian adalah guru taman kanak-kanak. Subjek penelitian ini di Sekolah Taman Kanak-kanak di DIY meliputi 15 sekolah Taman-Kanak-kanak di Kabupaten Bantul, Sleman, Kulonprogo, Bantul dan Kota Yogyakarta melibatkan 32 orang guru. Pengumpulan data menggunakan focus group discussion dan kuisioner. Analisis data secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa model pendidikan nilai pada anak usia dini melalui lagu dan dolanan memiliki lima karakterisik sebagai inovasi yakni memiliki keunggulan relative, kompatibilitas, kompleksitas, dapat diujicoba dan dapat diamati. Selain itu dalam proses penyebarluasan kepada guru melewati lima tahap difusi yakni: pengetahuan, persuasi, keputusan, implementasi, dan konfirmasi. Guru juga cenderung menggunakan lagu dan permainan tradisional untuk menanamkan nilai-nilai keagamaan yang merupakan kekhasan sekolah.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version Emotional Self-efficacy Scale for Young Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Zahra Mohammadi ◽  
◽  
Zohreh Meshkati ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
School Students ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Persian Version

Background: The present research aimed at determining the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Emotional Self-Efficiency Scale (ESES) for adolescents of Isfahan city. This study was conducted using a developmental research method. The statistical population consisted of all the first-grade high school students of Isfahan city in 2018 (n=59396). Methods: A total number of 280 students (160 girls and 120 boys, mean±SD age of 12.98±1.14) were selected using a stratified random sampling method, and completed ESES for adolescents (2015), as well as Self-Efficacy Questionnaire for Children (2001). Results: An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) revealed the four-factor structure of ESES. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) also confirmed the fit of the four-factor structure of the scale. The results of the within-group correlation coefficient were obtained to investigate the acceptable test-retest reliability. The results of the correlation between the above-mentioned scale and SEQ-C instrument was also significant (P<0.05). Moreover, ESES and its dimensions had proper reliability over time. The reliability obtained by Cronbach’s alpha for all four dimensions of the questionnaire, given the number of items, was higher than 0.5 for each dimension and higher than 0.7 for the whole scale, which was acceptable. Conclusion: These findings indicate the acceptable validity and reliability of ESES for Isfahan’s adolescents, and its validity and reliability should be investigated in broader research on Iranian children and adolescents.

scholarly journals A Composite Index to Measure Smartness and Competitiveness of Heritage Tourism Destination and Historic Building

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13135
Author(s):  
Maysa Ali Selim ◽  
Noura Anwar Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Yasmine Sabry Hegazi
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Investment Opportunities ◽  
High Level ◽  
Critical Intervention

The key issue of this current study is related to shaping the attractiveness of heritage destinations, highlighting the significance of reuse and upgrading their historical buildings to achieve a high level of competitiveness and distinctiveness through a smart approach. Some of these cultural assets and events tend to be monotonous, and not so attractive for various categories of tourists, which negatively affects investment opportunities, tourism development, and social and economic resources. Furthermore, previous works have criticized the lack of evidence to support that the structure contains critical attributes and measurement items linked to the competitiveness of smart heritage destinations. As a result, this study aims to design and develop a composite index for evaluating these destinations and their buildings, which includes nine dimensions (attributes) and a set of key performance indicators (KPIs) of intelligent performance and competitiveness, reflecting the combination and noticing the distinct perspective between them. A mixed-methods approach was used between qualitative and quantitative methods to perform content validation on the proposed index. Furthermore, a pilot study was implemented for tourism heritage destinations to improve the quality and efficiency of the proposed index. Then, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to analyze the data to develop the proposed index and measure its validity and reliability. Finally, the proposed composite index was finalized with 139 KPIs and applied to a case study (Salah El-Din Citadel). After that, we validated its utility in providing a quantitative evaluation of this heritage destination, identifying critical intervention priorities, and determining dimensions that need to be restructured. Additionally, it highlighted recommendations for future improvements to strengthen these heritage destinations to become smart heritage destinations capable of competition in the tourism sector.

The assessment of perceived information pollution in banking sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qaisar Iqbal ◽  
Siti Hasnah Hassan ◽  
Noor Hazlina Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Information Quality ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relationship Of

Infollution management is a substantial dilemma in this century. There is lacking empirical evidence about infollution management. Perceived infollution has been explored based on information quality. This study aims to identify the factors of perceived infollution (information pollution) and validate those factors using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Researchers have personally collected data from employees of the banking sector. Factor analysis was performed to explore the factors using Statistical Package for the Social Science, and CFA was conducted to check the reliability, validity, and the model fitness in SmartPLS. The scale developed in this study has exhibited high values of reliability and validity and ensured the presence of both discriminant validity and convergent validity. The newly developed scale of perceived infollution provides a basis for most of the academicians and researchers to empirically investigate the relationship of perceived infollution with individual’s performance and organizational effectiveness, which is considered an important area of interest among the academic researchers in recent years. Extent literature review suggests that it is the first study conducted to develop measurement scale of perceived infollution (information pollution).

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