Mutual aid for the arts in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Milan: The ‘Pio Istituto Teatrale’

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 602-624
Author(s):  
Mariarita Pierotti ◽  
Alessandro Capocchi ◽  
Paola Orlandini
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Theatre Arts ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

In the nineteenth century, when the theatre arts were at their peak, Milan was considered the intellectual and artistic capital of Italy. This article explores the objectives and the functioning of an important mutual aid company based in Milan – the Pio Istituto Teatrale – through its accounting system. These accounting documents clearly convey the dual nature of this organization, which was dedicated to protecting both social welfare and the arts. This study confirms the social role of accounting and its implications. In recent years, the attention paid to accounting in artistic institutions has been increasing. However, while many studies have explored Italian mutual aid societies in general, few have considered those in the artistic field specifically. This article attempts to rectify this oversight by examining a mutual aid society functioning in the world of theatre via its accounting records.

Dislocation as method

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
David MacDougall
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Data ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Questions

Research in the sciences, including the social sciences, is usually supposed to be conducted in a systematic way, working from research questions to the gathering of empirical data, to conclusions. But in an analogy drawn from the art of fencing, the author argues for an alternative approach in visual anthropology. Films look at the world differently from the ways we conventionally see, and these differences have optical, social, and structural origins. To overcome these differences, filmmakers may have to voluntarily ‘dislocate’ themselves in order to put themselves in a position to view their subject from a different perspective, and so uncover new knowledge. The argument is supported by a discussion of the realities of ethnographic fieldwork, the processes of filmmaking, and the role of play and improvisation in the arts and other human endeavours.

Technology’s Retreat: The Decline of Rural Telephony in The United States, 1920-1940

1987 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-327
Author(s):  
Claude S. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Technology Diffusion ◽  
Social Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
The Social

One million fewer American farms had telephones in 1940 than in 1920; the instrument was disconnected in at least a third of the farm homes that once had it. Knowing how and why this “devolution” (Mattingly and Aspbury, 1985) occurred can expand our understanding of the social role of technology, diffusion of innovation, and more generally, twentieth-century modernization in America.

scholarly journals EWALUACJA ROLI SPOŁECZNEJ NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA NIEMIECKIEGO W KONTEKŚCIE ZABURZENIA STABILIZACJI ZAWODOWEJ

Neofilolog ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 227-247
Author(s):  
Ewa Papierz-Łapsa
Keyword(s):  
Technological Progress ◽  
Role Model ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
World Culture ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Changing Role

In an era of dynamically changing socio-economics and technological progress, many aspects of school education are being transformed. Teachers are required to be professional in the form of a demand for increasingly higher professional qualifications and competences, but are also required to fulfil specific social roles. These new determinants of the functioning of education create difficulties in the construction of the teacher's identity because the changes which are being introduced disturb professional stability and cause fears about the future. The challenge is to try to answer universal questions about the professional identity of the teacher, the ability to combine an exceptional sense of service, vocation and mission. This situation affects teachers of German and other foreign languages (FL). The aim of this paper is to show how teachers of German as a FL perceive the changing school and how they assess the educational process that they co-create. Through biographical interviews, analyzed within the framework of Rubacha’s social role model (2000), an attempt is made to answer the question of how the social role of German teachers is changing as a result of the educational reform initiated in 2017 and what dilemmas are being caused by the changing role of the teacher. Statements from participants of the study will be presented that illustratethe disorder of stabilization of the profession, which results in a critical attitude to the changing situation in school, a disturbed attitude to the world, culture and other people. Impairment of the professional stabilization of German teachers is viewed in the context of the concept of their social role.

scholarly journals Changing the World Through Poetry: Confessions, Poems and Banners of Adam Borzič

Porównania ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Markéta Kittlová
Keyword(s):  
Turning Point ◽  
Social Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong Current ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

This study focuses on Adam Borzič, one of the most distinctive contemporary Czech poets. The study contextualises his work within current Czech poetry but also examines his other work that is not strictly classified as art as though it were cultural work with avant-garde features. It investigates four volumes of Borzič’s work in terms of the changes in the author’s creative gesture, which expands from his conviction that the world is at a turning point and the avant-garde longing to change the world by poetry. In the four volumes of Borzič’s poetry (written so far), this gesture is embodied through delicately intimate, acutely physical, or even gigantically all-embracing positions, where he employs motives of the heart, head, hand and mouth. The study attempts to evaluate the change in Borzič’s work in the lightof T. S. Eliot’s understanding of the social role of poetry and avant-garde longing to change reality through art. The Czech poet, Adam Borzič, is one of the most distinctive figures of the current Czech literary scene. His poetry is distinct because of its unique gesture andalso represents a strong current in the poetry production of the past decade with its emphasis on the social function of poetry7 and the poet’s role as somebody who should nurture the world through his/her work or even change it. This study attempts to portray Borzič’s work as focused on the mentioned topics and related issues of the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century and renew interest in them, contextualise his work within current Czech poetry but also investigate his other work, which is not strictly artistic but which possesses some avant-garde features.

Neoclassical Modernity

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Late Ottoman

This chapter details the engagement of Iraqi poets with the Arab Nahda of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It provides a brief account of the social role of poetry in late Ottoman Iraq and a survey of the neoclassical poetry revival in Egypt and Syria. The chapter shows how Iraqi poets used the Nahda press to articulate their own relationship to modernity and reveals how new appreciations of the singularity of Iraq’s poetry tradition inspired proto-nationalist conceptions of Iraqi culture. Finally, the chapter examines the efforts of a new generation of young Najafi poets to promote the pioneering role of their own Najafi predecessors and reconstruct the historiography of the Arab Nahda for a broader Arab audience in the early twentieth century.

scholarly journals ‘A Wicked Operation’? Tonsillectomy in Twentieth-Century Britain

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Dwyer-Hemmings
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Discourse ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

Histories of twentieth-century surgery have focused on surgical ‘firsts’ – dramatic tales of revolutionary procedures. The history of tonsillectomy is less glamorous, but more widespread, representing the experience and understanding of medicine for hundreds of children, parents and surgeons daily. At the start of the twentieth century, tonsillectomy was routine – performed on at least 80 000 schoolchildren each year in Britain. However, by the 1980s, public and professional discourse condemned the operation as a ‘dangerous fad’. This profound shift in the medical, political and social position of tonsillectomy rested upon several factors: changes in the organisation of medical institutions and national health care; changes in medical technologies and the criteria by which they are judged; the political, cultural and economic context of Britain; and the social role of the patient. Tonsillectomy was not a mere passive subject of external influences, but became a potent concept in medical, political, and social discourse. Therefore, it reciprocally influenced these discourses and subsequently the development of twentieth-century British medicine. These complex interactions between ‘medical’ and ‘non-medical’ spheres question the possibility of demarcating what is internal from what is external to medicine.

scholarly journals The Role Of Islamic Banks In Yemen In Supporting Microfinance Institutions

IKONOMIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Abobakr Ramadhan Salem Al-Harethi
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Financial System

Islamic banks become the best solution to the crisis of the global financial system at present.in addition, it  become  also a real player in dealing with economic crises and the financial complexities of the traditional banking system prevailing in the world today. moreover, countries and governments in both developed and developing countries have become increasingly interested in the issue of microfinance because of their close association with the development in various countries and may be interested in supporting countries and governments for microfinance by enacting the necessary laws and legislation. And the establishment of institutions and bodies specialized in financing and support these microfinance in addition to the microfinance in many developed countries have become a specialty taught in universities and specialized institutes. Scientific seminars and conferences are held in order to support and develop it so that it achieves the objectives set for it and thus meets the aspirations of society in development. This study focus on the role of Islamic banks that can play an active and influential role in generating wealth and reducing poverty through financing for Microfinance institutions where the study showed the social role of the nature of contracts in Islamic banks through which Islamic banks can be the best in Microfinance. Keywords : Islamic banks, Microfinance institutions, Yemen

scholarly journals social role of Islam in the context of justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (Extra-B) ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Nurmagomed Omarovich Ismailov
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
World Religions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

The article examines the social role of Islam as one of the world religions in the context of the concept of justice. The length of the article does not allow a detailed study of all the possible functions of Islam; it is limited to the study of some particular aspects of the functions performed by Islam. The article is aimed at analyzing the social role of Islam in the context of justice. The investigation of the functions performed by Islam in relation to public life and human activity requires its understanding from the point of view of justice. In this case, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the functions of Islam as a specific religion and the functions of organizations representing Islam. Islam is capable of both strengthening relations in a particular society, helping a person overcome life difficulties, and distracting a person from his pressing problems, directing his energy into an illusory channel.

scholarly journals A MEDIAÇÃO DA LEITURA LITERÁRIA: UMA PROPOSTA DE METODOLOGIA TEMÁTICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-100
Author(s):  
Suéllen Pereira Miotto Lourenço ◽  
Maria Amélia Dalvi
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Family Relations ◽  
Paulo Freire ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Literary Reading ◽  
Carlos Drummond De Andrade ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World

O artigo aborda teoricamente o papel social da literatura, se oportunizada sua apreciação estética; defende que, assim, a experiência com o texto literário torna-se concreta e a mediação do professor permite ao educando experienciar o mundo por meio da palavra. Ancoradas em noções conceituais bakhtinianas e nas reflexões sobre a literatura e a leitura de Antonio Candido e Paulo Freire, tematizamos a promoção de uma leitura literária dialógica e apresentaremos possibilidades de exploração do texto literário a partir de uma experiência de leitura e análise de obras que se aproximam tematicamente. Para tal, selecionamos dois livros: Boitempo, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, e Minha vida de menina, de Helena Morley. Discorreremos a respeito de como se constroem as relações familiares no contexto de cada obra (o que servirá de exemplo do que denominamos como metodologia temática), destacando o importante papel do professor como mediador nesse processo que visa à formação de sujeito leitor crítico e consciente de seu papel social. Palavras-chave: Leitura. Literatura. Leitura literária. Mediação. Texto literário. MEDIATION OF LITERARY READING: A PROPOSAL OF THEMATIC METHODOLOGY Abstract: This paper theoretically addresses the social role of aesthetically appreciated literature; it argues that this experience with the literary text becomes concrete and teacher's mediation allows the learner to experience the world through words. Anchored on Bakhtin’s conceptual notions and Antonio Candido’s and Paulo Freire’s reflections on literature and reading, we discuss the promotion of a dialogical literary reading and present possibilities of exploration of literary texts based on an experience of reading and analyses of works that are thematically related. For that, we selected two books: Boitempo, by Carlos Drummond de Andrade, and Minha vida de menina, by Helena Morley. We discuss how family relations are constructed in the context of each work (which will serve as an example of what we call thematic methodology), highlighting the important role of the teacher as a mediator in this process that aims at the formation of a critical and conscious reader who is aware of his or her social role. Keywords: Reading. Literature. Literary reading. Mediation. Literary text.

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