Performance evaluation and comparison of a serial–parallel hybrid multichamber piezoelectric pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1995-2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhonghua Zhang ◽  
Song Chen ◽  
Shuyun Wang ◽  
Junwu Kan ◽  
Jianming Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Actuation Frequency ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
In Series ◽  
Chamber Pump ◽  
Dependent Flow

To improve the output capability of piezoelectric pumps, researchers have made an attempt to combine multiple single-chamber pumps either in series or in parallel. In this article, a serial–parallel hybrid multichamber piezoelectric pump is presented. The novel serial–parallel hybrid multichamber piezoelectric pump structure is characterized by the simultaneous occurrence of serial/parallel forms through a combination of synchronous and asynchronous modes of piezoelectric actuators. Moreover, the pump can be operated in multiple working modes to obtain the desired chamber volume and number through different serial–parallel configurations. The performance characteristics of the pump with various serial–parallel hybrid combinations were experimentally investigated and evaluated using a quintuple-chamber pump at 90 V with a frequency range of 60–400 Hz. Experimental results showed that the characteristics in terms of flow rate and backpressure changed significantly with different serial–parallel modes. Nevertheless, the backpressure presented very similar characteristics for the serial–parallel hybrid multichamber piezoelectric pump with the same number of in-phase parallel actuators. Meanwhile, the frequency-dependent flow rate characteristics were approximately similar for those pumps with symmetric serial–parallel combinations. It was found that the flow rate and backpressure mainly depended on the actuation frequency and serial–parallel modes, respectively. Compared with the quintuple-chamber pump with full out-of-phase actuators, the maximum powers of the serial–parallel hybrid multichamber piezoelectric pump with two, three, four, and five in-phase actuators were decreased by 21.1%, 51.4%, 77.7%, and 94.4%, respectively.

scholarly journals Study of a Fuel Supply Pump with a Piezoelectric Effect for Microdirect Alcohol Fuel Cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Hsiao-Kang Ma ◽  
Jyun-Sheng Wang ◽  
Wei-Yang Cheng ◽  
Shin-Han Huang
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Injection System ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Ethanol Injection ◽  
Piezoelectric Device ◽  
Pump Chamber ◽  
Chamber Volume ◽  
Alcohol Fuel

A novel design for an ethanol injection system has been proposed, which consists of one pump chamber, two valves, and one central-vibrating piezoelectric device. The system uses a microdiaphragm pump with a piezoelectric device for microdirect alcohol fuel cells. The diameters of the pump chamber are 31 mm and 23 mm, and the depths of the chamber are 1 mm and 2 mm. When the piezoelectric device actuates for changing pump chamber volume, the valves will be opened/closed, and the ethanol will be delivered into DAFC system due to the pressure variation. The chamber dimensions, vibrating frequencies of the piezoelectric device, and valve thickness are used as important parameters for the performance of the novel ethanol injection system. The experimental results show that the ethanol flow rate can reach 170 mL/min at a vibrating frequency of 75 Hz. In addition, the ethanol flow rate is higher than the water flow rate.

On the Influence of the Slot Orifice in Diesel Common Rail Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Chiatti ◽  
Ornella Chiavola ◽  
Fulvio Palmieri ◽  
Roberto Pompei
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Set Up

Background:The paper deals with a diesel common rail nozzle in which a novel orifice layout is implemented.Objective:Its influence on the nozzle mechanical-hydraulic behavior and on the spray shape transient development is experimentally investigated.Methods:In the research, a solenoid injector for light duty diesel engines is equipped with the novel nozzle prototype and tested. The prototype layout is described, pointing out the features of the nozzle orifices, in which a Slot cross-section is adopted; the investigation is accomplished extending the hydraulic tests and the spray visualizations to a reference nozzle with standard holes. The influence of the hole layout on the mechanical-hydraulic behavior of the nozzle is assessed by experimental analysis based on the rate of injection measurement, in comparison with the reference nozzle. Once the hydraulic behavior of the novel nozzle has been characterized in terms of mass flow rate, the slot influence on the spray shape is assessed analyzing the macroscopic features such as the penetration distance and the spray angle, in non evaporative conditions. The study is carried out under transient injection conditions, for different injection pressures, up to 1400 bar.Results:The results on spray characteristics also provide reference information to set up spray models suited to take the Slot orifice into account.

scholarly journals Research on a Piezoelectric Pump with Flexible Valves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2909
Author(s):  
Weiqing Huang ◽  
Liyi Lai ◽  
Zhenlin Chen ◽  
Xiaosheng Chen ◽  
Zhi Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Venous Valve ◽  
Output Pressure ◽  
Small Flow ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Opening And Closing

Imitating the structure of the venous valve and its characteristics of passive opening and closing with changes in heart pressure, a piezoelectric pump with flexible valves (PPFV) was designed. Firstly, the structure and the working principle of the PPFV were introduced. Then, the flexible valve, the main functional component of the pump, was analyzed theoretically. Finally, an experimental prototype was manufactured and its performance was tested. The research proves that the PPFV can achieve a smooth transition between valved and valveless by only changing the driving signal of the piezoelectric (PZT) vibrator. The results demonstrate that when the driving voltage is 100 V and the frequency is 25 Hz, the experimental flow rate of the PPFV is about 119.61 mL/min, and the output pressure is about 6.16 kPa. This kind of pump can realize the reciprocal conversion of a large flow rate, high output pressure, and a small flow rate, low output pressure under the electronic control signal. Therefore, it can be utilized for fluid transport and pressure transmission at both the macro-level and the micro-level, which belongs to the macro–micro combined component.

scholarly journals Improving Output Performance of a Resonant Piezoelectric Pump by Adding Proof Masses to a U-Shaped Piezoelectric Resonator

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Wenzhi Gao ◽  
Changhai Liu ◽  
Liangguo He ◽  
Yishan Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Piezoelectric Resonator ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Volume Efficiency ◽  
Working Efficiency

This study proposes the improvement of the output performance of a resonant piezoelectric pump by adding proof masses to the free ends of the prongs of a U-shaped piezoelectric resonator. Simulation analyses show that the out-of-phase resonant frequency of the developed resonator can be tuned more efficiently within a more compact structure to the optimal operating frequency of the check valves by adjusting the thickness of the proof masses, which ensures that both the resonator and the check valves can operate at the best condition in a piezoelectric pump. A separable prototype piezoelectric pump composed of the proposed resonator and two diaphragm pumps was designed and fabricated with outline dimensions of 30 mm × 37 mm × 54 mm. Experimental results demonstrate remarkable improvements in the output performance and working efficiency of the piezoelectric pump. With the working fluid of liquid water and under a sinusoidal driving voltage of 298.5 Vpp, the miniature pump can achieve the maximum flow rate of 2258.9 mL/min with the highest volume efficiency of 77.1% and power consumption of 2.12 W under zero backpressure at 311/312 Hz, and the highest backpressure of 157.3 kPa under zero flow rate at 383 Hz.

The characters exploration of a piezoelectric pump with fishtail-shaped bluffbody

2021 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110386
Author(s):  
Yi Hou ◽  
Lipeng He ◽  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Baojun Yu ◽  
Hong Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Maximum Flow Rate ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Conical Flow ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Valveless Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Shape And Size

This paper focuses on a new structure in the valveless piezoelectric pump, which has a combination structure of the conical flow channel and two fishtail-shaped bluffbodies in the chamber of the pump. The fishtail-shaped bluffbody is inspired by the shape of the swimming fish to diminish the backflow and optimize the performance of the pump. The performance is studied by changing the shape and size of the inlet and outlet, the bluff bodies’ height and the space between two bluff bodies. The results show that the 3 mm × 3 mm square inlet, 3 mm diameter round outlet, 3 mm height of bluffbodies, 6.8 mm pitch of bluffbodies has a best performance in all 10 prototypes, which implements a maximum flow rate of 87.5 ml/min at 170 V 40 Hz with a noise of 42.6 dB. This study makes a preliminary investigation and theoretical explanation for the subsequent optimization of this structure, improved the performance of the valveless piezoelectric pump, broaden the thinking of the design for the bluffbody for better performance of the valveless piezoelectric pump.

Principle and structure of a multi-chamber piezoelectric pump with large flow rate integrated into printed circuit board

2022 ◽  
pp. 1045389X2110721
Author(s):  
Yun-Hao Peng ◽  
Dai-Hua Wang ◽  
Lian-Kai Tang
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Rate Model ◽  
Piezoelectric Pump ◽  
Central Deflection ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Large Flow

Parametric simulation of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump proposed by authors shows that its flow rate is positively correlated with chamber compression ratio when height of chamber wall is not less than central deflection of circular piezoelectric unimorph actuator (CPUA). Therefore, in this paper, principle and structure of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump with novel CPUAs with three-layer structure are proposed and realized, so as to improve its chamber compression ratio, and then improve its flow rate. Its processing technology compatible with PCB processing technology is studied and its flow rate model is established. Central deflection of CPUA with three-layer structure and the flow rate characteristics are tested. Experimental results show that when the central deflection of CPUA with three-layer structure reaches the maximum value of 106.8 μm, the chamber compression ratio and flow rate of multi-chamber piezoelectric pump reach the maximum value of 50% and 3.11 mL/min, respectively. The maximum flow rate is increased by 622% compared to unimproved pump. By comparing experimental results with numerical and finite element simulation results, the realized multi-chamber piezoelectric pump has large flow rate and the established flow rate model can predict its flow rate.

Condition-based opportunistic maintenance policy for a series–parallel hybrid system with economic dependence

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiping Jiang ◽  
Zhenni Huang ◽  
Jiahui Xu ◽  
Xuemin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Systems ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Maintenance Policy ◽  
Economic Dependence ◽  
Opportunistic Maintenance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Rate ◽  
Parallel Hybrid ◽  
In Series ◽  
Redundant Structure

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a condition-based opportunistic maintenance policy considering economic dependence for a series–parallel hybrid system with a K-out-of-N redundant structure, where a single component in series is denoted as subsystem1, and K-out-of-N redundant structure is denoted as subsystem2.Design/methodology/approachBased on the theory of Residual Useful Life (RUL), inspection points are determined, and then different maintenance actions are adopted in the purpose of minimizing the cost rate. Both perfect and imperfect maintenance actions are carried out for subsystem1. More significantly, regarding economic dependence, condition-based opportunistic maintenance is designed for the series–parallel hybrid system: preemptive maintenance for subsystem1, and both preemptive and postponed maintenance for subsystem2.FindingsThe sensitivity analysis indicates that the proposed policy outperforms two classical maintenance policies, incurring the lowest total cost rate under the context of both heterogeneous and quasi-homogeneous K-out-of-N subsystems.Practical implicationsThis model can be applied in series–parallel systems with redundant structures that are widely used in power transmission systems in electric power plants, manufacturing systems in textile factories and sewerage systems. Considering inconvenience and high cost incurred in the inspection of hybrid systems, this model helps production managers better maintain these systems.Originality/valueIn maintenance literature, much attention has been received in repairing strategies on hybrid systems with economic dependence considering preemptive maintenance. Limited work has considered postponed maintenance. However, this paper uses both condition-based preemptive and postponed maintenance on the issue of economic dependence bringing opportunities for grouping maintenance activities for a series–parallel hybrid system.

Effects of Respiration and Gravity on Infradiaphragmatic Venous Flow in Normal and Fontan Patients

Circulation ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tain-Yen Hsia ◽  
Sachin Khambadkone ◽  
Andrew N. Redington ◽  
Francesco Migliavacca ◽  
John E. Deanfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Venous Return ◽  
Fontan Circulation ◽  
Flow Rate Ratio ◽  
Venous Flow ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
In Series ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Fontan Patients

Background —In the Fontan circulation, pulmonary and systemic vascular resistances are in series. The implications of this unique arrangement on infradiaphragmatic venous physiology are poorly understood. Methods and Results —We studied the effects of respiration and gravity on infradiaphragmatic venous flows in 20 normal healthy volunteers (control) and 48 Fontan patients (atriopulmonary connection [APC] n=15, total cavopulmonary connection [TCPC] n=30). Hepatic venous (HV), subhepatic inferior vena caval (IVC), and portal venous (PV) flow rates were measured with Doppler ultrasonography during inspiration and expiration in both the supine and upright positions. The inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio was calculated to reflect the effect of respiration, and the supine-to-upright flow rate ratio was calculated to assess the effect of gravity. HV flow depended heavily on inspiration in TCPC compared with both control and APC subjects (inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio 3.4, 1.7, and 1.6, respectively; P <0.0001). Normal PV flow was higher in expiration, but this effect was lost in TCPC and APC patients (inspiratory-to-expiratory flow rate ratio 0.8, 1.0, and 1.1, respectively; P =0.01). The respiratory influence on IVC flow was the same in all groups. Gravity decreased HV flow more in APC than in TCPC patients (supine-to-upright flow rate ratio 3.2 versus 2.1, respectively; P <0.04) but reduced PV flow equally in all groups. Conclusions —Gravity and respiration have important influences on infradiaphragmatic venous return in Fontan patients. Although gravity exerts a significant detrimental effect on lower body venous return, which is more marked in APC than in TCPC patients, the beneficial effects of respiration in TCPC patients are mediated primarily by an increase in HV flow. These effects may have important short- and long-term implications for the hemodynamics of the Fontan circulation.

Nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge–based dynamic stall control on an SC-1095 airfoil

2020 ◽  
pp. 095965182094582
Author(s):  
He-sen Yang ◽  
Hua Liang ◽  
Guang-yin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Barrier Discharge ◽  
Barrier Discharge ◽  
Actuation Voltage ◽  
Dynamic Stall ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Actuation Frequency ◽  
Dielectric Barrier ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Dependent Flow

Dynamic stall is a time-dependent flow separation and stall phenomenon that is present in many applications, including violently maneuvering aircraft, surging compressor, wind turbine, and, most observably, rotorcraft. Nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuator has previously demonstrated the control ability in static stall conditions and shows promise to address dynamic stall. The present work explores the ability of nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge to control dynamic stall over an SC-1095 airfoil and summarizes the control law of actuation parameters. The actuation voltage, actuation frequency, and reduced frequencies were varied over large ranges: Vp–p = 7–13 kV, F+ = 0.5–10, and k = 0.05–0.15. Direct aerodynamic measurements were taken for each combination of actuation voltages and actuation frequencies, and fixed combination at different experimental reduced frequencies. It was observed that nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge could effectively improve the dynamic stall characteristics, and three major conclusions were drawn. First, there is a threshold for actuation voltage. Only when the actuation voltage is greater than or equal to the threshold voltage can the separation be effectively suppressed and the steep stall can be alleviated. Second, High F+ has better control performance of maintaining peak lift in the stall regime and achieves better effects in moment control and drag reduction while lift reattachment is better with low F+ on downstroke. Last, with the increase of reduced frequency, the control effect of nanosecond dielectric barrier discharge with settled actuation parameter combination becomes worse, so greater cost needs to be paid for effective control at a larger reduced frequency.

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