scholarly journals Boosting the efficiency of a footstep piezoelectric-stack energy harvester using the synchronized switch technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haili Liu ◽  
Rui Hua ◽  
Yang Lu ◽  
Ya Wang ◽  
Emre Salman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Interface Circuits ◽  
Walking Locomotion ◽  
Standard Energy

In this article, the self-supported power conditioning circuits are studied for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on the synchronized switch harvesting on inductance (SSHI) technology, the power conditioning circuits are designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, for example, standard energy harvesting circuit, series-SSHI, and parallel-SSHI, are compared in terms of their output power to find the best candidate for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 74% more power than the standard energy harvesting counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates a similar performance in comparison to the standard energy harvesting interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this article.

Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor Interface to Promote Piezoelectric Stack Energy Harvesting From Human Walking

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiao Zhang ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Interface Circuits ◽  
Walking Locomotion ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

In this paper, a self-supported power conditioning circuit is developed for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on a synchronized switch energy harvesting on inductance (SSHI) interface and a peak detector topology, the power conditioning circuit is designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, e.g. standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit, series-SSHI and parallel-SSHI are compared in experiments to find which one is the best suit for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 85% more power than the SEH counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates the similar performance in comparison to the SEH interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement by using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this paper.

Systematic Design of a Piezo-Electric Stack Energy Harvester From Walking Locomotion

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddharth Balasubramanian ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Systematic Design ◽  
Walking Locomotion ◽  
Piezo Electric

This paper presents a systematic design of a piezoelectric stack energy harvester from human walking locomotion. The proposed footstep energy harvester is a mobile energy harvesting device that comprises of four sets of piezo-electric stack with force amplification frame assembly with associated power electronics. The objective of this work is to optimize the output power from each piezo-electric stack for which a high-efficiency force amplification frame was developed. Considering the nature of the application, High-Strength A514 Alloy Steel was chosen as the frame material and SONOX SP 505 as the piezo-electric stack in d33 configuration. The mathematical formulation of real-time human walking force excitation was also vital in the study. In this paper, a real-time equation of human Vertical Ground Reaction Forces (VGRF) was used for the systematic modeling and simulation process. Following the success of piezoelectric electro-mechanical modeling and simulation, a prototype of four sets of force-amplification frames each with a piezoelectric stack installed inside were fabricated and assembled into a unique constrainer box — such an assembled device was fit into the heel of a 12″ Field and Stream® boot to effectively convert kinetic energy from walking locomotion to electricity and therefore, to power a wireless sensor. The uniqueness of the work is to develop an easy-fit footstep energy harvester with much higher power density than similar design in the literature. In particular, the developed energy harvesting device is not visible externally and does not affect the walking gait pattern of the user. Moreover, our design only adds 0.25 kg to the self-weight of 0.85 kg of the boot. A peak power of 130 mW and peak Voltage of 118 V was recorded for an 80 kg person walking. This type of energy harvester will find its application in clean-energy generation in remote areas without electricity access.

Modelling of a cantilevered energy harvester with partial piezoelectric coverage and shunted to practical interface circuits

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (13) ◽  
pp. 1896-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guobiao Hu ◽  
Lihua Tang ◽  
Junrui Liang ◽  
Raj Das
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Distributed Parameter ◽  
Interface Circuits ◽  
Single Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Single Degree ◽  
Distributed Parameter Model ◽  
Modelling Method ◽  
Equivalent Impedance ◽  
Standard Energy

This article presents a modelling methodology for a cantilevered energy harvester with partial piezoelectric coverage and shunted to practical power conditioning interface circuits. First, the distributed parameter model of the partially covered piezoelectric energy harvester is developed and the associated analytical solution is derived. Subsequently, the single-degree-of-freedom representation model is developed and the explicit expressions of equivalent lumped parameters are derived by taking the static deflection as the approximated fundamental vibration mode. Based on the comparison with the single-mode expression of the distributed parameter model, a correction factor is proposed to improve the accuracy of the single-degree-of-freedom model. The results of both the distributed parameter and the corrected single-degree-of-freedom models are compared. The accuracy of the corrected single-degree-of-freedom representation model is verified against the analytical and the finite element models. Finally, practical interface circuits including the standard energy harvesting circuit and the parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuit are considered. A modified equivalent impedance modelling method is proposed for the analysis of the standard energy harvesting and parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor circuits. The results of the modified equivalent impedance modelling method are verified against the existing method in the literature.

Design and analysis of cantilever based piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

Circuit World ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirubaveni Savarimuthu ◽  
Radha Sankararajan ◽  
Gulam Nabi Alsath M. ◽  
Ani Melfa Roji M.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

Purpose This paper aims to present the design of a cantilever beam with various kinds of geometries for application in energy harvesting devices with a view to enhance the harvested power. The cantilever beams in rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal geometries are simulated, designed and evaluated experimentally. A power conditioning circuit is designed and fabricated for rectification and regulation. Design/methodology/approach The analytical model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is analyzed for various cantilever geometries. The aluminum beam with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) 5H strip is used for performing frequency, displacement, strain distribution, stress and potential analysis. A comparative analysis is done based on the estimated performance of the cantilevers with different topologies of 4,500 mm3 volume. Findings The analysis shows the trapezoidal cantilever yielding a maximum voltage of 66.13 V at 30 Hz. It exhibits maximum power density of 171.29 W/mm3 at optimal resistive load of 330 kΩ. The generated power of 770.8 µW is used to power up a C-mote wireless sensor network. Originality/value This study provides a complete structural analysis and implementation of the cantilever for energy harvesting application, integration of power conditioning circuit with the energy harvester and evaluation of the designed cantilevers under various performance metrics.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of the Power Conditioning Circuit for an Electromagnetic Human Walking-Induced Energy Harvester

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Ludwin Molina Arias ◽  
Joanna Iwaniec ◽  
Marek Iwaniec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

Among the various alternative energy sources, harvesting energy from the movement of the human body has emerged as a promising technology. The interaction between the energy harvesting structure and the power conditioning circuit is nonlinear in nature, which makes selecting the appropriate design parameters a complex task. In this work, we present an electromagnetic energy harvesting system suitable for recovering energy from the movement of the lower limb joints during walking. The system under study is modeled and simulated, considering three different scenarios in which the energy source is the hip, knee, and ankle joint. The power generated by the energy harvester is estimated from kinematic data collected from an experimental gait study on a selected participant. State-space representation and Recurrence plots (RPs) are used to study the dynamical system’s behavior resulting from the interaction between the electromagnetic structure and the power conditioning circuit. The maximum power obtained through the simulation considering a constant walking speed of 4.5 km/h lays in the range of 1.4 mW (ankle joint) to 90 mW (knee joint) without implementing a multiplier gear.

A Systematic Approach to Corrosion-Powered Sensor Network Design

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Ouellette ◽  
Michael Todd
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
System Level ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Equivalent Series Resistance ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Power Conditioning

Energy harvesting systems for structural health monitoring applications may be described by three stages: ambient energy transduction, electrical power conditioning, and data acquisition and transmission. Recent developments in low-power CMOS devices have allowed for expanded energy harvesting techniques by reducing the total power demand of sensor nodes. This paper investigates the system-level interaction between a corrosion-based energy harvester and the low-power sensor node to which it is supplying power. An equivalent circuit model of the energy harvester is developed and the matched parameters (source voltage and equivalent series resistance) are used in the design of the power conditioning and wireless transmitter circuitry. Analysis of the power demand from the sensor node is used to determine the optimum data sampling parameters in terms of available supplied power for long-term in-situ sensing operations on a marine structure.

Study of a piezoelectric switching circuit for energy harvesting with bistable broadband technique by work-cycle analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yin Chen ◽  
Dejan Vasic ◽  
Yuan-Ping Liu ◽  
François Costa
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Interface Circuit ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Work Cycle ◽  
Coupled Structures ◽  
Synchronized Switching

In this article, a piezoelectric energy harvesting device comprises a bistable vibrating cantilever beam and a switching-type interface circuit (synchronized switching harvesting on an inductor) is proposed, and the resulting performance is compared to the traditional linear technique. It was known that the synchronized switching techniques increase efficiently the output power of the piezoelectric energy harvester for low-coupled structures. However, the traditional piezoelectric energy harvester based on a cantilever beam is only efficient at resonance. To broaden the available bandwidth, a bistable nonlinear technique was proposed. In this article, the bistable technique and synchronized switching harvesting on an inductor interface are combined together to accomplish a more efficient broadband piezoelectric energy harvester. The power flow and work cycles are adopted to simplify the analysis of the switching techniques and then summarize the increasing performance of the nonlinear piezoelectric harvester. Finally, simulation results and experimental validations show that the proposed integrated device owns larger bandwidth and collects more harvested energy.

Simply supported FPEDs connected by springs for broadband energy harvesting

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Tanaka ◽  
Satoru Odake ◽  
Jun Miyake ◽  
Hidemi Mutsuda ◽  
Atanas A. Popov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibrational Energy ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Theoretical Evaluation ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Polyvinylidene Difluoride ◽  
Simply Supported

Energy harvesting methods that use functional materials have attracted interest because they can take advantage of an abundant but underutilized energy source. Most vibration energy harvester designs operate most effectively around their resonant frequency. However, in practice, the frequency band for ambient vibrational energy is typically broad. The development of technologies for broadband energy harvesting is therefore desirable. The authors previously proposed an energy harvester, called a flexible piezoelectric device (FPED), that consists of a piezoelectric film (polyvinylidene difluoride) and a soft material, such as silicon rubber or polyethylene terephthalate. The authors also proposed a system based on FPEDs for broadband energy harvesting. The system consisted of cantilevered FPEDs, with each FPED connected via a spring. Simply supported FPEDs also have potential for broadband energy harvesting, and here, a theoretical evaluation method is proposed for such a system. Experiments are conducted to validate the derived model.

scholarly journals Electrode and electrolyte configurations for low frequency motion energy harvesting based on reverse electrowetting

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pashupati R. Adhikari ◽  
Nishat T. Tasneem ◽  
Russell C. Reid ◽  
Ifana Mahbub
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Electrowetting On Dielectric ◽  
External Bias ◽  
Motion Energy ◽  
Ac Current ◽  
Self Powered

AbstractIncreasing demand for self-powered wearable sensors has spurred an urgent need to develop energy harvesting systems that can reliably and sufficiently power these devices. Within the last decade, reverse electrowetting-on-dielectric (REWOD)-based mechanical motion energy harvesting has been developed, where an electrolyte is modulated (repeatedly squeezed) between two dissimilar electrodes under an externally applied mechanical force to generate an AC current. In this work, we explored various combinations of electrolyte concentrations, dielectrics, and dielectric thicknesses to generate maximum output power employing REWOD energy harvester. With the objective of implementing a fully self-powered wearable sensor, a “zero applied-bias-voltage” approach was adopted. Three different concentrations of sodium chloride aqueous solutions (NaCl-0.1 M, NaCl-0.5 M, and NaCl-1.0 M) were used as electrolytes. Likewise, electrodes were fabricated with three different dielectric thicknesses (100 nm, 150 nm, and 200 nm) of Al2O3 and SiO2 with an additional layer of CYTOP for surface hydrophobicity. The REWOD energy harvester and its electrode–electrolyte layers were modeled using lumped components that include a resistor, a capacitor, and a current source representing the harvester. Without using any external bias voltage, AC current generation with a power density of 53.3 nW/cm2 was demonstrated at an external excitation frequency of 3 Hz with an optimal external load. The experimental results were analytically verified using the derived theoretical model. Superior performance of the harvester in terms of the figure-of-merit comparing previously reported works is demonstrated. The novelty of this work lies in the combination of an analytical modeling method and experimental validation that together can be used to increase the REWOD harvested power extensively without requiring any external bias voltage.

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