The Influence of Challenge Course Participation on Moral and Ethical Reasoning

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Smith ◽  
Sharon E. Strand ◽  
Camille J. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
University Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Challenge Course ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of a 15-week outdoor experiential program on the moral reasoning of college students. One hundred and ninety-six university students volunteered to participate in this study, which utilized Rest's (1979) Defining Issues Test (DIT). The DIT investigates how individuals arrive at making decisions, and formulates a “P” (Principled moral reasoning) score for each subject. The groups were found to be homogeneous in moral reasoning at the pretest (outdoor experiential x = 36.07; control x = 33.08; F = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference on the posttest scores of the outdoor experiential program participants (x = 40.98) in relation to the control group (x = 34.14) (F = 3.84). The results of this study demonstrated that the outdoor experiential program participants were significantly different from the control group at posttest. It is postulated that even though improved moral reasoning was not a stated objective, the outdoor experiential students, through front-loading, reflection, critical thinking, problem solving, and adherence to the full value contract, did enhance their level of moral reasoning. Through the combined modeling of behavior and discussion, changes in behavior can occur. The nature of outdoor experiential programs seems well suited to positively influence moral and ethical reasoning.

AFFECT AND MORAL REASONING

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Olejnik ◽  
Asenath A. Larue
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Temporary mood states were induced to determine the impact of affect on moral reasoning. College students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: positive, negative, or neutral moods prior to completing the Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral development. P-scores on the DIT were significantly higher in the positive affect condition than in either of the other conditions. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies on situational factors influencing moral judgments and social behaviors.

scholarly journals Influence of the NAO robot as a teaching assistant on university students’ vocabulary learning and attitudes

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Hossein Banaeian ◽  
Ilkay Gilanlioglu
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
English Language ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Teaching Assistant ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nao Robot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated how the NAO robot as a teaching assistant affects the way university students learn vocabulary and their attitudes towards it. A mixed method approach was followed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. A quasi-experimental design, including a pre-test and a post-test, was employed to explore the impact of the NAO robot on students’ vocabulary learning. Moreover, a questionnaire and an interview were used to identify the attitudes of the participants towards the NAO robot. The participants, who were taking a vocabulary course for language improvement as part of the regular curriculum of the program during the experiment, were freshman students of the English language teaching undergraduate program at a higher education institution in North Cyprus. Of the two groups, the control group performed slightly better than the experimental group even though the analyses did not show any statistically significant difference between them. Descriptive data analysis showed that most of the students liked the NAO robot and its abilities. However, related findings from the qualitative data were mixed. Most participants liked the NAO robot and thought that the robot helped them to learn the new words, while some thought that the technology needed to be improved.

scholarly journals Differentiated Instruction in a Calculus Curriculum for College Students in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Jing-Hua Chen ◽  
Yi-Chou Chen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Differentiated Instruction ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calculus Instruction ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: To explore differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum. For college students to learn concentration, motivation and the impact of academic achievement; explore the attitudes and ideas of students on differentiated instruction within a calculus curriculum; build up the diversity of mathematics education within varied educational settings. Participants: Sample data were collected from freshman students of the Army Academy: total sample = 60, experimental and control group each had 30. Methods: Quasi-experimental design. Study tested whether differentiated instruction would enhance calculus instruction, compared with a traditional teaching method. Results: As hypothesized, results showed a significant difference in calculus achievement between experimental and control groups. Conclusions: Results supported the effectiveness of differentiated instruction on calculus curriculum. Finally, depending on the research results, the researcher provided practical suggestions for the educational research.

scholarly journals Impact of lesson study on mathematics anxiety and mathematics achievement of Malaysian foundation programme students

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 912
Author(s):  
Hosseinali Gholami ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Ayub ◽  
Aida Suraya Md Yunus ◽  
Nurzatulshima Kamarudin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Mathematics Anxiety ◽  
Lesson Study ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Educational Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

<p>Based on many researches, there is negative relationship between mathematics anxiety and achievement. However, there is no study about mathematics anxiety and achievement in Malaysian foundation centers. This research studied the impact of Lesson Study (LS) on mathematics anxiety and achievement of students in a Malaysian university. A total of eight lecturers were involved in planning the LS which was experimented on 44 students as experimental group, while 42 others were in the control group. In the experimental group, students solved problems individually and in teams in a student-centered approach. For the control group, students were taught using the conventional method. Mathematics anxiety was measured using the Mathematics Anxiety Scale-Revised (MAS-R). A mathematics test was used to measure the students’ ability in problem solving. The data was analyzed using t-test, ANOVA and MANOVA. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the means of the experimental and control groups in mathematics anxiety and achievement scores. However, there is no statistically significant interaction between the effects of educational method and gender on both mathematics anxiety and achievement. LS was found to be a suitable method to increasing the student’s ability in problem solving and reducing their anxiety.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of a Digital Intervention for Literacy in Depression among Portuguese University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Healthcare ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Lersi D. Durán ◽  
Ana Margarida Almeida ◽  
Ana Cristina Lopes ◽  
Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Text Format ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact

Digital interventions are important tools to promote mental health literacy among university students. “Depression in Portuguese University Students” (Depressão em Estudantes Universitários Portugueses, DEEP) is an audiovisual intervention describing how symptoms can be identified and what possible treatments can be applied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of this intervention. A random sample of 98 students, aged 20–38 years old, participated in a 12-week study. Participants were recruited through social media by the academic services and institutional emails of two Portuguese universities. Participants were contacted and distributed into four study groups (G1, G2, G3 and G4): G1 received the DEEP intervention in audiovisual format; G2 was given the DEEP in text format; G3 received four news articles on depression; G4 was the control group. A questionnaire was shared to collect socio-demographic and depression knowledge data as a pre-intervention method; content was then distributed to each group following a set schedule; the depression knowledge questionnaire was then administered to compare pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up literacy levels. Using the Scheffé and Least Significant Difference (LSD) multiple comparisons test, it was found that G1, which received the DEEP audiovisual intervention, differed significantly from the other groups, with higher depression knowledge scores in post-intervention stages. The DEEP audiovisual intervention, compared to the other formats used (narrative text format; news format), proved to be an effective tool for increasing depression knowledge in university students.

scholarly journals Effect of tennis education on problem solving skills in university studentsTenis eğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerinin problem çözme becerisi üzerine etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serife Vatansever ◽  
Güçlü Özen
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
University Students ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Problem Solving Skills ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Turkish Language ◽  
And Control

This study has been carried out with the aim of analyzing and comparing problem solving skills of the students taking or not taking tennis education.   Total 80 university students, 40 of whom taking tennis education and 40 of whom not taking these education have participated on the basis of volunteering. This research was conducted in an experimental model. In this study, Problem Solving Inventory adapted into Turkish language by Şahin, Şahin and Heppner (1993) and developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) has been used. While the trail group participated in a tennis training program of 3 days a week, 2 hours a day and a total of 3 months, the control group continued their normal life without participating in any regular work.Statistical findings have been obtained by means of SPSS 20.0 packaged software.  The Independent-t test was applied to examine the difference between the experimental and control groups and the effect of the gender independent variable. And for calculating the difference of pre-test and posttest, Test of Paired Sample was applied  According to the parameter of problem solving skill, there was a significant difference between value of the pre-test and value of the post-test on experimental group (<0,05), pbut There was no significant difference between pre-test and post-test values depending on gender variable (>0,05). As a result, it is thought that exercises have a positive change on problem solving skills on the students who taking tennis education. ÖzetBu çalışma tenis eğitimi alan ve almayan öğrencilerin, problem çözme becerilerini inceleme ve karşılaştırma amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya tenis eğitimi alan 40 öğrenci ile bu eğitimi almayan 40 öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 80 öğrenci gönüllü olarak katılmıştır.  Araştırma deneme modelinde tasarlanmıştır. Çalışmada, Hepner ve Peterson (1982) tarafından geliştirilen, Türkçe’ye uyarlaması ise Şahin, Şahin ve Heppner (1993) tarafından yapılan Problem Çözme Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Deneme grubu haftada 3 gün, günde 2 saat ve toplamda 3 aylık bir tenis eğitimi programına katılırken kontrol grubu herhangi bir düzenli çalışmaya katılmadan normal yaşamlarına devam etmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde ve hesaplanmış değerlerin bulunmasında SPSS 20.0 istatistik paket program kullanılmıştır. Deneme ve kontrol grupları arasındaki fark ve cinsiyet bağımsız değişkeninin etkisinin incelenmesi için Bağımsız-t testi yapılmıştır. Ön test-son test arasındaki farklılığın tespiti için ise, Bağımlı-t testi yapılmıştır.  Araştırmada, problem çözme becerisi değişkenine göre, deney grubu ön test-son test değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuş (p<0,05), cinsiyet değişkenine bağlı olarak ön test-son test değerleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunamamıştır p>0,05). Sonuç olarak, tenis eğitimi alan öğrencilerde problem çözme becerileri egzersize bağlı olumlu yönde değişiklik gösterdiği düşünülmektedir.

The Impact of Visual Thinking Approach to Promote Elementary Students’ Problem Solving Skill in Mathemathics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fendrik ◽  
Elvina Elvina
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Elementary Students ◽  
Visual Learning ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Visual Thinking ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Student Skill ◽  
Mathematical Skill ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the influence of visual thinking learning to problemsolving skill. Quasi experiments with the design of this non-equivalent controlgroup involved Grade V students in one of the Elementary Schools. The design ofthis study was quasi experimental nonequivalent control group, the researchbullet used the existing class. The results of research are: 1) improvement ofproblem soving skill. The learning did not differ significantly between studentswho received conventional learning. 2) there is no interaction between learning(visual thinking and traditional) with students' mathematical skill (upper, middleand lower) on the improvement of skill. 3) there is a difference in the skill oflanguage learning that is being constructed with visual learning of thought interms of student skill (top, middle and bottom).

Reducing the Social Stigma Associated with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Controlled Trial of an Intervention Program in a Turkish Community Sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Ayça Aktaç Gürbüz ◽  
Orçun YORULMAZ ◽  
Gülşah DURNA
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Case Vignette ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Scientific research into the reduction of stigmatization, particularly related to specific problems such as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), is scarce. In the present study, we examine the impact of a video-based antistigma intervention program for OCD in a pretest-posttest control group research. After being randomly assigned to either an intervention (n= 101) or control group (n= 96), the participants reported their attitudes on a hypothetical case vignette before and after OCD vs. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) videos, and again six months later as a follow up assessment. The mixed design analyses for the group comparisons indicated that although there was no significant difference in the measures of the control group, the participants watching the anti-stigma OCD video, in which the focus was psychoeducation and interaction strategies, reported significantly lower scores on social distances and negative beliefs for the case vignettes they read, and this difference was maintained six months later. Then, the present results indicate the effectiveness of our anti-stigma intervention program for OCD. Interventions to reduce stigmatization can also be viewed as effective tools for changing the attitudes of people toward OCD, although further research and applications are needed related to specific disorders if a longlasting impact is to be achieved.

scholarly journals The Antioxidant Effect of Curcumin and Rutin on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Experimentally Induced Periodontitis in Hyperglycemic Wistar Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Gilda M. Iova ◽  
Horia Calniceanu ◽  
Adelina Popa ◽  
Camelia A. Szuhanek ◽  
Olivia Marcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gingival Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Background: There is a growing interest in the correlation between antioxidants and periodontal disease. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of oxidative stress and the impact of two antioxidants, curcumin and rutin, respectively, in the etiopathology of experimentally induced periodontitis in diabetic rats. Methods: Fifty Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups and were induced with diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: (1) (CONTROL)—control group, (2) (DPP)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis, (3) (DPC)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with curcumin (C), (4) (DPR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with rutin (R) and (5) (DPCR)—experimentally induced diabetes mellitus and periodontitis treated with C and R. We evaluated malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress and reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), GSH/GSSG and catalase (CAT) as biomarkers of the antioxidant capacity in blood harvested from the animals we tested. The MDA levels and CAT activities were also evaluated in the gingival tissue. Results: The control group effect was statistically significantly different from any other groups, regardless of whether or not the treatment was applied. There was also a significant difference between the untreated group and the three treatment groups for variables MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT. There was no significant difference in the mean effect for the MDA, GSH, GSSG, GSH/GSSG and CAT variables in the treated groups of rats with curcumin, rutin and the combination of curcumin and rutin. Conclusions: The oral administration of curcumin and rutin, single or combined, could reduce the oxidative stress and enhance the antioxidant status in hyperglycemic periodontitis rats.

scholarly journals Impact of failed ab-interno trabeculectomy (trabectome) on subsequent XEN45 gel stent implantation in pseudophakic eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kiessling ◽  
C. Rennings ◽  
M. Hild ◽  
A. Lappas ◽  
T. S. Dietlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Repeat Surgery ◽  
Medication Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ab Interno Trabeculectomy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ab Interno

Abstract Purpose To determine the impact of failed ab-interno trabeculectomy on the postoperative outcome of subsequent XEN45 gel stent (Allergan, CA, USA) implantation in pseudophakic eyes. Methods In this retrospective single-center study, we included 60 pseudophakic eyes from 60 participants who underwent XEN45 gel stent implantation. Thirty eyes each underwent primary stent implantation (control group) or had previously undergone a failed ab-interno trabeculectomy (trabectome group). The groups were matched at a 1:1 ratio based on the following criteria: preoperative and maximum Intraocular pressure (IOP), preoperative medication score, cup/disk-ratio, follow-up time, best-corrected visual acuity at baseline, age, and the proportion of patients classified as primary open angle glaucoma or exfoliation glaucoma. We defined a successful surgery by the following three scores: an IOP reduction > 20% and IOP at the longest follow-up < 21 mmHg (Score A) or < 18 mmHg (Score B) or IOP ≤ 15 mmHg and an IOP reduction ≥ 40% (Score C). One open conjunctival revision was allowed in all scores, and a repeat surgery was considered a failure. Results Following an average follow-up period of 22 ± 12 months, we observed a mean IOP reduction of 38%, from 23.5 ± 5.2–14.5 ± 5.0 mmHg. Comparative analyses between the groups did not reveal a significant difference in the postoperative IOP, postoperative medication score, side effects, revision rate, repeat surgery rate, or success rate. Conclusions Trabectome is a viable first-line procedure for medically uncontrolled glaucoma before filtering ab-interno microstent surgery is considered.

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