The Impacts of Postdivorce Cohabitation and Relationship Duration on the Early Marital Climate of Remarriages

2021 ◽  
pp. 106648072110541
Author(s):  
J. Scott Crapo ◽  
Joshua J. Turner ◽  
Kay Bradford ◽  
Brian J. Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Marital Instability ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
First Order ◽  
Relationship Duration ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Postdivorce cohabitation has become increasingly common, but research on the influence of cohabitation on the marital climate of remarriages is limited. Research on first-order marriages suggests that the length (or duration) of the relationship may account for some of the influence of cohabitation. However, there remains a need to understand the influence of cohabitation on the unique experiences of remarriages. Using data from 1,889 newly remarried individuals, we fit mixed-effect models to test the effect of cohabitation and relationship duration on the marital climate indicators of marital quality, marital instability, and remarital problems. Relationship duration, but not cohabitation, was negatively associated with marital quality. Cohabitation, but not relationship duration, was positively associated with marital instability and negatively associated with remarital problems. Results indicate that cohabitation may both benefit and harm remarital climates. This may explain, in part, the inconsistent findings in the literature and highlights the importance of studying remarriages as a unique population.

The association between lymphopenia and serious infection risk in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Sujith Subesinghe ◽  
Alexander Kleymann ◽  
Andrew Ian Rutherford ◽  
Katie Bechman ◽  
Sam Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Proportional Hazards Regression ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objectives To investigate the relationship between occurrence of serious infection (SI) and lymphocyte counts in patients with RA using data from a single centre. Methods We used routinely captured data from a single tertiary rheumatology centre to explore the relationship between lymphopenia and SI risk. Adult RA patients were included over a 5-year follow-up period. Admissions due to confirmed SI were considered. SI rate with 95% confidence intervals was calculated. The association between SI with baseline lymphocyte counts, time-averaged lymphocyte counts throughout all follow-up, and a nadir lymphocyte count was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression. The relationship between lymphopenia over time and SI was analysed using a mixed-effect model of lymphocyte counts prior to SI. Results This analysis included 1095 patients with 205 SIs during 2016 person-years of follow-up. The SI rate was 4.61/100 patient-years (95% CI: 3.76, 5.65). Compared with patients with nadir lymphocyte counts >1.5 × 109 cells/l, nadir lymphopenia <1 × 109 cells/l was significantly associated with higher SI risk (HR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.59, 6.76), increasing to HR 8.08 (95% CI: 3.74, 17.44) in patients with lymphopenia <0.5 × 109 cells/l. Lymphocyte counts were observed to be reduced in the 30-day period prior to SI. Conclusion Lymphocyte counts below <1.0 × 109 cells/l were associated with higher SI risk in RA patients; the strongest association between lymphopenia and SI was observed when lymphocyte counts were below <0.5 × 109 cells/l. Lymphopenia may be used as a measure to stratify patients at risk of SI.

scholarly journals Relationship Quality Among Cohabiting Versus Married Couples

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1730-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brown ◽  
Wendy D. Manning ◽  
Krista K. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Diffusion Theory ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Union Type ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the nationally representative 2010 Married and Cohabiting Couples Survey of different-sex cohabiting and married couples, we compared the relationship quality of today’s cohabitors and marrieds. Consistent with diffusion theory and recent conceptual work on the deinstitutionalization of marriage, we found that the relationship between union type and relationship quality is now bifurcated with direct marrieds reporting the highest relationship quality and cohabitors without marriage plans reporting the lowest marital quality. In the middle were the two largest groups: marrieds who premaritally cohabited and cohabitors with plans to marry. These two groups did not differ in terms of relationship quality. This study adds to the growing literature indicating that the role of cohabitation in the family life course is changing in the contemporary context.

scholarly journals An Empirical Test of Brand Love and Brand Loyalty for Restaurants during the COVID-19 Era: A Moderated Moderation Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9968
Author(s):  
Huifeng Pan ◽  
Hong-Youl Ha
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Relationship Duration ◽  
Hedonic Value ◽  
Utilitarian Value ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Although brand love–loyalty relationships can deepen, the literature does not include systematic and empirical investigations demonstrating when perceived value and relationship duration are valuable in enhancing the brand love–loyalty relationship. This study investigates the effects of relationship duration, perceived value, and restaurant type on the relationships between brand love and brand loyalty during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In particular, hedonic value rather than utilitarian value is hypothesized to negatively enhance the relationship between brand love and brand loyalty when consumers continue to have long-lasting relationships with a restaurant brand. Using data collected from an online research firm in Korea, the findings revealed that brand love negatively influences brand loyalty. However, the impact of brand love on brand loyalty increases when customers seek hedonic value. Our findings also demonstrate that consumers who sought hedonic value strengthened the brand love–loyalty link compared to consumers who sought utilitarian value, particularly one with a short-lasting relationship. Consumers who sought utilitarian value through a long-lasting relationship strengthened the same relationship, although the increased correlation was not statistically significant. Furthermore, brand loyalty gradually decreases at fine-dining restaurants, whereas it sharply increases at takeaway restaurants.

scholarly journals Branch Occlusion and Discoloration under the Natural Pruning of Mytilaria laosensis

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 892
Author(s):  
Guoming Qin ◽  
Jian Hao ◽  
Jinchang Yang ◽  
Rongsheng Li ◽  
Guangtian Yin
Keyword(s):  
Radial Increment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Occlusion Time ◽  
Wood Discoloration ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Dead Branch ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mytilaria Laosensis

The production of knot-free and high-quality wood can be a vital issue in silviculture and forest management. In this study, knot properties, branch occlusion, and wood discoloration were investigated in an 11-year-old Mytilaria laosensis plantation in Guangxi, China, to examine the effectiveness of natural pruning in reducing knot-related defects. A total of 1513 occluded branches from 20 trees were sampled and dissected. Occluded branches were most common at heights of 2–6 m, and the mean diameter of the occluded branches gradually increased with height from the base to 6 m. Linear and generalized linear mixed-effect models were developed to reveal the relationship between branch occlusion and discoloration. The mortality of branches was highest in the third and fourth year and it took roughly three to six years to occlude. The mixed-models indicated that the branch occlusion time was positively correlated with the occluded branch diameter and dead branch stub length, and negatively correlated with the stem radial increment during branch occlusion. Branch discoloration was positively correlated with the occluded branch diameter and branch occlusion time, and was negatively correlated with the branch angle. The probability of wood discoloration also increased with the branch occlusion time. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal allocation and internal characteristics of occluded branches, and provide a reference for growing high-quality M. laosensis wood.

scholarly journals Cortical excitability signatures for the degree of sleepiness in human

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsuan Chia ◽  
Xin-Wei Tang ◽  
Yue Cao ◽  
Hua-Teng Cao ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Synaptic Homeostasis ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Physiological Homeostasis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Homeostasis Theory

Sleep is essential in maintaining physiological homeostasis in the brain. While the underlying mechanism is not fully understood, a 'synaptic homeostasis' theory has been proposed that synapses continue to strengthen during awake, and undergo downscaling during sleep. This theory predicts that brain excitability increases with sleepiness. Here, we collected transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) measurements in 38 subjects in a 34-hour program, and decoded the relationship between cortical excitability and self-report sleepiness using advanced statistical methods. By utilizing a combination of partial least squares (PLS) regression and mixed-effect models, we identified a robust pattern of excitability changes, which can quantitatively predict the degree of sleepiness. Moreover, we found that synaptic strengthen occurred in both excitatory and inhibitory connections after sleep deprivation. In sum, our study provides supportive evidence for the synaptic homeostasis theory in human sleep and clarifies the process of synaptic strength modulation during sleepiness.

scholarly journals Clinically significant substance use and residential stability among homeless or vulnerably housed persons in Canada: a longitudinal cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy E Nasmith ◽  
Anne Gadermann ◽  
Denise Jaworsky ◽  
Monica Norena ◽  
Matthew J To ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Residential Stability ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Effect Regression ◽  
Transition Study ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background We examined clinically significant substance use among homeless or vulnerably housed persons in three Canadian cities and its association with residential stability over time using data from the Health and Housing in Transition study. Methods In 2009, 1190 homeless or vulnerably housed individuals were recruited in three Canadian cities and followed for 4 years. We collected information on housing and incarceration history, drug and alcohol use, having a primary care provider at baseline and annually for 4 years. Participants who screened positive for substance use at baseline were included in the analyses. We used a generalized logistic mixed effect regression model to examine the association between clinically significant substance use and residential stability, adjusting for confounders. Results Initially, 437 participants met the criteria for clinically significant substance use. The proportion of clinically significant substance use declined, while the proportion of participants who achieved residential stability increased over time. Clinically significant substance use was negatively associated with achieving residential stability over the 4-year period (AOR 0.7; 95% CI 0.57, 0.86). Conclusions In this cohort of homeless or vulnerably housed individuals, clinically significant substance use was negatively associated with achieving residential stability over time, highlighting the need to better address substance use in this population.

scholarly journals The Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and their Association with White Matter Hyperintensities in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra J. Anor ◽  
Mahsa Dadar ◽  
D. Louis Collins ◽  
M. Carmela Tartaglia
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACTIntroductionNeuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) are common in all dementias, including those with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). NPS contribute to patients’ distress, caregiver burden, and can lead to institutionalization. White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are a common finding on MRI usually indicative of cerebrovascular disease and have been associated with certain NPS. The aim of this study was two-fold. Firstly, we assessed the relationship between WMH load and NPS severity in MCI due to AD (MCI-AD) and AD. Secondly, we assessed the ability of WMH to predict the development and progression of NPS in these participants. Data was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center.MethodsWMH were obtained from baseline MRIs and quantified using an automated segmentation technique. NPS were measured using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Mixed effect models and correlations were used to determine the relationship between WMH load and NPS severity scores.ResultsCross-sectional analysis showed no significant association between NPS and WMH at baseline. Longitudinal mixed effect models, however, revealed a significant relationship between increase in NPI total scores and baseline WMH load (p=0.014). There was also a significant relationship between increase in irritability severity scores over time and baseline WMH load (p= 0.009). Trends were observed for a relationship between increase in agitation severity scores and baseline WMH load (p=0.058). No other NPS severity scores were significantly associated with baseline WMH load. The correlation plot analysis showed that baseline whole brain WMH predicted change in future NPI total scores (r=0.169, p=0.008). Baseline whole brain WMH also predicted change in future agitation severity scores (r= 0.165, p= 0.009). The temporal lobe WMH (r=0.169, p=0.008) and frontal lobe WMH (r=0.153, p=0.016) contributed most to this this change.ConclusionIrritability and agitation are common NPS and very distressful to patients and caregivers. Our findings of an increase in irritability severity over time as well as higher agitation severity scores at follow-up in participants with MCI-AD and AD with increased WMH loads have important implications for treatment, arguing for aggressive treatment of vascular risk factors in patients with MCI-AD and AD.

scholarly journals Marital Conflict, Anger Expression, and Marital Instability: Associations by Age and Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 773-773
Author(s):  
Dakota Witzel ◽  
Madeline Nichols ◽  
Robert Stawski
Keyword(s):  
Marital Conflict ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Marital Disruption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marital Stability ◽  
Marital Instability ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Positive social relationships, such as high-quality marriages, are associated with better health, especially among older adults. Moreover, negative components in marriages (i.e., disagreements and associated emotional responses) are linked to negative outcomes such as marital disruption (McGonagle et al., 1993) and divorce (Markman et al., 2010). Factors such as marital conflicts and emotion expression threaten marital stability and health and have been shown to decrease with age and in collectivist cultures (i.e., Japan compared to U.S.; Kitayama et al., 2015; Matsunaga & Imahori, 2009). While anger has featured as a specific emotion associated with compromised health and marital quality (Carrère et al., 2005), less is known about how marital conflict and the expression of anger may contribute to marital instability in later life, or differences in these links across age and culture. Using data from married respondents participating in the second wave of the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS, n=750, Mage=55.18, SD=11.5, %Female=50.13%) study or first wave of the Midlife in Japan (MIDJA; n=706, Mage=55.26, SD=13.68, %Female=47.73%) studies, we examined associations between disagreements, anger expression, and marital risk. Preliminary analyses revealed that marital disagreements and anger expression were each associated with increased marital instability in both the MIDUS and MIDJA samples (ps<.05). Additionally, the effects of marital disagreements and anger expression did not differ between the two samples or as a function of age. Discussion will focus on the relevance of expression and regulation of emotions for understanding marital (in)stability in midlife and aging and across cultures.

Accent Policy and Accent Modification Enterprises as Potential Indicators of Intercultural Power Relations: A Call for an Updated Research Agenda

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

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