Gender Differences in Violence and Other Human Rights Abuses Among Migrant Workers on the Thailand–Myanmar Border

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 945-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Meyer ◽  
W. Courtland Robinson ◽  
Casey Branchini ◽  
Nada Abshir ◽  
Aye Aye Mar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

We describe human rights violations against migrant workers at the Thailand–Myanmar border, and evaluate differences by gender and industry. This mixed methods study pairs key informant interviews ( n = 40) with a cross-sectional quantitative survey of migrant workers from Myanmar ( n = 589) recruited via respondent-driven sampling. Key informants described significant hazards during migration, including deception, theft, and physical and sexual abuse, the latter primarily for women. Quantitative results confirmed prevalent mistreatment and abuse, with significant gender differences, most notably women’s disproportionate burden of sexual abuse. Current evidence on the nature of experiences, and significant differences by gender, can position prevention and response programming.

Resilience among secondary school students in South-Western Nigeria; association with abuse and neglect

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwapelumi Adeyera ◽  
Obioma Uchendu ◽  
Eme Owoaje
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Physical Neglect ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Abstract Introduction Resilience, which aids coping and adjustment, prevents the development of mental health issues for individuals exposed to adversities. Abuse and neglect are some of the adversities that affect the health of adolescents. This study examined the relationship between abuse, neglect and resilience of adolescents. Methods The study adopted a cross-sectional design among 522 secondary school adolescents using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. Information on socio-demographics, abuse, neglect and resilience were elicited. Associations were tested with significance set at 5%. Results The mean age of respondents was 15.9 ± 1.5, 301 (57.7%) were females and 144 (27.6%) were from polygamous homes. Two hundred and forty-three (46.4%) had high resilience, 141 (27.0%) moderate resilience and 138 (26.6%) had low resilience. Psychological, physical and sexual abuse were reported among 238 (45.7%), 168 (32.1%) and 45 (8.6%) adolescents, respectively, while 71 (13.6%) and 134 (25.8%) experienced psychological and physical neglect, respectively. Adolescents who experienced physical abuse and sexual abuse were about 2 and 2.5 times less likely, respectively, to have high resilience than those who did not experience physical and sexual abuse. Conclusion Abuse and neglect negatively influence resilience of adolescents. Interventions targeted at reducing abuse and neglect should be incorporated in adolescent health protocols to increase their resilience.

The Ghosts of Montes de Oca: Buried Subtext of Argentina's Dirty War

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-220
Author(s):  
Nancy Scheper-Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
Buenos Aires Province ◽  
Dirty War ◽  
Public Dialogue ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Mental Defectives

No rhetorical flourishes: this work-in-progress is intended to provoke a long-overdue public dialogue on an ugly topic that refuses to stay disappeared. It treats a hidden battleground of Argentina's Dirty War (1976–1983), a ‘petite war,’ a war within the war, directed by a military-appointed doctor against the mentally deficient inmates concentrated at the national psychiatric hospital, the Colonia Nacional Dr. Manuel A. Montes de Oca in Torres, and its sister institution, the Colonia Psiquiátrica Domingo Cabred, in Lujan, both in Buenos Aires province. Buried in the historical, statistical, legal, and archival records, along with the key informant interviews, ethnographic observations, and photos is shattering evidence of medical human rights abuses committed under the necropolitics of the Dirty War against an abandoned population of mental “defectives” who were condemned to gratuitous suffering and early deaths at the psychiatric colony (see Figure 1). In the worst instances, the abuses were crimes against humanity.

Are stronger states more humane? A re-evaluation of ‘exemplary villains’

2020 ◽  
pp. 002234332091390
Author(s):  
Seung Hoon Chae
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
State Capacity ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Regime Type ◽  
Recent Book ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

In general, the human rights scholarship finds stronger states to be more humane. In particular, Englehart’s recent book and article assert that ‘petty despots’, rather than ‘exemplary villains’, are the real culprits behind the abuse of human rights. However, some exemplary villains are truly exemplary; providing them with greater powers will only intensify human rights abuses. Indeed, the idea that even dictatorships would better protect rights when stronger contradicts some of the most well-known cases of mass-murder that occurred in powerful authoritarian states. In an attempt to resolve this puzzle, this article argues that, while state capacity does matter, it matters differently for dictatorships and democracies. In both regimes, there are certain types of human rights violations that, from the government’s perspective, happen unwittingly. These unauthorized human rights violations are perpetrated by petty despots trying to benefit from the state’s principal–agent problems. Yet, unlike a democracy, a dictatorship can authorize the violation of certain types of human rights to accomplish its objectives. Whereas state capacity can reduce ‘unauthorized’ types of abuses, it would not necessarily diminish such abuses that are ‘authorized’ by the state. The net effects of state capacity, therefore, will not be as positive for autocracies as they are for democracies. To validate this argument, this article conducts 18 ordered logistic regressions with a time-series cross-sectional dataset that encompasses no less than 142 countries from the period of 1981 to 2002. The empirical analysis provides solid support for the theorized relationship among human rights, state capacity and regime type. As predicted, state capacity improves human rights in democracies but not necessarily in autocracies.

Canada’s temporary foreign worker programme: A discussion of human rights issues

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry Cundal ◽  
Brian Seaman
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Service Industry ◽  
Foreign Worker ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Economic Exploitation ◽  
Temporary Foreign Workers ◽  
Domestic Labour ◽  
Term Labour

Canada, like many other developed countries, has implemented a temporary foreign workers’ programme, ostensibly to address temporary labour shortages within its domestic labour market. However, there is growing evidence of the programme being used to meet longer-term labour demands, with low-skilled migrant workers being marginalized into low paying service industry jobs and manual labour in the construction and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, there is evidence of these marginalized workers suffering human rights abuses and economic exploitation. This paper discusses some of these problems and presents a case for legislative reform. 

scholarly journals Reproductive health at conflict borders: a cross-sectional survey of human rights violations and perinatal outcomes at the Thai-Myanmar border

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie M. Koning ◽  
Kaylee Scott ◽  
James H. Conway ◽  
Mari Palta
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Perinatal Health ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Residential Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Precarious Legal Status

Abstract Background Human rights violations (HRVs) are common in conflict and displacement contexts. Women are especially vulnerable to HRVs in these contexts, and perinatal health is acutely sensitive to related stressors and health care barriers. However, how HRVs affect immediate and long-term perinatal health in chronic displacement settings has not been closely investigated. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether and how HRVs in these contexts are tied directly to displacement circumstances or other marginalizing factors affecting local migrant and minority populations generally. Methods We investigated these questions using novel survey data from 577 women at the northern Thai-Myanmar border, where thousands of people have fled conflict in Shan State, Myanmar, for refuge in a range of precarious settings in Thailand, including unofficial refugee camps, villages, and worksites. We compared HRV exposures by ethnicity, country of birth, legal documentation, and residential setting. We then analyzed perinatal outcomes associated with HRV frequency, timing, and type. Results Birth in Myanmar, and ethnic minority and precarious legal status more broadly, predicted higher HRV prevalence. HRV frequency significantly predicted unmet antenatal care and lower birth weight, along with HRVs related to labor exploitation and violence or conflict. HRVs timed closer to pregnancies were more adversely associated with perinatal outcomes. Resource/property deprivation was the strongest predictor of pregnancy complications. Conclusions Human rights must be urgently attended to, through expanded HRV screenings and responsive care, and policy changes to further protect migrant workers, displaced persons, and others in precarious legal status situations.

Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse in patients visiting gynaecology clinics: a Nordic cross-sectional study

The Lancet ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 361 (9375) ◽  
pp. 2107-2113 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Wijma ◽  
B Schei ◽  
K Swahnberg ◽  
M Hilden ◽  
K Offerdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

scholarly journals CHILD LABORERS

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 632-634
Author(s):  
NOSHEEN ZAIDI ◽  
SAIF-UD-DIN SAIF ◽  
MAHMOOD AHMED ◽  
Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Verbal Abuse ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Physical And Sexual Abuse

Background: In Pakistan there are about 3.3 Million unprotected child laborers. They are constantly exposed to all kinds of dangers and abuse intimidating the future of the country. These child laborers are without the basic necessities of life including food, shelter, schooling and healthcare services, which has devastating effects on our socio-economic fabric. It is quite imperative to comprehend and unveil the perilous picture of the working conditions of child laborers and the abuse inflicted upon them at such an impressionable age. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Rawalpindi city including workshops, shops and streets of Rawalpindi. Period: January 2008–Dec 2008. Objective: To assess the presence of any Verbal, Physical and Sexual abuse among the child laborers at Rawalpindi city. Results: Out of the total sample of 700 study subjects 315 (45%) of the Child laborers reported being abused whereas 385 (55%) reported no abuse. Out of the fraction which reported to be abused the break up is as follows. 214 (67.9%) reported verbal abuse, 75 (23.8%) reported Physical abuse and 25 (7.9%) reported sexual abuse. Conclusions: This study concluded that the child laborers are open to the elements of the adversities that come along with their work environment. The government should be urged to take necessary steps to trim down the abuse against child laborers and its frightening effects on their families, society and nation at large by constituting strict laws and ensuring their speedy implementation. 

scholarly journals Violencia obstétrica: conducta del personal médico y percepción de las usuarias en las salas de parto. Estudio multicéntrico, estado Anzoátegui

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (04) ◽  
pp. 280-291
Author(s):  
Santiago Rodríguez-Roque ◽  
◽  
Dinora Rodríguez-Rico ◽  
Gloria Rodríguez-Rico ◽  
Rangel Jiménez-Malavé
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Patient’S Perception ◽  
Keywords Obstetrics

Objective: To relate the perception that pregnant users have about obstetric violence based on the behavior of medical staff in the delivery room at three health centers in Anzoátegui state during October 2018. Methods: Non-experimental, correlational, prospective and cross-sectional field study with a sample of 564 patients and 70 physicians from 3 health centers in Anzoátegui state, using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Results: The evaluated doctors have regular knowledge and poor behavior (60% of cases) unrelated to each other (p: > 0.05). The main types of dehumanizing treatment were: being in a mandatory position and performing procedures without authorization (99.29% and 73.36% of cases). The type of violence that prevailed was physical in 100% of cases, followed by physical-psychological binomial, however the patient’s perception of the doctor’s behavior was good (75.2%). Conclusions: According to the dehumanizing treatment perceived by the user in the three health centers, it was obtained that the obstetric violence rate was 100% since all perceived at least one type of violence. Keywords: Obstetrics, Violence, Women’s Rights, Human Rights Abuses, Pregnant Women.

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