Book Review: The Acceptable Daily Intake: A Tool for Ensuring Food Safety.

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-186
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake

scholarly journals Sulfonamides in Tomato from Commercial Greenhouses Irrigated with Reclaimed Wastewater: Uptake, Translocation and Food Safety

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1016
Author(s):  
Raquel Camacho-Arévalo ◽  
Carlos García-Delgado ◽  
Begoña Mayans ◽  
Rafael Antón-Herrero ◽  
Jaime Cuevas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Sulfonamide Antibiotics ◽  
Tomato Crop

The presence of antibiotics in crops is mainly caused by their irrigation with reclaimed wastewater and by the use of organic amendments of animal origin. During this work, the fate of sulfonamide antibiotics in tomato crop has been assessed in two commercial greenhouses located in Almería (Spain) irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Samplings were made annually for two years. Sulfonamides in several parts of the plant (roots, leaves and fruits) as well as reclaimed wastewater, amendments and soils were analyzed by UHPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that sulfonamides accumulated in soils (sulfamethoxazole between 2 and 14 µg Kg−1; sulfadiazine, sulfathiazole, sulfapyridine, sulfamerazine and sulfadimethoxine in concentrations below 1 µg Kg−1) were in the reclaimed wastewater at concentrations in the ng L−1 range. Their distribution in plants depended on the sulfonamide. The sulfonamides detected in tomato were sulfadiazine, sulfapyridine, sulfamethazole, sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine. Sulfamethoxazole was the antibiotic with highest concentration in tomato fruit, exceeding 30 µg Kg−1. All sulfonamides were below the Acceptable Daily Intake, however, further studies and legislation are needed to assure food safety.

scholarly journals Introduction and Summary of the 2018 Dietary Glutamate Workshop

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Luc Cynober ◽  
John D. Fernstrom ◽  
Berthold Koletzko ◽  
Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens ◽  
Ashley Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
European Food Safety Authority ◽  
Human Nutrition ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Glutamate Metabolism ◽  
General Toxicity

The 2018 Dietary Glutamate Workshop was organized and sponsored by the International Glutamate Technical Committee to provide a platform for a broad expert discussion on all relevant aspects of glutamate metabolism and safety in human nutrition. The participants reached a consensus with previous safety evaluations conducted by the global expert bodies, but contradicted the 2017 re-evaluation of dietary glutamates by the European Food Safety Authority, which proposed a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight per day. The participants of the Workshop concluded that the present knowledge on metabolism, kinetics, developmental and general toxicity of dietary glutamates did not warrant a change in the previous ADI of “not specified.”

Risk Assessment of Sulphite Exposure through Foods Among Adolescents of Delhi (India)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
Arushi Jain ◽  
Pulkit Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Government Schools ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Permissible Levels

Background: Sulphites added as preservatives in food have been associated with adverse health effects in humans. Objective: The present study was designed with an objective of assessing the risk of sulphite exposure through food in adolescents (12-16 years old) of Delhi, India. Methods: A total of 1030 adolescents selected from four private and four government schools of Delhi, were asked to record their food intake using a 24 hour food record, repeated on three days, for assessing exposure to sulphites. The risk was assessed using six different scenarios of exposure. Results: The actual intake for sulphites for average consumers was 0.15 ± 0.13 mg / kg b.w. / day which was 21.4% of acceptable daily intake (ADI). For high consumers (P95), it was 65% of the ADI. However, for 2 respondents, the actual intake exceeded the ADI. The major food contributors to sulphite intake were beverage concentrates (46%), ready to serve beverages (22%) followed by miscellaneous food items (16%), mainly ice creams and snowballs. Estimation of sulphite intake using different exposure scenarios revealed that for certain scenarios where the highest reported sulphite level or maximum permissible levels were considered for calculation, the high consumers exceeded the ADI, though, for average consumers, intake was well below the ADI. Conclusion: Actual intake of sulphite for average consumers was well below the ADI but for high consumers was approaching the ADI. People with sulphite sensitivity need to be aware of hidden food sources of sulphites.

scholarly journals Aspartame and cancer – new evidence for causation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Landrigan ◽  
Kurt Straif
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
International Agency ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
New Findings

Abstract Background Aspartame is one of the world’s most widely used artificial sweeteners and is an ingredient in more than 5000 food products globally. A particularly important use is in low-calorie beverages consumed by children and pregnant women. The Ramazzini Institute (RI) reported in 2006 and 2007 that aspartame causes dose-related increases in malignant tumors in multiple organs in rats and mice. Increased cancer risk was seen even at low exposure levels approaching the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Prenatal exposures caused increased malignancies in rodent offspring at lower doses than in adults. These findings generated intense controversy focused on the accuracy of RI’s diagnoses of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue tumors (HLTs). Critics made the claim that pulmonary lesions observed in aspartame-exposed animals were inflammatory lesions caused by Mycoplasma infection rather than malignant neoplasms. Methods To address this question, RI subjected all HLTs from aspartame-exposed animals to immunohistochemical analysis using a battery of markers and to morphological reassessment using the most recent Internationally Harmonized Nomenclature and Diagnostic (INHAND) criteria. Findings This immunohistochemical and morphological re-evaluation confirmed the original diagnoses of malignancy in 92.3% of cases. Six lesions originally diagnosed as lymphoma (8% of all HLTs) were reclassified: 3 to lymphoid hyperplasia, and 3 to chronic inflammation with fibrosis. There was no evidence of Mycoplasma infection. Interpretation These new findings confirm that aspartame is a chemical carcinogen in rodents. They confirm the very worrisome finding that prenatal exposure to aspartame increases cancer risk in rodent offspring. They validate the conclusions of the original RI studies. These findings are of great importance for public health. In light of them, we encourage all national and international public health agencies to urgently reexamine their assessments of aspartame’s health risks - especially the risks of prenatal and early postnatal exposures. We call upon food agencies to reassess Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) levels for aspartame. We note that an Advisory Group to the International Agency for Research on Cancer has recommended high-priority reevaluation of aspartame’s carcinogenicity to humans.

Effects of pesticide mixtures at the acceptable daily intake levels on rat carcinogenesis

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ito ◽  
A. Hagiwara ◽  
S. Tamano ◽  
M. Futacuchiá ◽  
K. Imaida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Pesticide Mixtures

scholarly journals Analysis of Crowdsourced Metformin Tablets from Individuals Reveals Widespread Contamination with N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Wu ◽  
Evgenia Kvitko ◽  
Amber Jessop ◽  
Shannon Williams ◽  
Ryan C. Costantino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Recalls ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Drug Products ◽  
Post Market ◽  
United States Food ◽  
States Food

AbstractRecent reports of metformin drug products contaminated with unacceptable levels of the probable human carcinogen N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) prompted a national sampling of post-market metformin drug products. To most broadly sample the market and minimize supply chain bias, metformin medication samples were crowdsourced directly from individuals across many states in the United States. 128 samples were received, and liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry tests for a panel of nitrosamines revealed significant levels of NDMA that trend with labeling company. 42% of all medication samples contained detectable levels of NDMA and, when scaled to maximum daily tablet dose, 36% of all medication samples contained NDMA levels exceeding the FDA daily acceptable intake limit. The highest NDMA detection from the tested samples was 1565 ng per tablet, which, when commonly taken four times a day, is 65 times the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) acceptable daily intake limit. Results underscore the need for immediate product recalls of tainted medications and an overall investigation of metformin manufacturing practices.

scholarly journals Potential Health Risk to Humans Related to Accumulation of Brodifacoum and Bromadiolone in the Wheat Grown on Rodenticide Contaminated Soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
R. Hromada ◽  
I. Miňo ◽  
Ľ. Korytár ◽  
E. Holotová ◽  
M. Ondrašovič ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Model Experiment ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Risk

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine in a model experiment the potential residues of bromadiolone and brodifacoum in the wheat grown on soil treated with these rodenticides and to compare them with the respective acceptable daily intake (ADI) in order to obtain information lacking in the scientific literature. The study focused on the level of residues of chronic rodenticides Broder G, with the active ingredient brodifacoum, and DERATION G, with the active ingredient bromadiolone, in wheat (Triticum spp.). The preparations were used in the form of granular bait. In the wheat grown on the soil treated with 100 g.m−2 of the preparation BRODER G, the brodifacoum residues ranged from 0.012 to 0.0218 mg.kg−1, while the treatment of soil with 500 g.m−2 resulted in residues ranging between 0.0344 and 0.0436 mg.kg−1. When using the preparation DE-RATION G, bromadiolone residues ranged between 0.012 and 0.018 mg.kg−1 after the treatment of soil with 100 g.m−2 and between 0.030 and 0.0428 mg.kg−1 after the treatment with 500 g.m−2. We observed that the acceptable daily intake was exceeded significantly in all of the cases and the residual levels depended on the rodenticide dose. In the case of brodifacoum, the ADI was exceeded more than 700-fold at a dose of 100 g.m−2 and more than 1400-fold at a dose of 500 g.m−2 of soil. With bromadio-lone, the ADI was exceeded 150-fold at a dose of 100 g.m−2 and more than 350-fold at a dose of 500 g.m−2. This indicates the risk to consumers from such crops.

scholarly journals Profil Plumbum (Pb) dan Cadmium (Cd) sebagai Kontaminan Dampak Penggunaan Agrokimia serta Remediasi Biji Kedelai Menggunakan Swelling Agent pada Khelasi dengan Asam Sitrat

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Sapto Priyadi ◽  
Purnama Darmaji ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Pudji Hastuti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Concentration Factor ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Swelling Agent ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

This research were aimed to know the plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) profile on soybean seeds as contaminants of the impact use of agrochemistry material impact and to know of swelling agent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) needs at certain level of pH in chelation with citric acid. The results showed that the content of Pb in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.63 ppm, while cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.46 ppm. Cd content in soybean seeds at cultivation system agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.05 ppm and the cultivation system without agrochemistry materials i.e. 0.1 ppm. Acceptable daily intake in terms of Pb content in soybean after treatment increases to 2.93 times compared before treatment (11.3379 to 33.2099 g per body weight per day). Acceptable daily intake in terms of the content of the Cd in soybean after treatment increases to 5.26 times compared before treatment. The value of the bio-concentration factor which expressed an accumulation of Pb in soybean seeds on both cultivation is low system (BCF<250), while for Cd is a moderate to high level (1.000<BCF>250). Cd reduction on soybeans seeds for all chelation treatment was maximum (not detected-detection limits was 0.01 ppm), while the highest reduction of Pb occurs at swelling agent N, N-dimethylformamide 15 mL at pH 10.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENENTUAN KADAR RESIDU INSEKTISIDA PADA KUBIS DAN TOMAT DI MODOINDING DAN RURUKAN

EUGENIA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoakhim Y. E Oessoe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Vegetable Farmers

This research aims to study 1) Maternal effect on the inheritance of yield components of Manado Yellow Use of Insecticides is one way that is very often made vegetable farmersto cope with pest and plant diseases. However, the use of insecticides may give negative effects for consumers of food containing residues of these poisons.Methodology of research is survey and laboratory. Collecting data in the survey was an interview of 20 vegetable farmers, each 10 from Modoinding and 10 from Rurukan that determined purposively. Laboratory data obtainedwith the ways to identify residues in the cabbage and tomatoes from Modoinding and Rurukan , using Gas Chromatography (GC) according to the analysis method of Pusat Pengujian Obat dan Makanan.Vegetable farmers in Modoinding and Rurukan often apply the insecticide organophospate and pyretroid on cabbage and tomato plants. The residues level in ccabbage and tomato from Modoinding and Rurukan far exceed the value of Acceptable Daily Intake of profonefos allowed.

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