scholarly journals Clinical and surgical risk factors for consecutive exotropia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Bryselbout ◽  
Veronique Promelle ◽  
Florent Pracca ◽  
Solange Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Surgical Risk ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Consecutive Exotropia ◽  
Angle Of Deviation

Introduction: Consecutive exotropia is one of the complications of esotropia surgery. Its prevalence is estimated at 4%–27%. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors for consecutive exotropia in the aftermath of surgical treatment of esotropia. Methods: Seventy-four patients examined in our strabismus consultation for a consecutive exotropia from January 2010 to June 2016 were retrospectively included. The age of onset of esotropia, the presence of amblyopia, the age of esotropia surgery and chosen procedure, the refractive errors, the anomalies of ocular motility, the age of onset of the consecutive exotropia and its angle of deviation were reported. Statistical analyses were performed with Student’s test and Fisher’s exact test. Results: Esotropia occurred in 65% of cases before the age of 1 year, was associated with amblyopia in 51%, hyperopia in 55% or anisometropia in 31%. Surgery was performed before the age of 6 years for 55% of the patients and involved for 52% the both medial recti. The angle of deviation of consecutive exotropia was ≤20 prism dioptres (PD) in 39%, 21-40 PD in 39% and ≥ 40 PD in 22%, related to amblyopia (p = 0.028), and to high hypermetropia (p = 0.05). Discussion: Amblyopia and hyperopia were the most important risk factors of consecutive exotropia in our series. Early onset esotropia, stereopsis abnormalities, anisometropia, oblique dysfunction, convergence insufficiency appeared but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Amblyopia is a major risk factor that should be taken into consideration during surgery of an esotropia.

scholarly journals 1222. Risk Factors and Outcomes for Daptomycin Nonsusceptible Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S370-S371
Author(s):  
Hind Hadid ◽  
Hira Rizvi ◽  
Helina Misikir ◽  
Nathalie Baratz ◽  
Ana Cecilia Bardossy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Exact Test

Abstract Background Daptomycin (dap) has been approved and successfully used for the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, reports of daptomycin nonsusceptible (DNS) MRSA strains have emerged over the recent years. This study describes the clinical characteristics of patients with DNS MRSA bloodstream infections (BSIs) with the objective of identifying risk factors and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective case–control study in a tertiary healthcare system in southeast Michigan. Cases included 34 patients with DNS MRSA BSI between September 24, 2005 and March 31, 2018. Cases were matched with controls with MRSA BSI based on age, source of BSI, and time-period of BSI in a 1:1 ratio. Charts were reviewed for clinical and laboratory data. Vancomycin (van) and dap minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by E-test. DNS was defined as an MIC >1.0 µg/mL. Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and t-test were used to determine statistical significance. Results In the case cohort, the source of BSI was endovascular in 11(32%) patients, central-line associated in 3(9%), secondary BSI in 13(38%), and unknown in 7(21%). Table 1 is a summary of the results. Conclusion Prior exposure to dap and van, and higher van MIC in MRSA isolates are risk factors for DNS MRSA BSI. DNS is associated with significantly higher risk of 90-day MRSA BSI recurrence. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school aged children: The Hong Kong Children Eye Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Juan Zhang ◽  
Yi Han Lau ◽  
Yu Meng Wang ◽  
Ka Wai Kam ◽  
Patrick Ip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Family History ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy

AbstractThe study aims to determine the prevalence of strabismus and its risk factors among school children in Hong Kong. This is a cross-sectional study involving 6–8 year old children from different districts in Hong Kong. 4273 children received comprehensive ophthalmological examination, cycloplegic auto-refraction, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment examination, cover/uncover test, ocular motility, and fundus examination. Demographic information, pre- and post- natal background, parental smoking status, and family history of strabismus were obtained through questionnaires. Strabismus was found among 133 children (3.11%, 95% CI 2.59–3.63%), including 117 (2.74%) exotropia and 12 (0.28%) esotropia cases (exotropia-esotropia ratio: 9.75:1). There was no significant difference in prevalence across age (6–8 years) and gender. Multivariate analysis revealed associations of strabismus with myopia (≤ − 1.00D; OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.03–2.52; P = 0.037) hyperopia (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.49; 95% CI 1.42–4.39; P = 0.002), astigmatism (≥ + 2.00D; OR 2.32; 95% CI 1.36–3.94; P = 0.002), and anisometropia (≥ 2.00D; OR 3.21; 95% CI 1.36–7.55; P = 0.008). Other risk factors for strabismus included maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.21; 95% CI 1.80–9.81; P = 0.001), family history of strabismus (OR 6.36; 95% CI 2.78–14.50, P < 0.0001) and advanced maternal age at childbirth (> 35 years; OR 1.65; CI 1.09–2.49, P = 0.018). The prevalence of strabismus among children aged 6—8 years in Hong Kong is 3.11%. Refractive errors, family history of strabismus and maternal smoking history during pregnancy are risk factors. Early correction of refractive errors and avoidance of maternal smoking during pregnancy are potentially helpful in preventing strabismus.

The Frequency of Venous Thromboembolism in Women with F V Leiden in Heterozygous Form from the East Bohemia Region in Association with Pregnancy and Puerperium.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4006-4006
Author(s):  
Petr Dulicek ◽  
Pavel Zak ◽  
Jaroslav Maly ◽  
Miroslav Pecka ◽  
Vladimir Maisnar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Heterozygous Form ◽  
Index Cases ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Introduction: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality throughout the developed world. VTE is multifactorial disease. The incidence of VTE increases 2–4 fold in pregnancy and is higher after caeserean section than after vaginal delivery. Individuals with F V Leiden mutation have 3–7 fold higher risk of VTE. The risk of VTE in women with heterozygous form of F V Leiden during pregnancy is considered to be low ( less than 3%), but some other data show higher risk ( almost 10%) according design of the studies. The aim of study: The assessment of the frequency of VTE in women with F V Leiden in heterozygous form in association with pregnancy and puerperium from the East Bohemia region and the comparison of our results with similar studies. Our results and available data should enable us to make an idea about the proper strategy of thromboprophylaxis in these settings. The frequency of F V Leiden is 2% in our region. It is retrospective case control study. Materials and methods: The assessment of the frequency of VTE in the group of 224 women with F V Leiden in association with 460 pregnancies. This group consists from women after VTE with F V Leiden in heterozygous form ( without other inherited thrombophilia and APS) and from asymptomatic family members with F V Leiden ( 104 index cases, 120 family members). The frequency of VTE was compared with the frequency of VTE in the control group of 201 women without F V Leiden in association with 422 pregnancies. This control group consists from asymptomatic family members of women from the first group without detection of F V Leiden and from women examined in our department during the assessment of the frequency of F V Leiden in our population, when F V Leiden was not diagnosed ( 101 asymptomatic family members, 100 healthy women). Coagulation work up was done in the period of 1996 – 2003. All women had at least one pregnant and all pregnancies were without thromboprophylaxis. The presence of F V Leiden mutation was determined after DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) and Mnll restriction analyses. VTE ( DVT and PE) was objectively determined in all cases. Results: In the investigated group VTE occurred 44x during pregnancy and puerperium. In l7 cases VTE was manifested in pregnancy ( 1x in I. trimester, 2x in II. trimester, 14x in III. trimester), in 27 women VTE occurred in puerperium and always within the first 10 days after delivery. Proximal venous thrombosis was diagnosed in 34 cases, in 5 cases was complicated by pulmonary embolism. In 10 women thrombosis was distal. The frequency of VTE was 9,6%. The frequency of VTE in the control group was 0,24%. The results were statistically assessed by Fisher’s exact test in programme NCSS 2004. The frequency of VTE in the cohort of women with F V Leiden reached statistical significance in comparison with the control group. Conclusion: Pregnancy and puerperium have been found the risk factors for VTE in investigated group. Our data can be affected by high number of index cases in the first group. In spite of this result we do not recommend pharmacological thromboprophylaxis to all women and thromboprophylaxis is considered on individual basis after the assessment of all other risk factors of VTE.

scholarly journals Refractive and binocular vision status of optometry students, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
C. Darko-Takyi ◽  
A. Owusu-Ansah ◽  
C. Appiah-Eduenu ◽  
E.K. Abu ◽  
S.B. Boadi-Kusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Divergence Insufficiency ◽  
Optometry Students

To investigate the refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status of Optometry students in University of Cape Coast, Ghana and to establish any associations between these conditions. A cross sectional study of 105 Optometry students were taken through a comprehensive optometric examination to investigate the refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status. Fisher’s exact test (IBM SPSS version 21) was used to assess association between these conditions. Prevalence of refractive error and non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunctions were 59.0% and 34.3% respectively. Prevalence of specific refractive errors were 17.1% myopia, 19.0% hyperopia and 22.9% astigmatism. Non-strabismic accommodative and vergence dysfunctions were found to be 21.9% and 12.4% respectively. Specific types of accommodative and vergence disorders were as follows: accommodative fatigue (8.6%), accommodative infacility (6.7%), accommodative insufficiency (4.7%) and accommodative excess (1.9%), convergence insufficiency (1.9%), convergence excess (1.0%), divergence insufficiency (2.9%), basic exophoria (1.9%), and basic esophoria (4.7%). There was a significant association between refractive errors in general and accommodative fatigue (p = 0.030) and between myopia and accommodative excess (p= 0.028). It is critical that potential primary eye care practitioners become aware of their refractive and non-strabismic binocular vision status.Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences (2016) 5(2), 24-29

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

Correlation of Metabolic Risk Factors with Sessile Serrated Lesions

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Bataga ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Right Colon ◽  
Serrated Lesions ◽  
The Right

Background and Aims: The importance of sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) in the pathogenesis of colorectal carcinoma has been recently established. These are supposed to cause the so-called “interval cancer”, having a rapidly progressive growth and being difficult to detect and to obtain an endoscopic complete resection. We aimed to establish the most important metabolic risk factors for sessile serrated lesions. Methods: We performed a retrospective case-control study, on a series of 2918 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Târgu-Mureș, Romania between 1 st of January 2015-31 th of December 2017. In order to evaluate the metabolic risk factors for polyps’ development, enrolled participants were stratified in two groups, a study group, 33 patients with SSLs lesions, and a control group, 138 patients with adenomatous polyps, selected by systematic sampling for age and anatomical site. Independent variables investigated were: gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, arterial hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, nonalcoholic liver disease. Results: For SSLs the most common encountered localization was the right colon in 30.55% of cases. By comparative bivariate analysis between SSLs group and control group, it was observed that hypertension (p=0.03, OR 2.33, 95 %CI 1.03-5.24), obesity (p=0.03, OR 2.61, 95 %CI 1.08-6.30), hyperuricemia (p=0.04, OR 2.72, 95 %CI 1.28-7.55), high cholesterol (p=0.002, OR 3.42; 95 %CI 1.48-7.87), and high triglycerides level (p=0.0006, OR 5.75; 95 %CI 1.92-17.2) were statistically associated with SSLs development. By multivariate analysis hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia retained statistical significance. Conclusions: Our study showed that the highest prevalence of SSLs was in the right colon and hypertension and increased triglycerides levels were associated with the risk of SSLs development. These risk factors are easy to detect in clinical practice and may help identifying groups with high risk for colorectal cancer, where screening is recommended.

Comparative study of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Mild and Severe Reflux Esophagitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Melania Macarie ◽  
Simona Maria Bataga ◽  
Monica Pantea ◽  
Razvan Opaschi ◽  
Simona Mocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Hiatal Hernia ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Erosive Esophagitis ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractObjective: This study aims to determine the correlation between risk factors and erosive esophagitis development.Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study on a consecutive series of 19.672 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between 01.01.2011-31.12.2017. A total of 3005 patients, diagnosed with erosive esophagitis, were included in the present study and stratified according to Los Angeles classification.Results: During the studied period we found 3005 patients with erosive esophagitis, sex ratio male to female was 1.3/1, the most common forms of esophagitis being grade A and B: 74.54% patients with esophagitis grade A, 14.80% patients with grade B; 5.29% patients were with grade C and 5.35% patients with esophagitis grade D. In severe esophagitis the male predominance was more prevalent (249 males, 71 female), with a sex ratio 3.50/1. The correlation of male gender with severe esophagitis was highly statistically significant (p < 0.0001, OR 2.97; 95% CI 2.25-3.91). Hiatal hernia was diagnosed in 1171 patients, the presence of large hiatal hernias, being an important predictor, with statistical significance (p < 0.0001, OR 3.41; 95% CI 2.22-5.21), for severe esophagitis development. Incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection was 11.51%, in the entire study group, with no statistical significant difference between patients with mild or severe esophagitis (12.02% vs 7.18%).Conclusion: Erosive esophagitis is a frequent disease, the most common forms being grade A and B. Male gender and the presence of hiatal hernia are the most important risk factors for erosive esophagitis development, in our study group.

Prospective Multicentric Evaluation Studies for Analysis of Surgical Risk Factors in Thyroid Surgery

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Dralle ◽  
Andreas Machens ◽  
Carsten Sekulla ◽  
Kerstin Lorenz ◽  
Ingo Gastinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Thyroid Surgery ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Surgical Risk

Use of SAMe-TT₂R₂ Score to Predict the Quality of Anticoagulation Control in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Receiving Warfarin in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 548-552
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Therapeutic Range ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Time In Therapeutic Range ◽  
Anticoagulation Control

Objective: To predict the quality of anticoagulation control in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving warfarin in Thailand. Materials and Methods: The present study retrospectively recruited Thai AF patients receiving warfarin for three months or longer between June 2012 and December 2017 in Central Chest Institute of Thailand. The patients were classified into those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ of 2 or less, and 3 or more. The Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportion of the patients with poor time in therapeutic range (TTR) between the two groups of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics. Results: Ninety AF patients were enrolled. An average age was 69.89±10.04 years. Most patients were persistent AF. An average CHA₂DS₂-VASc, SAMe-TT₂R₂, and HAS-BLED score were 3.68±1.51, 3.26±0.88, and 1.98±0.85, respectively. The present study showed the increased proportion of AF patients with poor TTR with higher SAMe-TT₂R₂ score. The AF patients with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 3 or more had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR than those with SAMe-TT₂R₂ score of 2 or less with statistical significance when TTR was below 70% (p=0.03) and 65% (p=0.04), respectively. The discrimination performance of SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was demonstrated with c-statistics of 0.60, 0.59, and 0.55 when TTR was below 70%, 65% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: Thai AF patients receiving warfarin had a larger proportion of patients with poor TTR when the SAMe-TT₂R₂ score was higher. The score of 3 or more could predict poor quality of anticoagulation control in those patients. Keywords: Time in therapeutic range, Poor quality of anticoagulation control, Warfarin, SAMe-TT₂R₂, Labile INR

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