scholarly journals Timing of use of cod liver oil, a vitamin D source, and multiple sclerosis risk: The EnvIMS study

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 1856-1864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Cortese ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Kjetil Bjørnevik ◽  
Trygve Holmøy ◽  
Margitta T Kampman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Control Study

Background: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), although it remains unknown whether this relationship varies by age. Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate the association between vitamin D3 supplementation through cod liver oil at different postnatal ages and MS risk. Methods: In the Norwegian component of the multinational case-control study Environmental Factors In Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS), a total of 953 MS patients with maximum disease duration of 10 years and 1717 controls reported their cod liver oil use from childhood to adulthood. Results: Self-reported supplement use at ages 13–18 was associated with a reduced risk of MS (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.52–0.86), whereas supplementation during childhood was not found to alter MS risk (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.81–1.26), each compared to non-use during the respective period. An inverse association was found between MS risk and the dose of cod liver oil during adolescence, suggesting a dose-response relationship ( p trend = 0.001) with the strongest effect for an estimated vitamin D3 intake of 600–800 IU/d (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.31–0.70). Conclusions: These findings not only support the hypothesis relating to low vitamin D as a risk factor for MS, but further point to adolescence as an important susceptibility period for adult-onset MS.

scholarly journals Polymorphisms CYP2R1 rs10766197 and CYP27B1 rs10877012 in Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
A. Martinez-Hernandez ◽  
E. E. Perez-Guerrero ◽  
M. A. Macias-Islas ◽  
C. A. Nava-Valdivia ◽  
A. Villagomez-Vega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D ◽  
Control Study

Background. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease. Low vitamin D levels have been reported to be a risk factor for MS, and genetic variances could be implicated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of MS with rs10766197 polymorphism of CYP2R1 gene and rs10877012 polymorphism of CYP27B1 gene. The second aim was to analyse whether these polymorphisms are associated with the severity of the progression of MS. Material and Methods. In a case-control study, we included 116 MS patients and 226 controls, all of whom were Mexican Mestizo. MS was diagnosed by McDonald criteria (2017). A complete neurological evaluation was performed to evaluate the severity of disease progression. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH) vitamin D] levels were measured by ELISA. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs10766197 of CYP2R1 gene and rs10877012 SNP of CYP27B1 gene were genotyped by real-time PCR. Results. Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were lower in MS patients than in controls ( p = 0.009 ). No differences were observed between serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels of MS patients with severe progression compared to low progression ( p = 0.88 ). A higher frequency of the A allele of CYP2R1 rs10766197 was observed between MS patients and controls ( p = 0.05 ). No differences were observed in the frequency of T allele of CYP27B1 rs10877012 ( p = 0.65 ). In subanalysis, patients with GA + AA genotypes of CYP2R1 rs10766197 had an increased risk of MS compared to controls ( p = 0.03 ). No increased risk was observed in GT + TT genotypes of CYP27B1 rs10877012 ( p = 0.63 ). No differences were observed in allele frequencies of either polymorphism between patients with severe vs. low disease progression. Conclusion. Lower serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels were observed in MS patients than in controls, although these levels were not associated with disease progression. Carriers of GA + AA genotypes of CYP2R1 rs10766197 had an increased risk of MS. None of these polymorphisms was associated with severe progression of MS.

scholarly journals Season of birth is associated with multiple sclerosis and disease severity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 205521732110657
Author(s):  
P Stridh ◽  
J Huang ◽  
AK Hedström ◽  
L Alfredsson ◽  
T Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Early Fall

Background The latitude gradient in multiple sclerosis incidence indicates that low sun exposure and therefore vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple sclerosis risk. Objective Investigation of the effect of month of birth, which influences postnatal vitamin D levels, on multiple sclerosis risk and severity in Sweden. Methods Patients and population-based controls were included from three nationwide cohorts. Differences in month of birth between cases and controls were analyzed using logistic regression and examined for effect modification by calendar year and geographic region at birth. Results Males had a reduced risk of multiple sclerosis if born in the winter and increased risk if born in the early fall. Individuals born before 1960 had an increased risk if born in summer or fall. Being born in late summer and early fall was associated with more severe disease. Conclusions We identified a birth cohort effect on the association between the month of birth and multiple sclerosis, with a more significant effects for births before 1960. This coincides with a period of lower breastfeeding rates, recommended intake of vitamin D, and sun exposure, resulting in a lower vitamin D exposure during the fall/winter season for infants born in the summer.

scholarly journals Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurmeet Singh ◽  
Reena Sood ◽  
Gursharan Singh Narang ◽  
Harnoorjit Kaur Brar ◽  
Amanjeet Kaur Bagga
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Transient Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in newborns with estimated incidence of 1-2% of all newborns. Although a self-limiting transient condition but it may cause severe morbidities. This study was conducted to find association of serum vitamin D levels in neonates who develop TTN as compared to normal healthy neonates.Methods: With thorough history with structured questionnaire and lab tests, serum vitamin D levels of 45 neonates who develop TTN were compared with 56 healthy neonates in control group.Results: Out of 45 neonates who develop TTN 39(86.7%) were deficient in vitamin D as compared to control group where 33(58.9%) out of 56 healthy neonates were deficient in vitamin D.Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels at birth in term neonates is associated with increased risk of developing TTN and vitamin D may have a role in its pathogenesis. 

Modifiable factors influencing relapses and disability in multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 773-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
MB D'hooghe ◽  
G. Nagels ◽  
V. Bissay ◽  
J. De Keyser
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Modifiable Factors

A growing body of literature indicates that the natural course of multiple sclerosis can be influenced by a number of factors. Strong evidence suggests that relapses can be triggered by infections, the postpartum period and stressful life events. Vaccinations against influenza, hepatitis B and tetanus appear to be safe. Surgery, general and epidural anaesthesia, and physical trauma are not associated with an increased risk of relapses. Factors that have been associated with a reduced relapse rate are pregnancy, exclusive breastfeeding, sunlight exposure and higher vitamin D levels. A number of medications, including hormonal fertility treatment, seem to be able to trigger relapses. Factors that may worsen progression of disability include stressful life events, radiotherapy to the head, low levels of physical activity and low vitamin D levels. Strong evidence suggests that smoking promotes disease progression, both clinically and on brain magnetic resonance imaging. There is no evidence for an increased progression of disability following childbirth in women with multiple sclerosis. Moderate alcohol intake and exercise might have a neuroprotective effect, but this needs to be confirmed.

A systematic review of modifiable risk factors in the progression of multiple sclerosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hempel ◽  
Glenn D Graham ◽  
Ning Fu ◽  
Elena Estrada ◽  
Annie Y Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Background: The presenting symptoms and rate of progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) are very heterogeneous. The diverse clinical manifestations and the clinical course of the disease may vary with modifiable risk factors. Objective: To systematically review modifiable risk factors and exposures associated with MS progression. Methods: We searched six databases till March 2015, reference-mined reviews, and consulted with experts (PROSPERO 2015:CRD42015016461). Two reviewers screened and extracted data. We used random meta-analysis models and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) to assess the quality of evidence. Results: In total, 59 studies met inclusion criteria. Lower vitamin D levels were associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores ( r = −0.22; confidence interval (CI) = −0.32, −0.12; 11 studies; I2 = 66%), smokers had an increased risk of MS progression (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.55; CI = 1.10, 2.19; I2 = 72%; seven studies), and there was no association of MS progression with the use of epidural analgesics during childbirth delivery (three studies). There was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions for 11 risk factors due to conflicting results or use of different predictor and outcome measures. Conclusion: MS progression was consistently associated with low vitamin D levels, and smoking was associated with a more rapid decline in MS disability. Studies used a variety of methods, predictors, and outcomes making it difficult to draw conclusions. Future studies should focus on prospective assessments.

scholarly journals The relative contributions of obesity, vitamin D, leptin, and adiponectin to multiple sclerosis risk: A Mendelian randomization mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 135245852199548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Harroud ◽  
Despoina Manousaki ◽  
Guillaume Butler-Laporte ◽  
Ruth E Mitchell ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Objective: To determine the extent to which decreased vitamin D bioavailability and altered levels of adiponectin and leptin mediate the association between obesity and MS. Methods: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to estimate the effects on MS of body mass index (BMI), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), adiponectin, and leptin levels in a cohort of 14,802 MS cases and 26,703 controls. We then estimated the proportion of the effect of obesity on MS explained by these potential mediators. Results: Genetic predisposition to higher BMI was associated with increased MS risk (odds ratio (OR) = 1.33 per standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.09–1.63), while higher 25OHD levels reduced odds of MS (OR = 0.72 per SD, 95% CI = 0.60–0.87). In contrast, we observed no effect of adiponectin or leptin. In MR mediation analysis, 5.2% of the association between BMI and MS was attributed to obesity lowering 25OHD levels (95% CI = 0.3%–31.0%). Conclusions: This study found that a minority of the increased risk of MS conferred by obesity is mediated by lowered vitamin D levels, while leptin and adiponectin had no effect. Consequently, vitamin D supplementation would only modestly reverse the effect of obesity on MS.

scholarly journals Ultraviolet B Phototherapy Intervention in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective, Randomized Pilot Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Robert W. Motl ◽  
Grace M. Niemiro ◽  
Michael De Lisio ◽  
Sarah Sommer ◽  
Barry J. Riskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Serum Vitamin D ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Uvb Phototherapy

Background There is substantial evidence, from well-conducted epidemiological studies, that low vitamin D levels are correlated with increased risk for MS, and multiple case control studies have implicated the involvement of vitamin D deficiency in MS etiology. Narrow-band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB; 300nm - 311 nm) induced vitamin D production has not previously been studied in a multiple sclerosis (MS) randomized placebo-controlled trial (RCT). Objectives To investigate NB-UVB induced vitamin D production, immunomodulation and MS symptomology following NB-UVB phototherapy in a MS cohort. Methods Using a blinded RCT study design, twelve individuals 18 years or older with MS were enrolled and assigned (1:1) into individualized NB-UVB dose (10-30kJ/m) phototherapy, or into placebo treatment, delivered 3 times per week, for 8-weeks. Serum vitamin D levels, walking performance, strength, cognitive function, mood and circulating progenitor cells (CPCs: CD34+CD45dim), monocyte populations (Intermediate CD14+CD16+, Classical CD14+CD16-), and T regulatory cell (CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+Tregs) count were assesed. The data were analyzed by 2 x 3 mixed factor ANOVA. Results A statistically significant condition by time interaction on vitamin D levels (F=7.14, p<.005, partial η2=.42) was identified. NB-UVB phototherapy may provide immunomodulation in a select group of MS individuals. Conclusion UVB phototherapy corrects vitamin D deficiency. This study adds to the growing research investigating UVB treatment in MS.

Season of infectious mononucleosis and risk of multiple sclerosis at different latitudes; the EnvIMS Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Lossius ◽  
Trond Riise ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
Kjetil Bjørnevik ◽  
Ilaria Casetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Infectious Mononucleosis ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Background: Seasonal fluctuations in solar radiation and vitamin D levels could modulate the immune response against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and influence the subsequent risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Altogether 1660 MS patients and 3050 controls from Norway and Italy participating in the multinational case-control study of Environmental Factors In Multiple Sclerosis (EnvIMS) reported season of past infectious mononucleosis (IM). Results: IM was generally reported more frequently in Norway ( p=0.002), but was associated with MS to a similar degree in Norway (odds ratio (OR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–2.73) and Italy (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.17–2.52). For all participants, there was a higher reported frequency of IM during spring compared to fall ( p<0.0005). Stratified by season of IM, the ORs for MS were 1.58 in spring (95% CI 1.08–2.31), 2.26 in summer (95% CI 1.46–3.51), 2.86 in fall (95% CI 1.69–4.85) and 2.30 in winter (95% CI 1.45–3.66). Conclusions: IM is associated with MS independently of season, and the association is not stronger for IM during spring, when vitamin D levels reach nadir. The distribution of IM may point towards a correlation with solar radiation or other factors with a similar latitudinal and seasonal variation.

scholarly journals Association of Vitamin D Pathway Genetic Variation and Thyroid Cancer

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel S. Carvalho ◽  
Catarina I. Gonçalves ◽  
Joana T. Almeida ◽  
Teresa Azevedo ◽  
Teresa Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Genotype And Allele Frequencies

Vitamin D is mostly known for its role in bone and calcium metabolism. However, studies have suggested that it also has inhibitory effects on tumor development and progression. Genetic variants close to genes that encode crucial enzymes for the synthesis (DHCR7 rs12785878), metabolism (CYP2R1 rs2060793) and degradation (CYP24A1 rs6013897) of vitamin D have been associated with serum levels of vitamin D. The aim of this case-control study was to determine the effect of these variants in the vitamin D pathway on the susceptibility to thyroid cancer. Five hundred patients with differentiated thyroid cancer and 500 controls were genotyped for the DHCR7 rs12785878, CYP2R1 rs2060793, and CYP24A1 rs6013897 variants. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between patients and controls. The DHCR7 rs12785878 minor allele was associated with thyroid cancer under an additive (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.15–1.65, p = 0.0004) and codominant (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.30–2.74, p = 0.0021) model. These findings suggest that DHCR7 polymorphisms may be associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer due to an effect of this gene on circulating vitamin D levels.

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