scholarly journals Explanations and excuses in French sociology

2021 ◽  
pp. 136843102198926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Brandmayr
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
History Of ◽  
French Sociology

The terrorist attacks that struck France in 2015 had reverberations throughout the country’s intellectual fields. Among the most significant was a widespread polemic that turned around whether sociological explanations of the attacks amounted to excuses and justifications for terrorists. When prominent politicians and pundits made allegations of this nature, sociologists reacted in three main ways: most denied the allegations, others reappropriated the derogatory label of excuse, while others still accepted criticism and called for a reformation of sociology. These epistemological stances can be properly understood only by studying the long history of debates around ‘sociological excuses’ in France and by analysing French sociology as a field of forces and struggles.

You Say You Want a Reformation? Parsing the Ubiquitous Rhetoric of an “Islamic Reformation”

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 37-73
Author(s):  
Paul R. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Political Change ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
History Of

The ideas of an “Islamic Reformation” and a “Muslim Luther” have been much discussed, especially since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. This “Reformation” rhetoric, however, displays little consistency, encompassing moderate, liberalizing trends as well as their putative opposite, Islamist “fundamentalism.” The rhetoric and the diverse phenomena to which it refers have provoked both enthusiastic endorsement and vigorous rejection. After briefly surveying the history of “Islamic Reformation” rhetoric, the present article argues for a four-part typology to account for most recent instances of such rhetoric. The analysis reveals that few who employ the terminology of an “Islamic Reformation” consider the specific details of its implicit analogy to the Protestant Reformation, but rather use this language to add emotional weight to various prescriptive agendas. However, some examples demonstrate the potential power of the analogy to illuminate important aspects of religious, social, and political change in the modern Islamic world.

State-of-the-Art Review on Anti-Ram Bollards

2011 ◽  
Vol 90-93 ◽  
pp. 3206-3213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Hu ◽  
Guo Qiang Li ◽  
Su Wen Chen ◽  
Wen Long Shi
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Crash Test ◽  
Improvised Explosive Devices ◽  
First Line ◽  
Certification Standard ◽  
History Of ◽  
Improvised Explosive ◽  
Explosive Devices

Perimeter protection is an important physical protection approach for buildings and infrastructures, which is also regarded as the first line of protection. Vehicle borne improvised explosive devices (VBIED) have been recognized as a major design threat by many government agencies for years, since they have been so extensively used in past terrorist attacks against critical buildings and infrastructures. Preventing unauthorized vehicles from approaching a protected area with vehicle barriers installed in perimeter of the buildings and infrastructures would consequently reduce blast and debris threats. The history of test certification standard for vehicle barriers is briefly reviewed. The research achievements on anti-ram bollards, one type of vehicle barriers, in the fields of crash test, numerical simulation, and design theory are presented. The remaining problems and deficiencies of the research are pointed out and the corresponding proposals are put forward. Finally, some further research works on anti-ram bollards are proposed.

Western politics may inflate Sahelian jihadi threat

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Security Cooperation ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Politics

Subject The militancy phenomenon. Significance The Sahel is often discussed in Western and international policy circles as a region with notable problems of porous borders, smuggling, trafficking and militant Islamists. In recent years, the Sahel has seen several high-profile terrorist attacks and violent incidents, and there is a history of Westerners being kidnapped in the Sahara. The political crisis in Mali in 2012-13 triggered military intervention by France and the deployment of a UN peacekeeping mission. Impacts High-profile terrorist attacks may recur in the Sahel but will remain rare. Regional security cooperation will grow only slowly. Militant groups will not form significant links across the region or outside it.

A Blighted History

ORBIT ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Laurence J. Alison ◽  
Neil D. Shortland ◽  
Frances Surmon-Böhr ◽  
Emily K. Alison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Real World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reliable Information ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Underlying Theory ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Enhanced Interrogation

This chapter outlines the history of “harsh” interrogation methods based on coercion and torture. This includes discussion of the US “Enhanced Interrogation” Program and the British military’s development and use of the “Five Techniques,” along with real-world examples, including the interrogation of two detainees thought to be associated with the 2001 9/11 terrorist attacks on the United States. The chapter discusses the underlying theory behind the use of torture and coercion and explains why these interrogation methods are ineffective at obtaining reliable information from detainees. It also describes the reasons why torture continues to be used. Such reasons relate to revenge, dehumanization, and hatred.

Role of Detention in the Process of Radicalization

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S17-S17
Author(s):  
N. Verbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
High Security ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Role of detention in the process of radicalization and opinions about detention regime and approach for the prevention of radicalization in jail.Following the terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels, more attention is being paid to the factors, which play a role in the radicalization process of some Western youth. It was found that a large number of radicalized youth have a history of detention and that often this period of detention played a key role in radicalization. As a psychiatrist working in a prison with a high security department where many suspects of terrorism are incarcerated stay, I was asked to advise on the detention regime and on the way of dealing with difficult inmates. In this presentation I would like to elaborate on the elements during detention which determine the process of radicalization of certain prisoners, based on the current knowledge about the radicalization process and on the knowledge about the background of radicalized individuals in combination with own observations and findings about the detention regime in prisons.Disclosure of interestNils [email protected]@fracarita.orgProposal EPA 2017.

Islamophobia

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altaf Husain
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Work ◽  
South Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
History Of

Islamophobia is not a new term but it has become commonly used in the United States following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. This entry provides an overview of the demographics of the Muslim population in the United States. The historical context in which the use of the term first emerged is then identified, followed by a discussion of the two major approaches to defining Islamophobia. The term connotes either outright anti-Muslim bigotry due to religious intolerance or racism and xenophobia toward people from the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia who are Muslim or who have a “Muslim-like” appearance. The history of anti-Muslim bigotry in the United States is traced from before the founding of the nation through present times. Implications are presented for social work with Muslim clients, organizations, and communities who may be impacted by anti-Muslim bigotry.

Reconfiguring Nationalism: The Roll Call of the Fallen Soldiers (1800–2001)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-43
Author(s):  
Valerio S. Severino
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
National Context ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Political Religion ◽  
European Experience ◽  
History Of Religions ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
First Time

Devastating tragedies, such as the 9/11 terrorist attacks or the massacre during the Polish protests of 1970, are still commemorated with a roll call of the victims’ names, which is publicly pronounced. As a matter of civil or political religion, this ritual is studied by political scientists and sociologists and restricted to a specific national context. For the first time, a comparative method of history of religions is applied in order to retrace the transnational diffusion of this nationalist ritual from the Napoleonic era, passing through the fascist European experience, to the present day. The changing of the aesthetic forms in which the ritual took and takes shape, by producing images of the community gathered, outlines an aesthetic realization of ‘imagined communities.’ This outline will be examined with reference to Benedict Anderson’s theory on the origin and spread of nationalism.

Introduction and Overview

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1070-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue C. Jacobs ◽  
Mark M. Leach ◽  
Lawrence H. Gerstein
Keyword(s):  
Hurricane Katrina ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Vocational Counseling ◽  
Mass Trauma ◽  
Strength Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Counseling Psychologists

Counseling psychologists have responded to many disasters, including the Haiti earthquake, the 2001 terrorist attacks in the United States, and Hurricane Katrina. However, as a profession, their responses have been localized and nonsystematic. In this first of four articles in this contribution, “Counseling Psychology and Large-Scale Disasters, Catastrophes, and Traumas: Opportunities for Growth,” the authors assert that counseling psychology can make important contributions in disaster research and response. Throughout all the articles, the authors use Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model of human development as a foundation from which to more broadly view counseling psychology’s role in training, prevention, intervention, and research in mass trauma work. Disasters affect individuals, families, communities, work places, and disaster responders. Thus, they require a multisystem analysis and response, which counseling psychologists can provide through their scientist-practitioner, strength-based approaches, supported by social justice values based in multicultural and vocational counseling. The authors also provide the history of the Society of Counseling Psychology’s response to disasters following Hurricane Katrina, from which the need for this contribution arose.

scholarly journals Anti Terrorism Legal Framework in Pakistan and Challenges before the Criminal Justice System

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Imran , Dr. Rao Qasim Idrees
Keyword(s):  
Justice System ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The State ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Sectarian Violence ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government

Terrorism is a global problem and it is becoming more complicated over the years. Most countries including Pakistan are adopting new measures to combat terrorism. However, the existing legal regime in Pakistan has several weaknesses and the government faces new challenges in fighting terrorism. This paper examines the anti-terrorism legislation of Pakistan by arguing that it has become unsuccessful to curb the threat of terrorism by fetching the terrorists to justice. This paper also provides analysis of the development of anti-terrorism laws in Pakistan after the September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US (9/11 attacks) through a broad history of progression as per the varying nature of the hazards faced by the State. Several governments made various legal mechanisms to cope with the criminalities those could not be sought under the ordinary judicial system of the State. Being the primary anti-terrorism legislation, the Anti-Terrorism Act, 1997 is used to handle the menace of sectarian violence in the State. Due to the 9/11 attack, throughout varying character of the danger caused by the Al-Qaeda or Taliban connected local terrorist Jihadi as well as sectarian organizations, Pakistan needs to amend not just the anti-terrorism procedure, but also required to introduce new related regulations to make the law more effective to aid speedy trials of the involved terrorists. This paper reviews critically the existing anti-terrorism laws, investigation techniques and trial processes adopted in Pakistan and identifies weaknesses and challenges in ensuring the effective implementation of the laws  

scholarly journals One hundred years (and counting) of blast-associated traumatic brain injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kinch ◽  
J L Fullerton ◽  
W Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
High Explosives ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Broad Overview

Blast-associated traumatic brain injury (TBI) has become one of the signature issues of modern warfare and is increasingly a concern in the civilian population due to a rise in terrorist attacks. Despite being a recognised feature of combat since the introduction of high explosives in conventional warfare over a century ago, only recently has there been interest in understanding the biology and pathology of blast TBI and the potential long-term consequences. Progress made has been slow and there remain remarkably few robust human neuropathology studies in this field. This article provides a broad overview of the history of blast TBI and reviews the pathology described in the limitedscientific studies found in the literature.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document