scholarly journals Having a child without wanting to? Estimates and contributing factors from a population-based survey in Sweden

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482096576
Author(s):  
Charlotte Deogan ◽  
Klara Abrahamsson ◽  
Louise Mannheimer ◽  
Charlotte Björkenstam
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
Good Health ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Induced Abortion ◽  
Contributing Factors

Aims: The aims of the current study were to identify the prevalence of unwanted childbirth (UC), to explore the association with sociodemographic factors and to identify possible contributing factors such as psychosomatic health, contraceptive use, experiences of induced abortion and sexual violence. Methods: We used Swedish data from the randomised population-based study SRHR2017 on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), based on self-administered surveys, linked to nationwide registers. The national sample consisted of 14,537 women and men aged between 16 and 84 years. With logistic regression, we examined differences in self-reported experience of UC, stratified by sex, in relation to socio-economic factors, as well as several possible contributing factors. Results: Despite advances in SRHR and fertility control, 6% of women and men in Sweden reported UC. This experience tends to be unevenly distributed in the population according to age, country of birth and, to some extent, income and educational attainment. Previous experience of induced abortion, sexual violence and threat from a partner were significantly associated with UC, whereas self-reported good health was protective. Conclusions: Mechanisms behind unintended, unplanned, unwanted or mistimed pregnancies are complex. Current results focus on the role of individual factors and personal experiences. In addition, in line with previous understanding, there is a need for adopting a broader socio-ecological perspective on fertility intentions.

scholarly journals Assessing the Role of Selection Bias in the Protective Relationship Between Caregiving and Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (11) ◽  
pp. 1961-1969
Author(s):  
Meghan L Smith ◽  
Timothy C Heeren ◽  
Lynsie R Ranker ◽  
Lisa Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Ancillary Study ◽  
Participation Bias ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Key Points

Abstract Caregivers have lower mortality rates than noncaregivers in population-based studies, which contradicts the caregiver-stress model and raises speculation about selection bias influencing these findings. We examined possible selection bias due to 1) sampling decisions and 2) selective participation among women (baseline mean age = 79 years) in the Caregiver-Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (Caregiver-SOF) (1999–2009), an ancillary study to the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF). Caregiver-SOF includes 1,069 SOF participants (35% caregivers) from 4 US geographical areas (Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; the Monongahela Valley, Pennsylvania; and Portland, Oregon). Participants were identified by screening all SOF participants for caregiver status (1997–1999; n = 4,036; 23% caregivers) and rescreening a subset of caregivers and noncaregivers matched on sociodemographic factors 1–2 years later. Adjusted hazard ratios related caregiving to 10-year mortality in all women initially screened, subsamples representing key points in constructing Caregiver-SOF, and Caregiver-SOF. Caregivers had better functioning than noncaregivers at each screening. The association between caregiving and mortality among women invited to participate in Caregiver-SOF (41% died; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.61, 0.88) was slightly more protective than that in all initially screened women (37% died; aHR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.95), indicating little evidence of selection bias due to sampling decisions, and was similar to that in Caregiver-SOF (39% died; aHR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57, 0.89), indicating no participation bias. These results add to a body of evidence that informal caregiving may impart health benefits.

scholarly journals Analisis Stakeholder untuk Mendukung Peran Banyuwangi Children Center dalam Upaya Menurunkan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Ira Nurmala ◽  
Jayanti Dian Eka Sari ◽  
Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi ◽  
Yuli Puspita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Against Children

Banyuwangi Children Center (BCC) is one of city mayor’s effort to prevent children’s sexual abuse. However, the community felt the role of BCC in preventing children’s sexual abuse was not optimal since 2016. Stakeholder’s engagement may play an important aspect to support BCC in preventing children’s sexual abuse. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of stakeholders in supporting BCC in the prevention of children sexual abuse. This study used a qualitative design with in-depth interview to all related to the prevention of children sexual abuse (Police department, women and children protection bureau, women empowerment and family planning bureau, and BCC. The results showed the role of the BCC was supported by the existence of policies on child-friendly areas from the local government, positive responses from active community involvement in reporting incidents of sexual violence against children, and good coordination by cross-sector in the socialization and handling of cases of sexual violence against children in Banyuwangi. Therefore, it can be concluded that stakeholders provide positive support in the role of the BCC but still need attention from local governments to provide facilities for cross-sectoral so that all cases of sexual violence against children in Banyuwangi can be handled properly. Keywords: stakeholder, Banyuwangi Children Center, child protection, sexual assault Abstrak Banyuwangi Children Center (BCC) merupakan salah satu upaya walikota Banyuwangi untuk meminimalisir kekerasan seksual pada anak. BCC terbentuk sejak 2016 namun perannya masih kurang dirasakan oleh masyarakat di Banyuwangi. Stakeholder merupakan pihak yang berperan penting untuk mendukung peran BCC di Banyuwangi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis peran stakeholder untuk mendukung peran BCC dalam upaya menurunkan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam pada tujuh informan yang memiliki kapasitas dalam memberikan informasi tentang perannya dalam mendukung BCC yaitu Kepolisian Resort Banyuwangi, Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A) Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Badan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Keluarga Berencana (BPPKB) dan Banyuwangi Children Center. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran BCC mendapat dukungan dengan adanya kebijakan tentang kawasan ramah anak dari pemerintah daerah, respon positif keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam melaporkan kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak, dan koordinasi yang baik oleh lintas sektor dalam sosialisasi dan penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa stakeholder memberikan dukungan yang positif dalam peran BCC namun masih perlu perhatian dari pemerintah daerah untuk menyediakan fasilitas bagi lintas sektor dan meningkatkan sosialisasi bagi masyarakat Banyuwangi agar seluruh kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi dapat tertangani dengan baik. Kata kunci: stakeholder, Banyuwangi Children Center, perlindungan anak, kekerasan seksual, good health and wellbeing

scholarly journals Analisis Stakeholder untuk Mendukung Peran Banyuwangi Children Center dalam Upaya Menurunkan Kekerasan Seksual pada Anak

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Ira Nurmala ◽  
Jayanti Dian Eka Sari ◽  
Desak Made Sintha Kurnia Dewi ◽  
Yuli Puspita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Violence Against Children

Banyuwangi Children Center (BCC) is one of city mayor’s effort to prevent children’s sexual abuse. However, the community felt the role of BCC in preventing children’s sexual abuse was not optimal since 2016. Stakeholder’s engagement may play an important aspect to support BCC in preventing children’s sexual abuse. The objective of this study was to analyze the role of stakeholders in supporting BCC in the prevention of children sexual abuse. This study used a qualitative design with in-depth interview to all related to the prevention of children sexual abuse (Police department, women and children protection bureau, women empowerment and family planning bureau, and BCC. The results showed the role of the BCC was supported by the existence of policies on child-friendly areas from the local government, positive responses from active community involvement in reporting incidents of sexual violence against children, and good coordination by cross-sector in the socialization and handling of cases of sexual violence against children in Banyuwangi. Therefore, it can be concluded that stakeholders provide positive support in the role of the BCC but still need attention from local governments to provide facilities for cross-sectoral so that all cases of sexual violence against children in Banyuwangi can be handled properly. Keywords: stakeholder, Banyuwangi Children Center, child protection, sexual assault Abstrak Banyuwangi Children Center (BCC) merupakan salah satu upaya walikota Banyuwangi untuk meminimalisir kekerasan seksual pada anak. BCC terbentuk sejak 2016 namun perannya masih kurang dirasakan oleh masyarakat di Banyuwangi. Stakeholder merupakan pihak yang berperan penting untuk mendukung peran BCC di Banyuwangi. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis peran stakeholder untuk mendukung peran BCC dalam upaya menurunkan kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan desain cross-sectional. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam pada tujuh informan yang memiliki kapasitas dalam memberikan informasi tentang perannya dalam mendukung BCC yaitu Kepolisian Resort Banyuwangi, Pusat Pelayanan Terpadu Perlindungan Perempuan dan Anak (P2TP2A) Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Badan Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Keluarga Berencana (BPPKB) dan Banyuwangi Children Center. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peran BCC mendapat dukungan dengan adanya kebijakan tentang kawasan ramah anak dari pemerintah daerah, respon positif keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam melaporkan kejadian kekerasan seksual pada anak, dan koordinasi yang baik oleh lintas sektor dalam sosialisasi dan penanganan kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa stakeholder memberikan dukungan yang positif dalam peran BCC namun masih perlu perhatian dari pemerintah daerah untuk menyediakan fasilitas bagi lintas sektor dan meningkatkan sosialisasi bagi masyarakat Banyuwangi agar seluruh kasus kekerasan seksual pada anak di Banyuwangi dapat tertangani dengan baik. Kata kunci: stakeholder, Banyuwangi Children Center, perlindungan anak, kekerasan seksual, good health and wellbeing

scholarly journals Comparing Internet Experiences and Prosociality in Amazon Mechanical Turk and Population-Based Survey Samples

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802311988983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Hargittai ◽  
Aaron Shaw
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
University Students ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mechanical Turk ◽  
Amazon Mechanical Turk ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Postal Mail ◽  
Population Based Survey

Given the high cost of traditional survey administration (postal mail, phone) and the limits of convenience samples such as university students, online samples offer a much welcomed alternative. Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) has been especially popular among academics for conducting surveys and experiments. Prior research has shown that AMT samples are not representative of the general population along some dimensions, but evidence suggests that these differences may not undermine the validity of AMT research. The authors revisit this comparison by analyzing responses to identical survey questions administered to both a U.S. national sample and AMT participants at the same time. The authors compare the two samples on sociodemographic factors, online experiences, and prosociality. The authors show that the two samples are different not just demographically but also regarding their online behaviors and standard survey measures of prosocial behaviors and attitudes. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for data collected on AMT.

Informed Consent Obtainment, Malpractice Litigation, and the Potential Role of Shared Decision-making Approaches

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Fryd Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Case Law ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Inadequate Information

AbstractMalpractice lawsuits are a substantial concern in health systems with miscommunication, inadequate information, and unsuccessful patient involvement in decision-making seeming to be contributing factors. This paper draws attention to the explicit role of informed consent (IC) obtainment in actualized complaint cases and to what extent novel methods to exercise IC through means of shared decision-making (SDM) and supporting tools might be applicable. A national sample of cases from the Health Professionals Disciplinary Board in Denmark is reviewed and discussed together with international legal instruments and case law. It is confirmed that patients claim their right to participate in decision-making about healthcare options. In many situations SDM and accompanying tools would apply and possibly they could sometimes prevent IC duty breaches, assist documenting IC procedures, and help avert the need for litigation.

Geographic and demographic disparities in neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): A population-based study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15694-e15694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Gosain ◽  
Somedeb Ball ◽  
Navpreet Kaur Rana ◽  
Adrienne Groman ◽  
Elizabeth Gage-Bouchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Tumor Biology ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Sociodemographic Disparities ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

e15694 Background: The incidence and prevalence of Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) are rapidly rising. There are very few studies investigating the role of sociodemographic factors on NETs. The aim of our study was to identify the disparities in the NET population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis utilizing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, and studied NETs patient population from 1973 to 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate patients’ disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS). Different socio-demographic factors including location of residence: urban area (UA) versus rural area (RA), gender, race, insurance status and marital status were included in the analysis. Results: A total of 53,522[ RA: N = 9,053; UA: N = 43,981] patients were included in the analysis. The incidence of NETs was found to be rising in both RA and UA but more rapidly in UA. RA was associated with more advanced stage at presentation in comparison to UA (p < 0.001). Cause-specific mortality remained higher in RA than UA throughout the study period. In the multivariate model, RA had a trend towards poorer DSS (HR:1.03, p = 0.399) and a worse OS compared to UA (HR = 1.06, p = 0.0003). Blacks had a poorer OS compared to non-Hispanic Whites (HR = 1.16, p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed significantly worse DSS and OS in uninsured, single and male patients compared to insured, married and female patients respectively. Conclusions: Our study identified sociodemographic disparities on NET outcomes. Access to healthcare could be a potential contributing factor although differences in environmental exposure, health behavior and tumor biology could also be responsible. Further population-based studies are required to address these disparities.

scholarly journals Trends and Contributing Factors to Contraceptive Use in Kenya: A Large Population-Based Survey 1989 to 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7065
Author(s):  
Asantesana Kamuyango ◽  
Wen-Hsuan Hou ◽  
Chung-Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Education

Kenya is among the leading nations in family planning in Africa, having the first official nationwide family planning program in sub-Saharan Africa. However, Kenya is still one of the most highly populated countries in Africa with a population of more than 52 million. The objective of this study was to assess the trends and contributing factors of contraceptive use. We conducted a multi-wave cross-sectional study using both the demographic health survey (DHS) and family planning effort index (FPE) datasets, analyzing five-year waves from 1989 to 2014. This study indicates that contraceptive use increased from 24.0% to 42.6%, with a change % of 77.5%. Despite changes in women’s characteristics, these characteristics posed little on the time trend of contraceptive use in Kenya. In addition, the policy component of FPE scores had a positive association with contraceptive use with negligible change after adjusting for social and demographic factors 1.055 (1.046–1.065). There was a fluctuating trend of the additional FPE components throughout the years. Women with lower education, those married to husbands with lower education, unmarried, and rural women remain behind in family planning service utilization. Targeted programs are still needed for these special groups. Policy adherence is vital for continued progress.

Ovarian Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penelope M. Webb ◽  
Susan J. Jordan ◽  
David J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Ovarian Cancer Risk ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Modest Effect

Apart from oral contraceptive use and, possibly, breastfeeding, there are few readily modifiable risk factors for ovarian cancer. There is little evidence for a role of diet while smoking appears to increase risk of mucinous ovarian tumors only. It is likely that obesity has a modest effect on risk, although this may be limited to the nonserous subtypes and/or women who do not use menopausal hormones, while the possible risk-reduction associated with use of aspirin has yet to be confirmed in prospective studies. It is unclear whether physical activity influences ovarian cancer risk. Together with the poor prognosis and the lack of procedures available for population-based routine screening, the lack of modifiable risk factors underscores the need for further research on preventable causes of ovarian cancer in addition to advances in treatment.

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