Changes in mortality trends amongst common diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden

Objective: It has been found that COVID-19 increases deaths within common diseases in countries that have implemented strict lockdowns. In order to elucidate the proper national response to a pandemic, the mortality rates within COVID-19 and various diseases need to be studied in countries whose pandemic response differ. Sweden represents a country with lax pandemic restrictions, and we aimed to study the effects of COVID-19 on historical mortality rates within common diseases during 2020. Methods: Regression models and moving averages were used to predict expected premature mortality per the ICD-10 during 2020 using historical data sets. Predicted values were then compared to recorded premature mortality to identify changes in mortality trends. Results: Seasonal increased mortality was found within neurological diseases. Infectious diseases, tumours and cardiac disease mortality rates decreased compared to expected outcome. Conclusions: Changes in mortality trends were observed for several common diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Neurological and cardiac conditions, infections and tumours are examples of diseases that were heavily affected by the pandemic. The indirect effects of COVID-19 on certain patient populations should be considered when determining pandemic impact.

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Premature Mortality in Canada

University of Toronto Journal of Public Health ◽

10.33137/utjph.v1i1.33812 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Catherine Liang ◽

Emmalin Buajitti ◽

Laura Rosella

Keyword(s):

Cause Of Death ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Vital Statistics ◽

Income Quintile ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Premature Deaths ◽

Central Canada ◽

Over Time

Introduction: Premature mortality (deaths before age 75) is a well-established metric of population health and health system performance. In Canada, underlying differences between provinces/territories present a need for stratified mortality trends. Methods: Using data from the Canadian Vital Statistics Database, a descriptive analysis of sex-specific adult premature deaths over 1992-2015 was conducted by province, census divisions (CD), socioeconomic status (SES), age, and underlying cause of death. Premature mortality rates were calculated as the number of deaths per 100,000 individuals aged 18 to 74, per 8-year era. SES was measured using the income quintile of the neighbourhood of residence. Absolute and relative inequalities were respectively summarized using slope and relative indices of inequality, produced via unadjusted linear regression of the mortality rate on income rank. Results: Premature mortality in Canada declined by 21% for males and 13% for females between 1992-1999 and 2008-2015. The greatest reductions were in Central Canada, while Newfoundland saw notable increases. CD-level improvements appeared mostly in the southern half of Canada. As of 2008-2015, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, and Nunavut had the highest mortality rates. Low area-level income was associated with higher mortality. SES inequalities grew over time. Newfoundland’s between-quintile differences rose from 1292 to 2389 deaths per 100k males, or 1.33 to 2.12-fold, and 586 to 1586 per 100k females, or 1.24 to 1.74-fold. In 2008-2015, mortality rates of the bottom quintile in Manitoba and Saskatchewan were more than 2.5 times those of the top. Mortality increased with age, and varied regionally. Low mortality in Central Canada and BC, and high mortality in the Territories were consistent across eras and sexes. Cause of death distributions shifted with age and sex, with more external deaths in younger males. Conclusion: Improvements were seen in adult premature mortality rates over time, but were unequal across geographies. Evidence exists for growing socioeconomic disparities in mortality.

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Ecologic association between influenza and COVID-19 mortality rates in European countries

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268820002125 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

Author(s):

S. Petti ◽

B. J. Cowling

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

The Elderly ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Population Based ◽

Control Measures ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Mortality ◽

Disease Mortality

Abstract Ecologic studies investigating COVID-19 mortality determinants, used to make predictions and design public health control measures, generally focused on population-based variable counterparts of individual-based risk factors. Influenza is not causally associated with COVID-19, but shares population-based determinants, such as similar incidence/mortality trends, transmission patterns, efficacy of non-pharmaceutical interventions, comorbidities and underdiagnosis. We investigated the ecologic association between influenza mortality rates and COVID-19 mortality rates in the European context. We considered the 3-year average influenza (2014–2016) and COVID-19 (31 May 2020) crude mortality rates in 34 countries using EUROSTAT and ECDC databases and performed correlation and regression analyses. The two variables – log transformed, showed significant Spearman's correlation ρ = 0.439 (P = 0.01), and regression coefficients, b = 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.272–1.214; R2 = 0.244; P = 0.003), b = 0.472 (95% confidence interval, 0.067–0.878; R2 = 0.549; P = 0.02), unadjusted and adjusted for confounders (population size and cardiovascular disease mortality), respectively. Common significant determinants of both COVID-19 and influenza mortality rates were life expectancy, influenza vaccination in the elderly (direct associations), number of hospital beds per population unit and crude cardiovascular disease mortality rate (inverse associations). This analysis suggests that influenza mortality rates were independently associated with COVID-19 mortality rates in Europe, with implications for public health preparedness, and implies preliminary undetected SARS-CoV-2 spread in Europe.

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Inequalities in lung cancer mortality trends in Brazil, 2000–2015

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-76165-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gisele Aparecida Fernandes ◽

Fabrício dos Santos Menezes ◽

Luiz Felipe Silva ◽

José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽

Tatiana Natasha Toporcov

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Socioeconomic Inequality ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Regression Method ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Historical Series ◽

Icd 10

Abstract The present study was conducted to evaluate the socioeconomic inequality related to lung cancer mortality rates and trends between 2000 and 2015 according to gender in Brazil. We retrieved the death records for cases of lung cancer (ICD-10 C33 C34) from 2000 to 2015 in adults age 30 years and older in Brazilian Regions from official databases (DATASUS) and corrected for ill-defined causes. The Prais-Winsten regression method and Pearson correlation were applied. The results were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. The correlation between the lung cancer mortality rates and the HDI decreased when the rates for the first and last years of the historical series were compared in men (r = 0.77; r = 0.58) and women (r = 0.64; r = 0.41). However, the correlation between the trends in the lung cancer mortality rates and the HDI was negative in men (r = − 0.76) and women (r = − 0.58), indicating larger reductions (or smaller additions) among the Federative Units with the highest HDI, in contrast to trends reflecting a greater increase in those with the lowest HDI. Our results suggest a relevant inequality in the trends of mortality from lung cancer in Brazil.

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Abstract 21: Years of Life Lost from Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanics

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.21 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Fatima Rodriguez ◽

Katherine Hastings ◽

Jiaqi Hu ◽

Latha Palaniappan

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

Premature Death ◽

Linear Interpolation ◽

Years Of Life Lost ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Precise Measure ◽

Underlying Cause Of Death

Background: Hispanics face a disproportionate burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors yet paradoxically experience lower death rates as compared to their non-Hispanic white (NHW) counterparts. Years of life lost (YLL) is a more precise measure of premature mortality. Hypothesis: We hypothesize there will be heterogeneity in the YLL due to CVD between Hispanic subgroups. Methods: We used data from the National Center for Health Statistics Mortality file to compare deaths for Hispanic (n=832,550) subgroups and NHWs (n=7,770,145) <75 years of age from 2003 to 2012. We identified all CVD deaths and by subtype (i.e. ischemic, cerebrovascular, hypertensive and heart failure) using the underlying cause of death (ICD-10: I00-I78, I20-I25, I60-I69, I11, I13 and I50, respectively). YLL was calculated by age categories standardizing with 2000 U.S. Census population. Population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from 2000 and 2010 U.S. Census. Results: After standardization, 11.4 year-losses per 1000 people due to CVD for NHWs and 8.2 per 1000 for Hispanics. Overall, Hispanics had lower YLL compared to NHWs and Puerto Ricans had higher losses among Hispanic subgroups. Most Hispanics had higher YLL for cerebrovascular disease than NHWs (Hispanics 1.1 times higher, Puerto Rican 1.2 times higher and Mexican 1.3 times higher) (Figure). Conclusions: Premature mortality from CVD varies greatly by Hispanic subgroups. These findings suggest the importance of disaggregating CVD mortality by Hispanic subgroup and using more sensitive measures of premature death in public health analyses.

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Mortality inequalities from major causes of death in Lithuania by education during 2001-2014

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz186.210 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

O Meščeriakova-Veliulienė ◽

R Kalėdienė ◽

S Sauliūnė ◽

S Kaselienė

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Post Secondary ◽

Educational Group ◽

Icd 10 ◽

Educational Groups ◽

Higher Educational ◽

External Causes

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to evaluate mortality inequalities from major causes of death by education in Lithuania during 2001-2014. Methods Information on deaths (aged 30+) from cardiovascular diseases (ICD-10 codes I00-I99), cancer (ICD-10 codes C00-C97), external causes (ICD-10 codes V01-Y98), and digestive system diseases (ICD-10 codes K00-K93) was obtained from Statistics Lithuania. Mortality rates from these causes were calculated by the level of education (high (post-secondary non-tertiary, tertiary) and low (unknown, preprimary or no education, primary, lower secondary, upper secondary)) per 100,000 person-years. For the assessment of mortality trends during 2001-2014, the Joinpoint regression analysis was applied. Results During the analyzed period, mortality from all major causes was higher in the lower educational group (p < 0.05). The most prominent differences in mortality rates between educational groups were found from external causes and cardiovascular diseases. Mortality from cardiovascular diseases (by 2.22% per year), cancer (by 1.87% per year) and particularly from external causes (by 5.2% per year) declined in higher educational group (p < 0.05). In the lower educational groups mortality declined only from cardiovascular diseases (by 0.73% per year), however mortality increased from cancer (by 0.64% per year) and digestion system diseases (by 5.20% per year) (p < 0.05). Conclusions Mortality from major causes of death in both educational groups changed unevenly during 2001-2014. In higher educational group mortality declined from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and especially from external causes, while in lower educational group - just from cardiovascular diseases. Key messages In Lithuania, there are still significant inequalities in mortality from the major causes of death by education. Therefore, more attention should be paid for the improvement of the health of the population with lower education.

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Coronary heart disease mortality is decreasing in Argentina, and Colombia, but keeps increasing in Mexico: a time trend study

10.21203/rs.2.15227/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carmen Arroyo-Quiroz ◽

Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez ◽

Martin O'Flaherty ◽

Maria Guzman-Castillo ◽

Lina Sofia Palacio Mejia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Latin American ◽

Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Middle Income ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Garbage Code

Abstract Background: Mortality rates due to coronary heart disease (CHD) have decreased in most countries, but increased in low and middle-income countries. Few studies have analyzed the trends of coronary heart disease mortality in Latin America, specifically the trends in young-adults and the effect of correcting these comparisons for nonspecific causes of death (garbage codes). The objective of this study was to describe and compare standardized, age-specific, and garbage-code corrected mortality trends for coronary heart disease from 1985 to 2015 in Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico. Methods: Deaths from coronary heart disease were grouped by country, year of registration, sex, and 10-year age bands to calculate age-adjusted and age and sex-specific rates for adults aged ≥25. We corrected for garbage-codes using the methodology proposed by the Global Burden of Disease. Finally, we fitted Joinpoint regression models.Results: In 1985, age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population were 136.6 in Argentina, 160.6 in Colombia, and 87.51 in Mexico; by 2015 rates decreased 51% in Argentina and 6.5% in Colombia, yet increased by 61% in Mexico, where an upward trend in mortality was observed in young adults. Garbage-code corrections produced increases in mortality rates, particularly in Argentina with approximately 80 additional deaths per 100,000, 14 in Colombia and 13 in Mexico.Conclusions: Latin American countries are at different stages of the cardiovascular disease epidemic. Garbage code correction produce large changes in the mortality rates in Argentina, yet smaller in Mexico and Colombia, suggesting garbage code corrections may be needed for specific countries. While coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is falling in Argentina, modest falls in Colombia and substantial increases in Mexico highlight the need for the region to propose and implement population-wide prevention policies.

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Still’s Disease Mortality Trends in France, 1979–2016: A Multiple-Cause-of-Death Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10194544 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (19) ◽

pp. 4544

Author(s):

Caroline Borciuch ◽

Mathieu Fauvernier ◽

Mathieu Gerfaud-Valentin ◽

Pascal Sève ◽

Yvan Jamilloux

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Still’S Disease ◽

Blood Disorders ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Still's Disease ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Underlying Cause Of Death

Still’s disease (SD) is often considered a benign disease, with low mortality rates. However, few studies have investigated SD mortality and its causes and most of these have been single-center cohort studies. We sought to examine mortality rates and causes of death among French decedents with SD. We performed a multiple-cause-of-death analysis on data collected between 1979 and 2016 by the French Epidemiological Center for the Medical Causes of Death. SD-related mortality rates were calculated and compared with the general population (observed/expected ratios, O/E). A total of 289 death certificates mentioned SD as the underlying cause of death (UCD) (n = 154) or as a non-underlying causes of death (NUCD) (n = 135). Over the study period, the mean age at death was 55.3 years (vs. 75.5 years in the general population), with differences depending on the period analyzed. The age-standardized mortality rate was 0.13/million person-years and was not different between men and women. When SD was the UCD, the most frequent associated causes were cardiovascular diseases (n = 29, 18.8%), infections (n = 25, 16.2%), and blood disorders (n = 11, 7.1%), including six cases (54%) with macrophage activation syndrome. As compared to the general population, SD decedents aged <45 years were more likely to die from a cardiovascular event (O/E = 3.41, p < 0.01); decedents at all ages were more likely to die from infection (O/E = 7.96–13.02, p < 0.001).

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Coronary heart disease mortality is decreasing in Argentina and Colombia, but keeps increasing in Mexico: a time trend study

10.21203/rs.2.15227/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carmen Arroyo-Quiroz ◽

Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez ◽

Martin O'Flaherty ◽

Maria Guzman-Castillo ◽

Lina Sofia Palacio Mejia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Heart Disease ◽

Young Adults ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Latin American ◽

Coronary Heart Disease Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Middle Income ◽

Disease Mortality ◽

Garbage Code

Abstract Background: Mortality rates due to coronary heart disease (CHD) have decreased in most countries, but increased in low and middle-income countries. Few studies have analyzed the trends of coronary heart disease mortality in Latin America, specifically the trends in young-adults and the effect of correcting these comparisons for nonspecific causes of death (garbage codes). Objective: To describe and compare standardized, age-specific, and garbage-code corrected mortality trends for coronary heart disease from 1985 to 2015 in Argentina, Colombia, and Mexico. Methods: Deaths from coronary heart disease were grouped by country, year of registration, sex, and 10-year age bands to calculate age-adjusted and age and sex-specific rates for adults aged ≥25. We corrected for garbage-codes using the methodology proposed by the Global Burden of Disease. Finally, we fitted Joinpoint regression models. Results: In 1985, age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 population were 136.6 in Argentina, 160.6 in Colombia, and 87.51 in Mexico; by 2015 rates decreased 51% in Argentina and 6.5% in Colombia, yet increased by 61% in Mexico, where an upward trend in mortality was observed in young adults. Garbage-code corrections produced increases in mortality rates, particularly in Argentina with approximately 80 additional deaths per 100,000, 14 in Colombia and 13 in Mexico. Conclusions: Latin American countries are at different stages of the cardiovascular disease epidemic. Garbage code correction produce large changes in the mortality rates in Argentina, yet smaller in Mexico and Colombia, suggesting garbage code corrections may be needed for specific countries. While coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is falling in Argentina, modest falls in Colombia and substantial increases in Mexico highlight the need for the region to propose and implement population-wide prevention policies.

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On the Graduation of ‘Amounts’

British Actuarial Journal ◽

10.1017/s135732170000338x ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 185-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.E. Renshaw ◽

P. Hatzopoulos

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Detailed Account ◽

Underlying Structure ◽

Data Sets ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

The United Kingdom

ABSTRACTThe provision of graduated mortality rates, for the United Kingdom pensioners' experience, based on the so-called ‘amounts’ data sets is addressed. Specifically a methodology is investigated, building on the existing methods practiced by the CMI Bureau, which takes a more detailed account of the underlying structure of the data involved. The method is applied to the U.K. pensioners' experience and recent mortality trends in this experience revealed.

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Socioeconomic inequality in recent adverse mortality trends in Scotland

10.1101/542472 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lynda Fenton ◽

Grant Wyper ◽

Gerry McCartney ◽

Jon Minton

Keyword(s):

Premature Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽

List Type ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Inequalities In Health ◽

Socioeconomic Gradient ◽

Mortality Improvement ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mortality Improvements

Structured AbstractBackgroundGains in life expectancies have stalled in Scotland, as in several other countries, since around 2012. The relationship between stalling mortality improvements and socioeconomic inequalities in health is unclear.MethodsWe calculate the percentage improvement in age-standardised mortality rates (ASMR) in Scotland overall, by sex, and by Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintile and gender, for two periods: 2006-2011 and 2012-2017. We then calculate the socioeconomic gradient in improvements for both periods.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2011, ASMRs fell by 10.6% (10.1% in females; 11.8% in males), but between 2012 and 2017 ASMRs only fell by 2.6% (3.5% in females; 2.0% in males). The socioeconomic gradient in ASMR improvement more than quadrupled, from 0.4% per quintile in 2006-2011 (0.7% in females; 0.6% in males) to 1.7% (2.0% in females; 1.4% in males). Within the most deprived quintile, ASMRs fell in the 2006-2011 period (8.6% overall; 7.2% in females; 9.8% in males), but rose in the 2012-2017 period (by 1.5% overall; 0.7% in females; 2.1% in males).ConclusionAs mortality improvements in Scotland stalled in 2012-2017, socioeconomic gradients in mortality became steeper, with increased mortality rates over this period in the most socioeconomically deprived fifth of the population.What we already knowImprovements in mortality rates slowed markedly around 2012 in Scotland and a number of other high-income countries.Scotland has large socioeconomic health inequalities, and the absolute gap in premature mortality between most and least deprived has increased since 2013.The relationship between stalling mortality improvements and socioeconomic inequalities in health is unclear.What this study addsStalling in mortality improvement has occurred across the whole population of Scotland, but is most acute in the most socioeconomically deprived areas.Mortality improvements went into reverse (i.e. deteriorated) in the most deprived fifth of areas between 2012 and 2017.Research to further characterise and explain recent aggregate trends should incorporate consideration of the importance of socioeconomic inequalities within proposed explanations.

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