Chronic physical health conditions and associated factors among people with serious orthopaedic injuries: A systematic review

Introduction A clear understanding of the development of chronic physical health conditions following orthopaedic injury is essential to fully recognise the magnitude and burden of injury, improve treatment and predict certain outcomes. This review aimed at systematically identifying and evaluating current evidence of the incidence and prevalence of chronic physical health conditions and factors associated with chronic physical health conditions following serious orthopaedic injury. Materials and method Systematic literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase via Ovid, Cochrane Library and Ovid Emcare up to 30 December 2018. Observational studies relating to the incidence or prevalence of chronic physical health conditions and associated factors in people with serious orthopaedic injuries were included. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were carried out independently by 2 reviewers. Result Of the 4835 references identified in the initial search, only five studies with sample sizes ranging from 83 to 3846 met the criteria for inclusion. The most prevalent conditions reported in people with serious orthopaedic injury included coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic heart failure. Bronchial, rectal, prostate and breast cancers were also causes of late death in orthopaedic injury survivors. Most of the studies included in this review were unable to determine whether these conditions were related to injuries. Conclusions Chronic physical health conditions are prevalent among people with serious orthopaedic injury. Little is known about factors associated with chronic physical health conditions following serious orthopaedic injury or whether physical health conditions are associated with injury. Further work needs to be done to identify causal pathways and the longer-term effects of orthopaedic injury on the risk of developing chronic physical health conditions.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Self-Medication Practices in India: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

Current Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1574884714666191122103953 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 90-101

Author(s):

Muhammed Rashid ◽

Manik Chhabra ◽

Ananth Kashyap ◽

Krishna Undela ◽

Sai K. Gudi

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Lower Class ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Minor Ailments ◽

The Mean

Background: Self-Medication (SM) is a practice of using medications to treat selfdiagnosed symptoms without a legitimate prescription by a health care professional. Alongside posing a burden on a patient, SM practices are associated with certain unfavourable health conditions such as drug-resistance, adverse effects, drug-interactions, including death. Objective: To systematically review and quantify the prevalence of SM practices and its associated factors in India. Methodology: A comprehensive systematic search was performed using scientific databases such as PubMed and Cochrane library for the peer-reviewed research articles that were conducted in India without any language and date restrictions. Studies which were cross-sectional by design and assessing the prevalence and predictors of SM practices in India were considered for the review, and all the relevant articles were screened for their eligibility. Results: Of 248 articles, a total of 17 articles comprising of 10,248 participants were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the mean prevalence of SM practices in India was observed to be 53.57%. Familiarity with the medication appears to be a major reason to practice SM (PR: 30.45; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 17.08-43.82; 6 studies), and the practice was noticed more among individuals from a middle-lower class family with a prevalence rate of 26.31 (95%CI: 2.02-50.60; P<0.0001). Minor ailments were the primary reason for practicing SM (PR: 42.46; 95%CI: 21.87- 63.06), among which headache was the most commonly reported (PR: 41.53; 95%CI: 18.05-65.02). Conclusion: Self-medication practices are quite frequent in India. While NSAIDs and anti-allergens are the most frequently utilized self-medicated drugs used for headache and cold and cough.

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Frailty profile in Brazilian older adults

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2018052000616 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (Suppl 2) ◽

pp. 17s ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Juliana Mara Andrade ◽

Yeda Aparecida De Oliveira Duarte ◽

Luciana Correia Alves ◽

Flávia Cristina Drumond Andrade ◽

Paulo Roberto De Souza Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Daily Living ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Functional Limitation ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Baseline Survey ◽

Poisson Regression Model ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Health Factors

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and to evaluate the associated factors in the non-institutionalized Brazilian population aged 50 years or older. METHODS: The analyses were conducted in 8,556 participants of the baseline survey of the Longitudinal Study of Health of the Brazilian Elderly (ELSI-Brazil) conducted in 2015 and 2016. Frailty was defined based on five characteristics: weight loss, weakness, slowness, exhaustion and low level of physical activity. Participants with three or more characteristics were classified as frail. A Poisson regression model was used to examine the association between frailty and sociodemographic and health factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of frailty was 9.0% (95%CI 8.0–10.1) among participants aged 50 years or over. Among the older adults aged 60 or over, the prevalence was 13.5% (95%CI 11.9–15.3) and 16.2% (95%CI 14.3–18.3) among those 65 aged years or over. Factors associated with higher prevalence of frailty were low schooling, residence without a partner, health conditions (poor self-rated health and two or more chronic diseases) and limitation to perform basic activities of daily living. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of frailty among Brazilians aged 65 years or older is similar to their European counterparts. Poor health conditions, functional limitation and low schooling emerge as the factors most strongly associated with the frailty in this population.

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Physical health comorbidities in women with personality disorder: Data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.12.007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

SE Quirk ◽

AL Stuart ◽

SL Brennan-Olsen ◽

JA Pasco ◽

M Berk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Physical Health ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Medication Use ◽

Self Report ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Causal Pathways ◽

Eastern Australia ◽

Health Comorbidities

AbstractBackgroundAssociations between common psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders and physical health comorbidities are frequently investigated. The complex relationship between personality disorders (PDs) and physical health is less understood, and findings to date are varied. This study aims to investigate associations between PDs with a number of prevalent physical health conditions.MethodsThis study examined data collected from women (n = 765; ≥ 25 years) participating in a population-based study located in south-eastern Australia. Lifetime history of psychiatric disorders was assessed using the semi-structured clinical interviews (SCID-I/NP and SCID-II). The presence of physical health conditions (lifetime) were identified via a combination of self-report, medical records, medication use and clinical data. Socioeconomic status, and information regarding medication use, lifestyle behaviors, and sociodemographic information was collected via questionnaires. Logistic regression models were used to investigate associations.ResultsAfter adjustment for sociodemographic variables (age, socioeconomic status) and health-related factors (body mass index, physical activity, smoking, psychotropic medication use), PDs were consistently associated with a range of physical health conditions. Novel associations were observed between Cluster A PDs and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD); Cluster B PDs with syncope and seizures, as well as arthritis; and Cluster C PDs with GORD and recurrent headaches.ConclusionsPDs were associated with physical comorbidity. The current data contribute to a growing evidence base demonstrating associations between PDs and a number of physical health conditions independent of psychiatric comorbidity, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Longitudinal studies are now required to investigate causal pathways, as are studies determining pathological mechanisms.

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The magnitude of adherence to option B plus program and associated factors among women in eastern African countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09903-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Reta Tsegaye ◽

Werku Etafa ◽

Bizuneh Wakuma ◽

Getu Mosisa ◽

Diriba Mulisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Early Treatment ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Treatment Initiation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Counseling Services ◽

African Countries ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background Despite coverage and benefits associated with the prevention of mothers to child transmission (PMTCT) services, mothers’ adherence to option B plus is still a challenge. Though few primary studies are available on the magnitude of adherence to option B plus and factors associated in Eastern African countries, they do not provide strong evidence in helping policymakers to address suboptimal adherence to option B plus. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was intended to estimate the pooled magnitude of adherence to option B plus program and associated factors among women in Eastern African countries. Methods PubMed, Medline, HINARI, Cochrane library, the Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for studies reported on the magnitude of adherence to option B plus among women in Eastern African countries. The search terms used were “option B plus”, “magnitude”, “prevalence”, “PMTCT”, “ART adherence”, “associated factors”, “all lists of Eastern African countries” and their combination by Boolean operators. The effect sizes of the meta-analysis were the magnitude of adherence to option B plus and the odds ratio of the associated factors. STATA/SE V14 was used for statistical analysis, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Results Fourteen studies having total participants of 4883 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Using the random effect model, the pooled prevalence of adherence to option B plus was 71.88% (95% CI: 58.54–85.23%). The factors associated with good adherence to option B plus PMTCT program were partner support (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 4.13; 95% CI: 2.78–6.15), received counseling services (AOR = 4.12, 95% CI: 2.81–6.02), disclosure of HIV status to partner (AOR = 4.38; 95% CI: 1.79–10.70), and clinical stage of HIV/AIDS I/II (AOR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.53–4.46). Conclusion The level of adherence to option B plus program in Eastern African countries was generally sub-optimal. Thus, a coordinated effort is needed to raise the number of mothers to be tested, and early treatment initiation for HIV positive mothers before the disease advances. Furthermore, counseling services for couples on the importance of early treatment initiation and adherence to medications must be given due attention.

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Factors associated with multimorbidity in the elderly: an integrative literature review

Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-22562019022.180154 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laércio Almeida de Melo ◽

Luciana de Castro Braga ◽

Fabíola Pessôa Pereira Leite ◽

Breno Fortes Bittar ◽

Jéssica Mayara de Figueirêdo Oséas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Family Income ◽

Demographic Factors ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Elderly Persons ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Socioeconomic And Demographic Factors

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with multimorbidity in the elderly through an integrative literature review. Method: The “Cochrane Library”, “MEDLINE”, “Web of Science”, “Scopus” and “LILACS” databases were used, as well as the “SciELO” virtual library and the electronic search engine “Google Academic”. The following search terms were applied: “multimorbidity”; “multi-morbidity”; “comorbidity; “multiple diseases”; “elderly”; “major adults”, “older people”, “older persons”, “aged”, “associated factors”, “correlated factors”, “socioeconomic factors” and “demographic factors.” The inclusion criterion was that the object of the study was the elderly population with multimorbidity. Studies in which multimorbidity was not the dependent variable were excluded. Results: a total of seven articles were included in this review. A prevalence of multimorbidity in the elderly ranging from 30.7% to 57% was found. The associated factors were smoking, alcohol consumption, lived in rural areas, low levels of schooling, the female gender, older elderly persons and not living with children. In the majority of articles a low level of family income was also associated with multimorbidity. Conclusion: The results suggest that multimorbidity in the elderly is a common condition and that it is influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors, lifestyle and family structure.

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The psychological and behavioural factors associated with laypeople initiating CPR for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing ◽

10.1093/eurjcn/zvab060.045 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

B Farquharson ◽

D Dixon ◽

B Williams

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Synthesis Methods ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Lay People ◽

Behavioural Factors ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Chief Scientist Office, Scottish Government OnBehalf BICeP Study Group Background Prompt, effective CPR greatly increases the chances of survival in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, it is often not provided, even by people who have previously undertaken training. Psychological and behavioural factors are likely to be important in relation to CPR initiation by lay-people but have not yet been systematically identified. Objective To identify the psychological and behavioural factors associated with CPR initiation amongst lay-people. Methods Data sources Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycInfo and Google Scholar. Study eligibility criteria Primary studies reporting psychological or behavioural factors and data on CPR initiation involving lay-people published (inception to 15th January 2020). Study appraisal and synthesis methods Potential studies were screened and quality assessed independently by two reviewers. Study characteristics, psychological and behavioural factors associated with CPR initiation were extracted from included studies, categorised by study type and synthesised narratively. Results Ninety studies (132,429 participants) comprising various designs, populations and of mostly weak quality were identified. The strongest and most ecologically valid studies identified factors associated with CPR initiation: the overwhelming emotion of the situation, perceptions of capability, uncertainty about when CPR is appropriate, feeling unprepared and fear of doing harm. Current evidence is limited by a preponderance of atheoretical cross-sectional surveys using unvalidated measures with relatively little formal testing of posited ‘predictors’. Conclusions We will present the psychological and behavioural factors that are likely useful foci for future interventions aiming to increase CPR initiation. The literature in this area would benefit from more robust study designs which make greater use of theory.

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Plant power? A systematic review of the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental illness

10.1101/2020.09.28.20203026 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Heather Catt ◽

Jane Beenstock ◽

Ummaz Nadeem ◽

Adam Joiner

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Physical Health ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Control Group ◽

Mental Health Conditions ◽

Positive Effects

Objective There is increasing interest in plant-based diets in the general population and an increasing evidence base for the positive impact of plant-based diets on health outcomes for many chronic diseases. This systematic review aims to identify the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental health conditions. Methods A systematic review of intervention and observational studies. We conducted a systematic electronic search of MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), PsycINFO (ProQuest), British Nursing Index (ProQuest), CINAHL (EBSCO) and the Cochrane library to April 2019, with no date limits. We extracted data on outcomes and assessed the studies for bias using validated tools. Results We retrieved 588 studies. One study met the inclusion criteria with high risk of bias. The intervention was a plant-based diet for people with moderate to severe depression, without a control group. The study recruited 500 people, but recorded 66.8% attrition. Of the completers, 62% reported improvements in depressive symptoms, and 59% in anxiety symptoms. Completers lost 5.7lbs (2.6kg) during the trial and 15lb (6.8kg) at six month follow up. Conclusion There is not enough research to make conclusions about the effects of plant-based diets on people with mental health conditions. Given the evidence for positive effects of plant-based diets on physical health, further research is urgently required to understand the effects on people with mental health conditions. This will support the provision of advice and guidance for patients with mental illness who want to optimise their diet to improve their mental and physical health. PROSPERO registration: CRD42019133440

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Available evidence on risk factors associated with COVID-19's poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil

REVISTA CIÊNCIAS EM SAÚDE ◽

10.21876/rcshci.v10i2.985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bruna Rinaldi ◽

João Pedro S. N. Rinaldi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Brazilian Government

Objectives: Analyse availability and quality of existing evidence on COVID-19's risk factors and underlying health conditions that are associated with poorer outcomes, worldwide and in Brazil. Methods: EBMR (Ovid), Google Scholar, MEDLINE (OvidSP), PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO) and Cochrane Library databases were screened, plus Brazilian government epidemiological reports. A body of 25 articles plus 1 report met the inclusion criteria. Results: Available data are still disconnected and several biases exist throughout literature, mainly due to COVID-19 novelty aspect. Hypertension was the most analysed risk factor, followed by diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Availability of Brazilian data is significantly scarce and only governmental reports are readily available. Conclusion: Further studies, with good methodological designs, are needed to provide good levels of evidence in order to provide solid background to help the pandemic’s mitigation strategies.

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