scholarly journals A comparison of scale attributes between interval-valued and semantic differential scales

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-407
Author(s):  
Christos Themistocleous ◽  
Anastasios Pagiaslis ◽  
Andrew Smith ◽  
Christian Wagner

This article presents the results of an exploratory study comparing interval-valued scales (IVSs) and semantic differential scales (SDSs). The article investigates consumer perceptions regarding specific scale attributes and utilizes a controlled, between-subjects, experimental pen-and-paper design to assess the preferences of respondents when using the IVSs and SDSs. The rationale of this comparison lies with the fact that the newly introduced IVS has a built-in mechanism that allows the direct capture of respondent uncertainty toward the asked question, a feature that is absent from the SDS and other widely used, single-point capturing scales in marketing research such as the Likert and Stapel. Results show that overall consumer preferences of the IVS and SDS are equal, although “speed of use” results favor the IVS. The consistency of respondent evaluations regarding the two scales may indicate their interchangeability in marketing research and opens up pathways for future exploration of IVSs for the accumulation of more reliable and robust results. The main contribution of the article is the introduction of a novel IVS, within the context of marketing, for collecting respondent answers while also directly capturing respondent uncertainty. Furthermore, this article adds to the discussion of consumer perceptions and preferences regarding different scales, scale development, and optimal rating scales that may lessen ambiguity for survey respondents and researchers.

Author(s):  
Putri Lisdiyanti ◽  
Fatma Aula Nursyifa ◽  
Riskiatul Mutamima ◽  
Finka Yuanita ◽  
Gita Marini

ABSTRACT  Occurrence at risk of infection, risk of injury and stress of hospitalization are three events that often occur in children who are hospitalized with infusion. During this time the efforts of these events have only been overcome by the installation of a buffer on the hand and fixation with gauze rolls that are looped on the child's arm only so that this can only reduce the risk of infection. Provision of infusion nest products (infusion gloves) is an effort to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these three events. Infusion nest products are creative innovations that have been made because so far there are no similar products in hospitals.Marketing research on consumers of nest infusion products is carried out to determine the potential of the market and the behaviors that develop in consumers so that clear information about the customers of infusion nest products can be obtained, especially in hospitals that are sheltered by Muhammadiyah Hospital in Surabaya-Sidoarjo. One of the important data to analyze is data about certain segments of the customer and how the infusion nest producers are able to place their product position on consumer perceptions. This is very important to determine the marketing strategy. appropriate.Customers from hospitals that are in large numbers in Surabaya and scattered are certainly not possible to analyze all, so we need a marketing research procedure by taking samples. samples designed to obtain data on demographic characteristics, psychography, behavior and consumer preferences. In addition, information about perceptual maping from consumers on infusion nest products is needed to find out the map of respondents' perceptions of the nest infusion product attributes. From consumer preference data on marketing attributes of nest infusion products customer segmentation can be done to obtain information about groups of customers based on the choice of the most important attributes. In addition, each segment can be described the characteristics of psychography, demographics and behavior to see the characteristics of each segment. The data about positioning provides information on product position in customer perceptions based on marketing attributes that are superior to infusion nest products.From the data obtained from filling out the questionnaire after validation through Focus Group Discussion with child nurse nurses in two Muhammadiyah Hospital (RS) namely Siti Khodijah Hospital Along and RSIA Aisyiah Pacarkeling Surabaya it was found that infusion nest customers, can be grouped into 2 groups with preference characteristics, demographics, psychography, and different behaviors. While the positioning of infusion nest products in consumer perceptions is still relatively close to a number of superior attributes, such as there are no similar products on the market, products are comfortable for children, products can make it easier for nurses to observe infusion conditions in accordance with hospital accreditation but prices offered by producers can increase the cost of installing IVs so that they can only be temporarily reached by patient patients non BPJS users.Keywords                   : Infusion nest products, positioningCorrespondence to       : [email protected] ABSTRAK  Kejadian Resiko Infeksi, resiko cidera dan stress hospitalisasi merupakan tiga kejadian yang seringkali terjadi pada anak yang mengalami rawat inap yang terpasang infus. Selama ini upaya kejadian tersebut hanya diatasi dengan pemasangan penyangga pada tangan dan fiksasi dengan kasa gulung yang dilingkarkan pada lengan anak saja sehingga hal ini hanya dapat mengurangi kejadian resiko infeksi saja. Pemberian produk sarang infus (sarung tangan infus) merupakan upaya untuk mencegah dan mengurangi terjadinya  ketiga kejadian tersebut. Produk sarang infus merupakan inovasi kreatif yang telah dibuat karena selama ini tidak ada produk serupa yang ada di rumah sakit.Riset pemasaran terhadap konsumen produk sarang infus dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi – potensi pasar dan prilaku – prilaku yang berkembang pada konsumen sehingga dapat diperoleh informasi yang jelas tentang pelanggan produk sarang infus khususnya di Rumah Sakit yang bernaung pada persyarikatan Muhammadiyah di Surabaya-Sidoarjo. Salah satu data yang penting untuk di analisis adalah data tentang segmen – segmen tertentu dari pelanggan serta bagaimana produsen sarang infus tersebut mampu menempatkan posisi produknya pada persepsi konsumen. Hal ini sangat penting untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran. yang sesuai. Pelanggan dari rumah sakit yang jumlahnya banyak di Surabaya dan terpencar – pencar tentunya tidak mungkin kita analisis semua, sehingga diperlukan prosedur riset pemasaran dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel. sampel yang didesain untuk men -dapatkan data tentang karakteristik demografi, psikografi, prilaku dan preferensi konsumen. Selain itu informasi tentang perceptual maping dari konsumen terhadap produk sarang infus sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui peta persepsi responden terhadap atribut produk sarang infus. Dari data preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut pemasaran produk sarang infus dapat dilakukan segmentasi pelanggan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kelompok – kelompok pelanggan berdasarkan pilihan terhadap atribut yang paling dipentingkan. Selain itu masing – masing segmen dapat dideskripsikan karakteristik psikografi, demografi dan prilakunya untuk melihat ciri – ciri yang dimiliki masing – masing segmen. Adapun data tentang positioning memberikan informasi posisi produk dalam persepsi pelanggan berdasarkan atribut pemasaran yang diunggulkan pleh produk sarang infus.Dari data yang diperoleh dari pengisian kuisioner setelah validasi melalui Fokus Group Discussion dengan perawat perawat anak di dua Rumah sakit (RS) Muhammadiyah yaitu RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang dan RSIA Aisyiah Pacarkeling Surabaya didapatkan bahwa pelanggan sarang infus, dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok dengan karakteristik preferensi, demografi, psikografi, dan prilaku yang berbeda – beda. Sedangkan positioning produk sarang infus dalam persepsi konsumen masih  relatif berdekatan untuk beberapa atribut yang diunggulkan, seperti belum ada produk serupa di pasar, produk nyaman dipakai oleh anak-anak, produk dapat memudahkan perawat untuk mengobservasi kondisi infus sesuai dengan tujuan akreditasi rumah sakit namun harga yang ditawarkan produsen dapat meningkatkan biaya pasang infus sehingga untuk sementara hanya dapat dijangkau oleh pasien pasien non pengguna BPJS.Kata kunci                  : produk sarang infus, positioning,segmentasiKorespondensi             : [email protected]


Methodology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Martínez ◽  
Manuel Ruiz Marín

The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.


Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Roberta Moruzzo ◽  
Simone Mancini ◽  
Fabio Boncinelli ◽  
Francesco Riccioli

Insect-based food is not common in Europe, because most people do not consider insects to be edible, but rather a threat and a health risk. Fear and refusal to eat a new food product introduced into a culture is called food neophobia, which results in a hesitation to trying and experimenting with new foods. Although there is significant interest in this novel sector, there is a lack of research on the link between rejection, the level of food neophobia, and consumer behavior related to the introduction of insects into the diet. In this study, through 420 questionnaires, a specific experimental scale of insects was introduced which, together with a neophobia scale, analyzed the probability and the intention of respondents to consume insects. Another issue tested has been their intention to eat food containing insects. We observed that the analyses of the two scales produced different results, confirming the need for a specific scale to measure “insect phobia”. This is important, since knowledge about consumer preferences for and barriers to using insects as human food sources is limited but necessary in order to set up commercialization strategies. The development of insect-based food offers physical health benefits and also improves the sustainability of the food industry.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-123
Author(s):  
Наталья РОЗУМНАЯ ◽  
Natalia ROZUMNAYA

The article is dedicated to the improving the methodical approach to the assessment of service competitiveness provided by service organizations. The author considers the concept of service competitiveness and quality, analyzes the scientific literature and existing methods for assessing competitiveness grouped into three groups. The article substantiates the use of the scale of pairwise comparisons and rating scales for determining the significance of characteristics, and gives result of their comparative analysis. The formulas for determining the importance of characteristics are given. The author offers to use marketing scales for the assessment of relationships, when surveying respondents. For example, the Likert scale, the semantic differential, the Stepel scale, and the graphic scales should be used for evaluating the qualitative indicators of services. The article gives the sequence of determining the relative level of each characteristic of the service in question in comparison with the selected basic service. A new element is the methodology of scaling norms proposed in the article, which makes it possible to evaluate the parameters of the service more accurately. The author makes the values of the characteristics of service competitiveness comparable in the normalization of scales. The purpose of rating scales is that the ranges of possible variation of each characteristic should be the same, and accordingly the change in each characteristic relative to the base services should be perceived equivalent. The article gives and justifies the computational formulas of the competitiveness coefficient by non-economic indicators or the service rating. The author offers estimation of economic parameters of service provided by company, and calculation of the competitiveness coefficient by economic indicators. The integral coefficient of competitiveness is given.


2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 07003
Author(s):  
Tatyana Solosichenko ◽  
Nadezhda Goncharova ◽  
Pavel Letov

The gist of this article boils down to improving the efficiency of the bank’s marketing policy in a pandemic. The growing needs of buyers, the growth of non-price competition and the supply of goods and services on the market indicate the relevance of the problem of forming a marketing policy. Factors such as imperfection of market relations, inflation, low population growth rate, high level of income differentiation of the population are characteristic of the Russian market. The article stresses that it is necessary to conduct a marketing policy competently in order to ensure the return on capital and a stable position in the market. The main hypothesis is based on changing consumer preferences. The marketing research was conducted by a survey method in the form of a survey of respondents. The aim of the study was to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the organization providing credit products. A survey of consumers of credit products made it possible to determine vectors and control points when choosing a product by a consumer. This, in turn, made it possible to determine the parameters of the loan products, which need to be changed in order to increase the degree of customer satisfaction. The criteria for choosing a loan, the preferred channels for obtaining a loan and the attitude towards credit institutions that provide loans have also been determined. The article presents the activities that determine the marketing policy for future periods.


2021 ◽  
Vol 298 (5 Part 1) ◽  
pp. 245-251
Author(s):  
Alona Tanasiichuk ◽  
Liudmila Serednytska ◽  
Nataliia Dobrovolska ◽  

It has been demonstrated that in the conditions of overcoming the consequences of corona crisis an important issue is the organization of business processes, which, as of the time of the study, is carried out on a mixed form. It is substantiated that enterprises should assess their capabilities and be ready to make quick business decisions in the case of reintroduction of quarantine for enterprises. It is substantiated that the organization of marketing research of commodity markets and timely provision of managers of structural units with reliable information is important for the effective conduct of business by domestic enterprises on a mixed form. In the study the sequence of information support for marketing research of the mineral water market has been developed. The dynamics of incomes and the level of demand of mineral water consumers during the period of corona crisis has been determined. As a result of the research it was concluded that the mineral water market, unlike other sectors of the economy, has favorable prospects for further development. A portrait of a mineral water consumer and his level of satisfaction with the quality of mineral water, pricing and assortment policy on the domestic market have been determined. This study will determine consumer preferences for the choice of mineral water and take into account its results by domestic production and trade enterprises. Other enterprises will be able to develop a similar sequence of information support for marketing research of the commodity market in which they carry out their business activities.


2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R Fell ◽  
Jon Thomas ◽  
Eric Hansen

Major changes are taking place in the residential decking market driven by concerns over wood preservatives and the resulting phase-out of chromated copper arsenic (CCA)-treated wood and recent entry into the marketplace by wood-plastic composites. Using conjoint analysis, this study explores consumer perceptions regarding residential decking materials over two time periods, 2000 and 2003. Type of material and lifetime were the most important decking attributes. Of lesser importance were annual maintenance and price. Major changes took place over the three-year study period with respect to opinions towards treated wood and wood-plastic composites. Consumers became much more negative towards treated wood and wood-plastic composites received nearly equivalent gains. The CCA controversy clearly had an impact in the marketplace and we demonstrate the usefulness of conjoint analysis in capturing this change. Key words: decking, consumer, conjoint analysis, plastic lumber, treated wood, cedar, substitution


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
Pratap Chandra Mandal

Different products and brands come from different countries. Consumer perceptions and country images are developed because of country of origin. Country of origin affects global brands. Consumer perceptions about global brands are related to stereotyping, ethnocentrism, industrialization, technological developments, and fads. Consumer perceptions create influences on brand choices and acceptance of brands. Consumer perceptions about country of origin should be improved. Companies adopt a number of strategies and initiatives to overcome and improve country-of-origin perceptions. A proper understanding of consumer perceptions about country of origin is required for managers to realize consumer preferences about global brands and the connections between consumer perceptions and country of origin. All these will allow companies to establish their products and brands in foreign markets, sell their brands, and achieve business excellence.


1974 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Del I. Hawkins ◽  
Gerald Albaum ◽  
Roger Best

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Evans ◽  
Gerard E. D'Souza ◽  
Alan Collins ◽  
Brown Cheryl ◽  
Mark Sperow

The focus of the current study was on the market potential for grass-fed beef in the Appalachian region, given that these products embody observed, experiential, nutritional, and process attributes that may appeal to a large consumer base. An in-store variant of the Becker-DeGroot-Marschack experimental auction mechanism was employed in the region to determine consumer preferences and willingness to pay. A majority of respondents preferred the grass-fed product over conventional grain-fed samples and were willing to pay a price premium to obtain it. Preferences for grass-fed were rooted largely in the associated superior nutritional content and core observed attributes.


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