Evaluation of cutting force of high-performance fibers’ dynamic cutting behaviour

An analysis of fiber mechanics during cutting is conducted using a rotating cutting set up. It was found that high cutting speeds, low cutting angles, and high cutting normal forces lead to low values of cutting force. In this study, a set of high performance organic and inorganic fiber types are tested throughout different conditions of cut testing. Inorganic fibers gave the lowest specific cutting force. Values of cutting stresses on the edge of the blade were proved to be a function of fibers’ Young’s moduli. Higher Young’s moduli give lower cutting stresses on the blade edge while cutting fibers. Organic fibers were found to have a higher cutting resistance than carbon and glass fibers. A significant indirect correlation was found between the shear stress of the fibers and the fiber Young’s modulus. The value of the cutting force is significantly affected by both normal force and cutting velocity. The analysis of fiber mechanics during cutting is conducted using a rotating cutting set-up. It was found that high cutting speeds, low cutting angles, and high cutting normal forces lead to low values of cutting force. In this study, a set of high performance organic and inorganic fiber types are tested throughout different conditions of cut testing. Inorganic fibers gave the lowest specific cutting force. Values of cutting stresses on the edge of the blade were proved to be a function of fibers Young’s modulus. Higher Young’s modulus gives lower cutting stresses on the blade edge while cutting fibers. Organic fibers were found to have a higher cutting resistance than carbon and glass fibers. A significant indirect correlation was found between the shear stress of the fibers and the fibers Young’s modulus. The value of the cutting force is significantly affected by the normal force, cutting angle, and cutting velocity.

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Transverse Young's Moduli and Cell Shapes in Coniferous Early Wood

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2002.001 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ugai Watanabe ◽

Minoru Fujita ◽

Misato Norimoto

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Bending Moment ◽

Cell Models ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Cell Shapes ◽

The Difference ◽

Square Cells ◽

Experimental Values ◽

The Relationship

Summary The relationship between transverse Young's moduli and cell shapes in coniferous early wood was investigated using cell models constructed by two dimensional power spectrum analysis. The calculated values of tangential Young's modulus qualitatively explained the relationship between experimental values and density as well as the difference in experimental values among species. The calculated values of radial Young's modulus for the species having hexagonal cells agreed well with the experimental values, whereas, for the species having square cells, the calculated values were much larger than the experimental values. This result was ascribed to the fact that the bending moment on the radial cell wall of square cell models was calculated to be small. It is suggested that the asymmetrical shape of real wood cells or the behavior of nodes during ell deformation is an important factor in the mechanism of linear elastic deformation of wood cells.

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Mechanical Properties and Environmental Evaluation of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete with Aeolian Sand

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13143148 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 3148 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongyan Chu ◽

Fengjuan Wang ◽

Liguo Wang ◽

Taotao Feng ◽

Danqian Wang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Environmental Impact ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

High Performance ◽

High Performance Concrete ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Ultra High Performance Concrete ◽

Aeolian Sand ◽

Binder Ratio ◽

Water Binder Ratio

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has received increasing attention in recent years due to its remarkable ductility, durability, and mechanical properties. However, the manufacture of UHPC can cause serious environmental issues. This work addresses the feasibility of using aeolian sand to produce UHPC, and the mix design, environmental impact, and mechanical characterization of UHPC are investigated. We designed the mix proportions of the UHPC according to the modified Andreasen and Andersen particle packing model. We studied the workability, microstructure, porosity, mechanical performance, and environmental impact of UHPC with three different water/binder ratios. The following findings were noted: (1) the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of the designed UHPC samples were in the ranges of 163.9–207.0 MPa, 18.0–32.2 MPa, and 49.3–58.9 GPa, respectively; (2) the compressive strength, flexural strength, and Young’s modulus of the UHPC increased with a decrease in water/binder ratio and an increase in the steel fibre content; (3) the compressive strength–Young’s modulus correlation of the UHPC could be described by an exponential formula; (4) the environmental impact of UHPC can be improved by decreasing its water/binder ratio. These findings suggest that it is possible to use aeolian sand to manufacture UHPC, and this study promotes the application of aeolian sand for this purpose.

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Young's modulus estimation in food samples: effect of experimental parameters

Mechanics & Industry ◽

10.1051/meca/2020025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 404

Author(s):

Ankita Sinha ◽

Atul Bhargav

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Texture Analysis ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Food Products ◽

Food Samples ◽

Texture Measurement ◽

Test Standards ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Rate Dependent ◽

Sample Shape

Texture is an important attribute in the quality assessment of processed food products. Recently, Young's modulus is identified as one of the most important indicators of food texture. However, there is much ambiguity in the literature about quantification and standards for texture analysis. In this paper, the sensitivity of Young's modulus (and thus texture) towards the applied deformation rate, sample shape and size, moisture content is studied experimentally for potato and sweet potato samples. We found that Young's moduli vary by as much as 54% depending on the rate of applied strain, indicating the need for test standards. The strain rate dependent behaviour exhibits the viscoelastic nature of the potato samples, which was further validated by stress relaxation and cyclic tests. Based on our experimental iterations and associated finding of the work, we propose the need for a standardised procedure for measuring Young's modulus and texture analysis. We expect this work to serve as a crucial step toward standardised texture measurement during thermal processing of food products.

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Heating Effects on The Young's Modulus of Films Sputtered onto Micromachined Resonators

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-518-33 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 518 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

H. Kahn ◽

M.A. Huff ◽

A.H. Heuer

Keyword(s):

Temperature Dependence ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Single Crystal Silicon ◽

Crystal Silicon ◽

Resonant Structures ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Heating Effects ◽

Sputter Deposited ◽

Dc Current

AbstractSurface-micromachined polysilicon lateral resonant structures were fabricated and used to determine the temperature dependence of the Young's modulus of the polysilicon. This is done by passing a dc current through the beams during resonance testing, resulting in Joule-heating. The temperatures are calibrated by increasing the dc current until the melting point of silicon is attained. The calculated Young's moduli agree well with reported values for single crystal silicon.In addition, metal films were sputter-deposited onto the polysilicon resonators, and similar experiments performed on the composite devices to determine the temperature dependence of the modulus of the sputtered films. Ni films demonstrate a linear decrease in Young's modulus with temperature. TiNi films demonstrate two distinct modulus values with an intermediate transition region, due to the temperature-induced reversible phase transformation exhibited by TiNi.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE YOUNG’S MODULI AND TENSILE YOUNG’S MODULUS OF FLY ASH CONCRETE

Proceedings of International Structural Engineering and Construction ◽

10.14455/isec.res.2018.98 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yoichi Mimura ◽

Vanissorn Vimonsatit ◽

Yuki Watanabe ◽

Itaru Horiguchi ◽

Isamu Yoshitake

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Tangent Modulus ◽

Early Age ◽

Secant Modulus ◽

Tensile Stresses ◽

Fly Ash Concrete ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Initial Tangent Modulus

Initial cracks due to volume changes at an early age affect the durability of concrete structures, so numerical simulations are often conducted in order to predict cracks. Such prediction requires some mechanical properties of early age concrete. Tensile Young's modulus is directly dependent on the prediction of tensile stress and is one of the important input data for FEM analysis. However, direct tension test for tensile Young's modulus needs a unique apparatus and specimen, and such test is not suitable for evaluating Young's modulus at early ages of concrete. The present study compared tensile Young's modulus with compressive Young's moduli of Fly ash concrete. Compressive Young's moduli used in this study were secant modulus and initial tangent modulus. In addition, linear modulus taken from a regression line of a compressive stress-strain curve in the range of stresses less than the splitting tensile strength was also evaluated. It is found that the secant modulus, which is generally used as Young's modulus in Japan was clearly smaller than the tensile Young's modulus, which means that, tensile stresses evaluated using a secant modulus might be underestimated. On the other hand, linear modulus and initial tangent modulus were almost equal to the tensile Young's modulus. This result indicates that tensile stresses can be evaluated using Young's modulus obtained from a compression test with general apparatus and specimens.

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EFFECT OF SPECIMEN SIZE ON YOUNG'S MODULUS OF ELECTRODEPOSITED Ni

Surface Review and Letters ◽

10.1142/s0218625x09012639 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (02) ◽

pp. 303-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

HONG WANG ◽

RUI LIU ◽

SHENG-PING MAO ◽

JUN TANG ◽

CONG-CHUN ZHANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Specimen Size ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Different Dimensions

The Young's moduli of electrodeposited Ni with different dimensions were measured carefully in this paper. The dimensions of tensile specimens were 200, 35, or 5 μm thick and 2400, 200 or 50 μm wide. These specimens were measured with three different approaches. The measured Young's moduli of Ni decrease from 122.1 ± 4.3 to 92 ± 5.2 GPa when the thickness changes from 200 to 5 μm and width changes from 2400 to 50 μm.

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Effective Young’s Modulus of Syntactic Foams with Hollow Glass Microspheres

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.29-32.607 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 29-32 ◽

pp. 607-612 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chang Jun He ◽

Hui Jian Li ◽

Wei Yu ◽

Xi Liang ◽

Hai Yan Peng

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Particulate Composites ◽

Syntactic Foams ◽

Glass Microspheres ◽

Hollow Glass Microspheres ◽

Hollow Glass ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Effective Young's Moduli

. The Young’s modulus of syntactic foams were studied both the experiment and the theory. The compressive test and dynamic mechanical analysis were progressed for a few of specimens, which were made of the syntactic foams with the epoxy resin and hollow glass microspheres (HGMs). the equations for Young’s modulus of concentrated particulate composites were derived using a differential scheme of an infinitely dilute system, and were employed to prediction the Young’s modulus of syntactic foams. The computed effective Young’s moduli were compared with the experimental results, the prediction values were between the lower and upper bounds of the experimental data, and the prediction model was acceptable and can estimate the Young’s modulus of syntactic foams.

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Mechanical Properties Of Cu-Based Composites with in Situ Formed Ultrafine Filaments

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-12-121 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

J. Bevk ◽

W. A. Sunder ◽

G. Dublon ◽

David E. Cohen

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Size Dependence ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Plastic Properties ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Lattice Softening

ABSTRACTElastic and plastic properties of in situ Cu-based composites with Nb, V, and Fe filaments are reviewed. The evidence is presented for a pronounced size dependence of both the ultimate tensile strength and the Young's moduli. In composites with the smallest filaments (d∼50–200Å) and filament densities as high as 1010/cm2 dislocation density reaches values of 1013 cm/cm3. The yield stress of these samples increases dramatically over the predictions based on the “rule of mixtures” and their ultimate tensile strength approaches the estimated theoretical strength of the material (∼2.7GPa). The observed decrease of Young's modulus as a function of inverse wire diameter in the as-drawn composites is attributed to lattice softening due to high density of extended lattice defects. Upon annealing, Young's modulus increases by as much as 100% and exceeds the maximum values calculated from bulk elastic constants. Possible mechanisms leading to modulus enhancement and to related changes in magnetic and superconducting behavior of in situ composites are discussed.

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Inverse Identification Of Elastic Moduli For 3D Printed PLA, Using Impulse Excitation Technique (IET)

10.32920/ryerson.14664447.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Afridi Mohsin

Keyword(s):

Young’S Modulus ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Bulk Material ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Test Results ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Vibration Experiment ◽

3D Printed ◽

Printed Materials

3D Printing has recently undergone extensive development due to its lower cost and flexibility. A number of studies have been carried out to determine 3D printed material properties. This study focuses on the determination of the dynamic properties for PLA. The PLA material is processed through the popular FDM method with three different build orientations. A vibration experiment is conducted to evaluate the first modal frequency and Young’s modulus. The results are then compared to the FEM modal analysis and finally the traditional tensile testing results. The anisotropy of the 3D printed components, mainly due to the density changes caused by voids and filament alignment, result in the variation of the Young’s modulus which is different than the homogenous bulk material. The calculated Young’s moduli values are very slightly higher than the tensile test results which is in conformance with the trend documented by earlier studies on similar printed materials using the same techniques

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Influence of Degradation Product Thickness on the Elastic Stiffness of Porous Absorbable Scaffolds Made from an Bioabsorbable Zn–Mg Alloy

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14206027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (20) ◽

pp. 6027

Author(s):

Jannik Bühring ◽

Maximilian Voshage ◽

Johannes Henrich Schleifenbaum ◽

Holger Jahr ◽

Kai-Uwe Schröder

Keyword(s):

Finite Element ◽

Young’S Modulus ◽

Degradation Products ◽

Young's Modulus ◽

Element Model ◽

Elastic Stiffness ◽

Porous Scaffolds ◽

Compression Tests ◽

Young’S Moduli ◽

Substrate Layer

For orthopaedic applications, additive manufactured (AM) porous scaffolds made of absorbable metals such as magnesium, zinc or iron are of particular interest. They do not only offer the potential to design and fabricate bio-mimetic or rather bone-equivalent mechanical properties, they also do not need to be removed in further surgery. Located in a physiological environment, scaffolds made of absorbable metals show a decreasing Young’s modulus over time, due to product dissolution. For magnesium-based scaffolds during the first days an increase of the smeared Young’s modulus can be observed, which is mainly attributed to a forming substrate layer of degradation products on the strut surfaces. In this study, the influence of degradation products on the stiffness properties of metallic scaffolds is investigated. For this, analytical calculations and finite-element simulations are performed to study the influence of the substrate layer thickness and Young’s modulus for single struts and for a new scaffold geometry with adapted polar cubic face-centered unit cells with vertical struts (f2cc,z). The finite-element model is further validated by compression tests on AM scaffolds made from Zn1Mg (1 wt% Mg). The results show that even low thicknesses and Young’s moduli of the substrate layer significantly increases the smeared Young’s modulus under axial compression.

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