Asthma, atopy, and exercise: Sex differences in exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

2021 ◽  
pp. 153537022110038
Author(s):  
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Collective Knowledge ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Atopic Status ◽  
The Us ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Exercise Induced

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease affecting approximately 7.7% of the US population. Sex differences in the prevalence, incidence, and severity of asthma have been widely described throughout the lifespan, showing higher rates in boys than girls before puberty, but a reversed pattern in adults. Asthma is often associated with atopy, i.e. the tendency to develop allergic diseases, and can be worsened by environmental stimuli and/or exercise. While not exclusive to patients with asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. Currently, there is limited research on sex differences in EIB and its relationship with atopy and asthma in men and women. In this minireview, we summarize the available literature on this topic. Overall, the collective knowledge supports the notion that physiological changes triggered during exercise affect males and females differently, suggesting an interaction among sex, exercise, sex hormones, and atopic status in the course of EIB pathophysiology. Understanding these differences is important to provide personalized management plans to men and women who exercise regularly and suffer from underlying asthma and/or atopy.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Atopic Status ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Disease Experience ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively. With the goal of better understanding the prevalence of EIB in males and females, and because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes, in this study, we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes. A systematic literature review identified 60 studies evaluating EIB and/or atopy in post-pubertal adult athletes (n = 7501). Collectively, these studies reported: (1) a 23% prevalence of EIB in athletes; (2) a higher prevalence of atopy in male vs. female athletes; (3) a higher prevalence of atopy in athletes with EIB; (4) a significantly higher rate of atopic EIB in male vs. female athletes. Our analysis indicates that the physiological changes that occur during exercise may differentially affect male and female athletes, and suggest an interaction between male sex, exercise, and atopic status in the course of EIB. Understanding these sex differences is important to provide personalized management plans to athletes with underlying asthma and/or atopy.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Exercise Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rodriguez Bauza ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Atopic Status ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma experience EIB. Sex differences in the prevalence of asthma have been widely reported, with higher rates in boys vs. girls before puberty, and higher rates in women than men after puberty. Because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes than in non-athletes, in this study we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes. A systematic literature review identified 60 studies evaluating EIB and/or atopy in post-pubertal adult athletes (n=7501). Collectively, these studies reported: 1) a 23% prevalence of EIB in athletes; 2) a higher prevalence of atopy in male athletes vs. females; 3) a higher prevalence of atopy in athletes with EIB; and 4) a significantly higher rate of atopic EIB in male vs. female athletes. Our analysis indicates that the physiological changes that occur during exercise may differentially affect male and female athletes, and suggest an interaction between male sex, exercise, and atopic status in the course of EIB. Understanding these sex differences is important to provide personalized management plans to athletes with underlying asthma and/or atopy.

Sex Differences in Participation, Performance, and Age of Ultramarathon Runners

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 635-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon Senefeld ◽  
Carolyn Smith ◽  
Sandra K. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Marathon Running ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Ultra Running

The sex difference in marathon running is increased with lower participation of women than men, but whether this occurs for ultramarathon running is not known. The study purpose was to determine whether the sex difference in performance widens among lower-placed runners and the association between the sex difference in running speed and participation rates. The top-10 ultramarathon running times, age at performance date, and the number of men and women finishers were analyzed from 20 races (45–160 km) in the US Track and Field Ultra Running Grand Prix. Men were faster than women for all events (18.7% ± 5.8%, P < .001). The sex difference in speed was the least for 100 km (14.9% ± 4.2%) and greatest for 45–50 km (19.3% ± 5.8%). The top-10 men were younger than the top-10 women (37.7 ± 3.2 and 39.0 ± 3.1 y, respectively, P < .001). The sex difference in speed increased with finishing place (1st place 15.6% ± 6.6% vs 10th 20.8% ± 5.6%, P < .001). Association analysis showed that the sex difference in speed was largest when there were fewer women than men finishers in a race; the strength of the association was greatest for the 80-km distance and least for the 160-km. Lower participation rates of women than men in the lower-distance ultramarathons and less depth among lower-placed women runners inflate the sex difference in ultramarathon performance.

Sex Differences in the Relationship between Machiavellianism and Self-Disclosure

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Domelsmith ◽  
James T. Dietch
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Willingness To Disclose ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Individual Achievement ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Existing Data

Previous research suggests that there should be a negative correlation between Machiavellianism (Mach) and willingness to reveal things about oneself. However, existing data are unclear and contradictory, especially regarding differences between males and females. College students (48 male, 77 female) completed measures of both Machiavellianism and self-disclosure, and the two sets of scores were correlated. As expected, Mach was significantly correlated with unwillingness to self-disclose among males. For the females, however, Mach was significantly correlated with willingness to disclose. The two correlations are significantly different. Culturally defined differences in the goals of men and women may account for the results. According to current stereotypes, men are oriented toward individual achievement, while die goals of women are more “social,” being popular, nurturant, skilled at getting along with others, etc. Women who accept these goals and who are willing to employ manipulative (Machiavellian) tactics to achieve them could use self-disclosure effectively, while it would be an ineffective strategy for men.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Drug Disposition

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Offie P. Soldin ◽  
Sarah H. Chung ◽  
Donald R. Mattison
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pharmacology ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Drug Disposition ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Effective Treatments

Physiological, hormonal, and genetic differences between males and females affect the prevalence, incidence, and severity of diseases and responses to therapy. Understanding these differences is important for designing safe and effective treatments. This paper summarizes sex differences that impact drug disposition and includes a general comparison of clinical pharmacology as it applies to men and women.

Reactions to Men and Women Who Cry: A Study of Sex Differences in Perceived Societal Attitudes versus Personal Attitudes

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Cretser ◽  
William K. Lombardo ◽  
Barbara Lombardo ◽  
Sharon Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Double Standard ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Stimulus Situation ◽  
Sex Role Attitudes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Personal Attitudes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Subjects

This study examined sex differences and similarities in sex-role attitudes using reactions to males' and females' crying as the stimulus situation. 285 male and 307 female students completed questionnaires. Subjects were asked to indicate their reactions to the sight of a woman crying and to the sight of a man crying. They were also asked to indicate how they thought “people” react to the sight of a man or a woman crying. Subjects perceived “people” as holding a double standard of crying, with much greater acceptance of females' than of males' crying. The proportion of subjects of both sexes who considered crying by males acceptable was significantly greater than the proportion who felt “people” would find it acceptable. Women seemed to hold a unisex standard of crying, while male subjects endorsed a double standard.

Some reflections on sex differences in aggression and violence

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-233
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Maxson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Evolutionary Explanation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Human Aggression ◽  
Intrasexual Aggression ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Evolutionary Explanations

Four issues relevant to sex differences in human aggression and violence are considered. (1) The motivation for play and serious aggression in children and juvenile animals is different. Consequently, the evolutionary explanations for each may be different. (2) Sex differences in intrasexual aggression may be due to effects of the attacker or the target. There is evidence that both males and females are more physically aggressive against males and less physically aggressive against females. The evolutionary explanation for each component of the sex difference in intrasexual aggression may be different. (3) Aggression and violence are defined. The former is the attack, and the latter is the consequent injury or death. The evolutionary explanation for each may not be the same. (4) Most men and women are neither physically aggressive nor criminally violent. The evolutionary explanations of sex differences in aggression and violence should take this polymorphism into account.

scholarly journals Employment and Functional Ability in Men and Women With Axial Spondyloarthritis as Described in the US-based Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/Spondyloarthritis Registry

2021 ◽  
pp. jrheum.210469
Author(s):  
Sinead Maguire ◽  
Gillian Fitzgerald ◽  
Finbar O'Shea
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Functional Ability ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Males And Females

We read with interest the recent article from Mease et al1 regarding the analysis of men and women with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) captured in the Corrona Psoriatic Arthritis/ Spondyloarthritis Registry. Dedicated comparative analysis in large, well-characterized cohorts such as this are crucial to identifying the variation of axSpA between males and females.

Sex Differences in the Perception of Romantic Love-Mate Attraction

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1089-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Romantic Love ◽  
Female Respondent ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mate Attraction ◽  
Sexist Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Supremacy

A sample of 450 male and 450 female single young adults were questioned as to whether they regarded romantic love-mate attraction as (a) easier for men than for women, (b) easier for women than for men, or (c) equally difficult for men and women. For both the males and females surveyed, the “equally difficult” alternative was endorsed the most frequently, the “easier for women” alternative the next most frequently, and the “easier for men” alternative the least frequently. The significant difference between the two distributions reflects a greater tendency among male than among female respondent to see mate attraction as easier for women. The results are thus contradictive of sexist attitudes of male supremacy in young people of both sexes, at least as far as the interpersonal marketplace is concerned. Directions for future research are outlined.

scholarly journals Sex differences in gray and white matter structure in age-matched unrelated males and females and opposite-sex siblings.

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk Den Braber ◽  
Dennis Van ‘t Ent ◽  
Diederick Stoffers ◽  
Klaus Linkenkaer-Hansen ◽  
Dorret I. Boomsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Volumes ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Global Brain

Apart from the general finding of larger global brain volumes in men, neuroimaging studies that compared brain structure between men and women have yielded some inconsistencies with regard to regional differences. One confound when comparing men and women may be differences in their genetic and or family background. A design that addresses such confounds compares brain structures between brothers and sisters, who share their genetic and family background.In the present study, we aimed to contribute to the existing literature on structural brain sex differences by comparing regional gray and white matter volume, using voxel based morphometry (VBM); and white matter microstructure, using tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), between 40 unrelated males and females, and contrasting the results with those obtained in a group of 47 opposite-sex siblings, including 42 dizygotic opposite-sex (DOS) twin pairs.”Our results showed that men had larger global brain volumes as well as higher mean fractional anisotropy across the brain and showed regionally enlarged gray matter volume and higher fractional anisotropy in, or surrounding, subcortical structures (hypothalamus, thalamus, putamen and globus pallidus and rostral midbrain). Increased gray matter volume in women was restricted to areas of the cortex, including inferior temporal, insular, cingulate, precentral and frontal/prefrontal regions.These sex differences were generally consistent between the unrelated male-female pairs and the opposite-sex sibling pairs. Therefore, we conclude that these sex differences are not the result of confounding differences in genetic or family background and that the etiology of these sex differences merits further investigation.

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