Jirga System and Its Role in Peacebuilding and Development in Pakistan’s Terrorism-Affected Pashtun “Tribal” Districts

2021 ◽  
pp. 154231662098613
Author(s):  
Jan Alam

Pakistan’s erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) have suffered a lot due to terrorism and extremism after the 9/11 attacks in the United States because these areas were used by local and transnational militant groups as a haven after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001. These groups attacked the security forces, the local tribal leaders, and all those who opposed them and killed, many of them to get control over these areas. This resulted in huge physical, economic, social, and psychological damages in the region. To bring the region back on the path of peace and development, Jirgas were held on the local and governmental levels. To explore the role of Jirga, this study used a qualitative method to identify and explain the factors of peace and development. This study also includes primary data where 25 participants, who are/were active and experienced in tribal customary matters, were purposively selected and interviewed through a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis was performed by using thematic analysis techniques. This study explored that Jirga played an important role in peacebuilding and development in the form of policymaking for FATA; mobilisation for action, restoration, and rehabilitation; resolving local feuds; and the establishment of FATA University in the region. This study recommended that all reforms and efforts must be made under the priorities and needs of the people of former FATA.

El Dinar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-93
Author(s):  
Inayatillah Djakfar ◽  
Isnaliana Isnaliana ◽  
Yossie Kenanga Putri

This study aims to see the role of Bank Syariah Mandiri Kcp Ulee Kareng in developing halal tourism in the city of Banda Aceh. This study uses a qualitative method using a descriptive analysis approach. This research uses primary data and secondary data, namely by conducting interviews and centering studies and documentation which is analyzed in several stages, namely editing data, classifying, reducing, presenting data, and finally verifying. The results showed that Bank Syariah Mandiri Kcp Ulee Kareng has a role in developing halal tourism, namely in the Culinary Business Sector, Travel Service Providers and Lodging Providers. The financing provided to business actors is the financing of Micro Businesses. With the financing provided by this institution to players in the halal tourism industry, it has an impact on improving the economic welfare of the people.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Arifin Arifin

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan tentang kasus penegakan kebijakan protokol kesehatan yang tidak konsisten di Kota Pontianak. Kondisi masyarakat ini merepresentasikan keterlibatan mereka sebagai bagian dari penyelenggaraan kebijakan, khususnya dalam penegakan kebijakan protokol kesehatan di masa pandemic Covid-19. Terjadi ketimpangan yang tidak adil dalam penegakan aturan ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui wawancara dan observasi. Pengumpulan data sekunder juga dilakukan dengan penelusuran daring. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ketaatan masyarakat Kota Pontianak terhadap penyelenggaraan aturan protokol kesehatan tergolong baik. Hal ini dilihat dari kepatuhan masyarakat dalam melaksanakan perilaku menjaga jarak, mencuci tangan, dan memakai masker secara konsisten. Meski demikian, ada juga pelanggaran aturan yang terjadi. Hal ini dilihat dari jumlah sanksi atau denda yang diberlakukan kepada sejumlah pengusaha kedai kopi. This paper describes the case of inconsistent health protocol policy enforcement in Pontianak City. The condition of this community represents their involvement as part of the implementation of policies, especially in the enforcement of health protocol policies during the Covid-19 pandemic. There is unfair and inequality in the enforcement of the rule. This research uses qualitative method, with primary data collection by interview and observation. Secondary data collection is also done with online browsing. Based on the results of the study, the adherence of the people of Pontianak city to the implementation of health protocol rules is relatively good. This is seen from the community's compliance in maintaining distance, washing hands, and wearing masks consistently. However, there is also a violation of the rules that occur, this is seen from the number of sanctions or fines imposed on a number of coffee shop entrepreneurs.


2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225-2240
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salih Memon

The current research investigates the performance efficiency of U-fone compare with Mobilink. Data were both primary as well as secondary data. Secondary data related to industry was collected from web sites, pilot study, survey, newspaper, PTA Annual report, magazines and reports for generating awareness on the topic and for satisfying objectives of the study. To collect primary data a field survey was conducted with the help of structured interview schedule. Various demographic variables were considered and the questionnaire was tested. The respondents being the adopters of mobile phones are selected for conducting survey, the sample I choose to conduct the survey is based on 50, out of 50 I got the response from 40 on which statistical data analysis is based in this report. It was revealed that Mobilink Network Coverage whereas people are not satisfied with Ufone Network CoveragePeople use Mobilink are not satisfied with the call rates set by Mobilink, whereas the people using Ufone are much satisfied with the call rates set by Ufone.Mostly people use Ufone because of packages.  The ratio of Mobilink users who attracts towards other network by watching ads is higher than Ufone users.Ufone attracts people more by advertisement of different packages as compare to  Mobilink.The ratio of satisfied customers is higher in Mobilink.Ufone introduce more innovative services like Call block, Utunes, HisaabSms and etc.Most of the people viewed that CRM (Customer Relationship Management) of Ufone is not effective as Mobilink.


2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Yanti ◽  
Nunung Krisnawati

The background of this thesis is an increasing number of legislators Batam from Chinese citizens, at the 1999 elections, there were two people who passed to the DPRD Kota Batam, in the elections of 2004 increased to four Chinese citizens who become legislators Batam. It is not independent of their role during the sitting in the legislature as a representative of the people. This study aims to clarify the role of Chinese citizens who sat as a legislative member in Batam 1999-2009This research is a qualitative research, the historical method with the approach of political science. Steps historical research include: first heuristic, there are two sources of data are primary data and secondary data, primary data in this study is a member of the legislative representatives of the Chinese community, Chinese people, community leaders and members of the Commission, the secondary data taken from any books , newspapers and other documents, the authors do critique source consisting of external criticism and internal criticism, the three researchers to interpret, fourth historiography.The results in this study explained that the role of the Chinese community as a member of the legislature in Batam years 1999-2009, the first legislative function is set statutorily in the form of local regulations (Perda), the second control function or supervise the activities of local government in implementing legislation has been agreed , of these control functions legislators have the right to ask questions, interpellation, questionnaires and motions, the three other functions related to the budget or APBD that has been agreed with the local governments when the plenary session.  Keywords: legislative member, chinese societyLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah terjadinya peningkatan jumlah anggota DPRD Kota Batam dari warga Tionghoa, dimana pada pemilu tahun 1999 terdapat dua orang yang lolos menjadi anggota DPRD Kota Batam dan  pada pemilu tahun 2004 mengalami peningkatan menjadi empat orang. Hal ini tentunya tidak terlepas dari peran mereka selama duduk di legislatif sebagai wakil rakyat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan peran warga Tionghoa yang duduk menjadi anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif historis dengan pendekatan ilmu politik.Adapunlangkah-langkah penelitian historis meliputi: pertama heuristik, di dalamnya terdapat dua sumber data yaitu data primer dan data sekunder, data primer dalam penelitian ini adalah anggota legislatif dari perwakilan masyarakat Tionghoa, masyarakat keturunan Tionghoa, tokoh masyarakat dan anggota KPU, data sekunder diambil dari buku-buku, koran dan dokumen lainnya.Kedua, kritik sumber yang terdiri dari kritik ekstern dan kritik intern.Ketiga, interpretasi dan keempat, historiografi.Hasil dalam penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa peranan warga Tionghoa sebagai anggota legislatif di Kota Batam tahun 1999-2009,  pertama fungsi legislasi yaitu mengatur undang-undang dalam bentuk peraturan daerah (Perda), kedua fungsi kontrol atau mengawasi kegiatan pemerintah daerah dalam menjalankan Perda yang telah disepakati, dari fungsi kontrol ini anggota DPRD memiliki hak untuk bertanya, interpelasi, angket dan mosi, ketiga fungsi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan anggaran atau APBD yang telah disepakati bersama pemerintah daerah saat sidang paripurna. Bermainnya peran-peran  tersebut dengan baik, semakin menambah nilai kepercayaan warga Tionghoa  memilih dari kalangan mereka untuk pemilu selanjutnya. Kata Kunci: anggota legislatif, masyarakat tionghoa, kota batam  


Author(s):  
Laode Muhamad Fathun

Poverty in this country. During the reign of Chavez and Maduro the people felt a little prosperity again, but this is what America hates because America is finding it difficult to implement its neoliberalism policy in Venezuela. After the events that continue to happen, Maduro does not remain silent. Namely by continuing Chavez's socialist policies. Here the researcher uses the theory of foreign policy decision making by Alex Mintz to explain what factors influence Maduro policy and here the researcher uses the concept of national interest to explain what Maduro's interests are in this policy, this research methodology is qualitative explanatory using interviews as data. secondary and librarian as primary data. This research finds 4 main factors in Nicolas Maduro's foreign policy. From the social condition of Venezuela itself which is very crisis-ridden to the point where there is a split between the layers of society, Maduro finally does not listen to the people's complaints to him, then from a psychological point of view, Maduro, who really hates the United States, has a very tough mindset that he is too confident in his beliefs. In order to be able to fight America, in the end his belief was not in accordance with expectations and instead had a negative effect. Therefore, it is clear that emotions play an important role in important political decisions. From an economic point of view, Venezuela is no longer able to support its own country in economic terms. If this country supports itself, there will be greater destruction


2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius T. Tanga ◽  
Mulwaini Mundau

The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of donor-funded community empowerment projects on poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe. The primary data were collected from a questionnaire survey from 52 project members who were from two local ngos that were selected randomly. A semi-structured interview guide designed for two officials of the selected ngos implementing the projects was also used. The findings show that there is heavy dependence on outside funding, no adherence to the principles of the empowerment approach and a failure to positively impact the lives of the project members. This therefore calls for ngos to adopt better empowerment practices: community involvement in decision making, project ownership, and clear lines of communication with the ngos. However the findings also show the strength of linking project members with relevant institutions and training in order to ensure sustainability of community projects that may foster community empowerment towards poverty eradication.


2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Jones ◽  
Morten Hesse

Objective: To develop an understanding of the meanings and consequences of a diagnosis of ADHD for young people during the transition from childhood to adolescence. Method: Nine youth with an ADHD diagnosis were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide on topics of management of identity and their own experiences of their difficulties relating to ADHD. Results: The meanings and consequences of the ADHD diagnosis is best understood in terms of overall identity development and social connectedness. In addition, cultural understandings of what ADHD is play a major role in negotiating the role of ADHD in identity. Conclusion: Youth with ADHD moving from childhood to adulthood need support for identity development. Health care professionals should be aware of young people’s experiences of ADHD symptoms in the context of their life situations and the cultural understanding of ADHD during treatment and psychoeducation.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Calvario Parra ◽  
Rolando Enríque Díaz Caravantes

Introducción: La experiencia migratoria tanto interna como internacional está compuesta por un conjunto de situaciones de peligros y riesgos que ponen en jaque la integridad física y emocional de las personas. El objetivo de este artículo es documentar las experiencias de los/as migrantes ante altas temperaturas y su salud tanto de quienes se dirigen de México o Centroamérica hacia los Estados Unidos de América como los que se desplazan al interior de México rumbo a los campos agrícolas del noroeste.Método: Este trabajo se basa en un estudio de corte cualitativo por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas sobre el riesgo climático y la salud en migrantes internacionales e internos en la frontera norte de México, particularmente en el estado de Sonora.Resultados: La migración es un punto de inflexión en la vida de las personas entrevistadas. Existe una asocación cualitativa entre la masculinidad y el hecho de emigrar; la noción de proveduria e idea de la aventura son cruciales para entender el proceso migratorio. El afrontar distintos peligros como la violencia y los factores medioambientales generan daños físicos y emocionales.Discusión y/o Conclusión: Existe un proceso de relativización del riesgo climático, en este caso, la minimización de los daños en la salud por las altas temperaturas. La idea de la autosuficiencia e independencia es parte de las identidades de género en los varones migrantes entrevistados. Introduction: The migrational experience, both internal and international is composed by a combination of hazardous and risk situations that threaten the physical and emotional integrity of individuals. The goal of this article is to document the experiences and the health of migrants facing high temperatures when heading from Mexico or Central America towards the United States of America, as well as those that transit through the interior of Mexico towards the agricultural fields of the Northwest.Method: These findings are based on a qualitative method study that used semistructured interviews that delve into weather and health risks in international and internal migrants on the Mexican northern border, particularly in the state of Sonora.Results: Migration is a turning point in the lives of the people interviewed. There exists a qualitative association between masculinity and the act of migrating; the notion of being a provider and the idea of adventure are crucial for understanding the migrational process. Facing different hazards like violence and environmental factors generates physical and emotional damage.Conclusion: There exists a relativization process of weather risks, on this case, the minimization of the damage to health due to high temperatures. The idea of selfsufficiency and independence is part of the gender identities of the migrant males interviewed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
FITRIO DEVIANTONY

Floods and landslides are disasters that can cause a lot of damage related to the material and of course fatalities, as well as the amount of damage from the environment that occurs, and other impacts will undoubtedly affect the psychology of the communities that changed by the disaster. The psychological effect of this unusual event will undoubtedly lead to trauma or it called posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aims to explore the experiences of farmers who experience floods and landslides directly, the research design used is a qualitative research design using an interpretative phenomenology approach. The technique of collecting data used in-depth interviews with a semi-structured interview guide involving five participants and analyzed using interpretative analysis of phenomenology. This study produced six themes including disasters that occur due to humans, accepting the existing reality, getting closer to God, having the desire to farm again, recovering the family economy, keeping the environment around and improving themselves. The role of health workers is important because the impact caused by this condition can be worse so that health workers need to provide services so that farmers can understand, live and be able to accept and adapt to the conditions that occur


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20288-20305
Author(s):  
M. Babagana ◽  
Madaki M. J. ◽  
M. Ismail ◽  
B. G. Mohammed ◽  
A. A. Gujja ◽  
...  

The research which studied post insurgency socioeconomic problems with links to Boko Haram insurgency facing residents after their return to the once deserted towns was conducted between the months of November-December, 2018. The study made use of the Descriptive Survey design involving mixed methods. A total of 44,231 people comprising of local inhabitants of the six study locations formed the target population of the study. Slovene’s formular for determining sample size was used to select the 394 respondents who participated in the study. Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were used to sample the respondents. A researcher made closed ended questionnaire and a structured Interview Guide were also used to collect data. All data collection procedures were self-administered. Quantitative data was analyzed in SPSS Version 20 using Descriptive Statistics while Thematic method was used to analyze the interview responses. Results on respondents’ demographic characteristics indicated that the majority of them were youth not possessing any formal western education. Bulk of them was also found to crop farmers. A lot of social problems such as lack of potable drinking water, lack of power supply, increased fear, epileptic healthcare delivery as well increase in crime rate were found to be facing the communities while economic problems associated with the insurgency among the communities included loss of business places, loss of sources of income, reduced business activities all of which cumulatively led to increased poverty affecting many families. Hence, it was concluded that, if these conditions are left unchecked, anger, frustrations, stigmatization and poverty will continue to escalate among the people. Consequently, factors believed to be the root causes of the insurgency will further be compounded and other unknown civil unrests can ensue. Thus, in order to avoid this, stringent measures should be taken to bring an end to the insurgency in its totality and socioeconomic problems facing the people should be well addressed.


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