Dental Amalgam and Antibiotic- and/or Mercury-resistant Bacteria

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Roberts ◽  
B.G. Leroux ◽  
J. Sampson ◽  
H.S. Luis ◽  
M. Bernardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Mercury emitted from dental amalgam may select for increased numbers of antibiotic- or mercury-resistant commensal bacteria in patients and increase their risk for bacterial diseases that are resistant to common therapies. We hypothesized that the presence of dental amalgams would increase the level of mercury-, tetracycline-, ampicillin-, erythromycin-, or chloramphenicol-resistant oral and urinary bacteria as compared with levels in children receiving composite fillings. Samples were collected at baseline, 3–6 months after the initial dental treatment, and annually for 7 years of follow-up. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups in the numbers of bacteria growing on antibiotic- or mercury-supplemented plates. This study provided no evidence that amalgam fillings on posterior teeth influenced the level of antibiotic- or mercury-resistant oral or urinary bacteria as detected by culture.

scholarly journals Isolasi bakteri resisten merkuri pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di puskesmas paniki bawah

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Intan P.R. Sompie ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Fona Budiarso
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Dental Amalgam Fillings ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals. Although it can be harmful for human health, the use of mercury in daily life virtually covers all aspects of human life, including its use as the material for dental amalgam fillings. The mercury in amalgam may enter the body, be absorbed by the digestive tract, and then be excreted through the urine. There are bacteria known to be resistant to mercury. This stduy was aimed to obtain and identify the mercury-resistant bacteria in the urine of patients with amalgam fillings. This was a descriptive-explorative study using urine samples of 2 patients who had used amalgam fillings for at least 6 months at Puskesmas (primary health care) Paniki Bawah. The samples underwent morphology, physiology, and biochemistry tests at the Microbiology Laboratory of Pharmacy FMIPA Sam Ratulangi University. The results showd that there were 3 genus of mercury resistant bacteria that survived in 10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 40 ppm concentrations of mercury, as follows: Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus. Conclusion: There are 3 genus of mercury resistant bacteria in the urine of patients with amalgam dental fillings.Keywords: mercury, amalgam, urine, bacteria, resistant Abstrak: Merkuri merupakan salah satu jenis logam berat berbahaya. Walaupun diketahui memiliki dampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia, namun pemanfaatan merkuri dalam kehidupan sehari-hari hampir meliputi semua aspek kehidupan manusia, termasuk dalam penggunaannya sebagai bahan tumpatan gigi amalgam. Merkuri dalam amalgam akan masuk ke dalam tubuh, diabsorbsi melalui saluran pencernaan, dan dieskresikan melalui urin. Diketahui bahwa terdapat bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi bakteri resisten merkuri yang terdapat pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif eksploratif dengan mengambil sampel urin pada 2 pasien yang menggunakan tumpatan amalgam minimal 6 bulan di Puskesmas Paniki Bawah. Sampel diuji secara morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan dari berbagai uji yang dilakukan ditemukan 3 genus bakteri resisten merkuri yang bertahan pada konsentrasi merkuri 10 ppm, 20 ppm, dan 40 ppm, yaitu Bacillus, Klebsiella, dan Staphylococcus. Simpulan: Terdapat 3 genus bakteri resisten merkuri pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Paniki Bawah. Kata kunci: merkuri, amalgam, urin, bakteri, resisten

scholarly journals Isolasi bakteri resisten merkuri dalam urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Bahu Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debora F. Kambey ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Aaltje E. Manampiring
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
The Body ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Genus Bacillus ◽  
Mercuric Ion ◽  
Physiology And Biochemistry ◽  
Dental Restorative ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Tooth damage is the main health problem in most of countries. Amalgam is an excellent dental restorative material which has been used in dentistry for 150 years. It consists of liquid mercury and other metal element. The toxic mercury vapor can be released from dental amalgam and then be absorbed and accumulated in tissues and organs. Bacteria in the body of patients with amalgam fillings are exposed by mercury continuously and become resistant. Bacteria detoxify mercury through mer gene (mercuric ion reductase) reduces the toxic mercury ion (Hg2+) into mercury element (Hg0). This study was aimed to know the present of mercury-resistant bacteria and its types in the urine of patients with amalgam fillings at Puskesmas Bahu Manado. Samples were 2 urine samples from patients with amalgam fillings of ≥ 6 months at the Dental Clinic of Puskesmas Bahu Manado. This was a descriptive exploratory study. The result showed that bacteria colonies grew in the medium with 3 different concentrations of mercury as follows: 10 ppm, 20 ppm and 40 ppm of HgCl2. There were 4 genus of bacteria identified through morphology, physiology and biochemistry tests: Bacillus, Escherichia, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Conclusion: There were mercury-resistant bacteria of genus Bacillus, Escherechia, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus in the urine of patients with amalgam fillings at Puskesmas Bahu Manado.Keywords: Mercury-resistant bacteria, amalgam, urine. Abstrak: Kerusakan gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan utama pada sebagian besar Negara. Amalgam merupakan bahan restoratif gigi yang unggul dan telah digunakan dalam kedokteran gigi selama 150 tahun. Amalgam terdiri dari cairan merkuri dan logam lain. Merkuri yang toksik melalui uap merkuri bisa terlepas dari amalgam gigi kemudian diabsorbsi dan diakumulasi dalam jaringan dan organ. Bakteri pada tubuh pasien tumpatan amalgam yang mengalami paparan merkuri bisa menjadi resisten terhadap merkuri. Bakteri mendetoksifikasi merkuri melalui gen mer (mercuric ion reductase) dengan mereduksi ion merkuri beracun (Hg2+) menjadi unsur merkuri (Hgo). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya bakteri resisten merkuri pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam dan jenisnya di Puskesmas Bahu Manado. Sampel ialah 2 sampel urin dari pasien tumpatan amalgam di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Bahu Manado yang telah menggunakan tumpatan amalgam selama 6 bulan atau lebih. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pertumbuhan koloni bakteri pada media dengan konsentrasi HgCl2 10 ppm, 20 ppm dan 40 ppm. Terdapat 4 genus bakteri yang diidentifikasi melalui uji morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia yaitu: Bacillus, Escherichia, Streptococcus, dan Staphylococcus. Simpulan: Terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri dari genus Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Escherichia, dan Streptococcus dalam urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Bahu Manado. Kata Kunci: Bakteri resisten merkuri, amalgam, urin

scholarly journals Isolasi bakteri resisten merkuri pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Tikala Baru

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina E.M. Kepel ◽  
. Fatimawali ◽  
Fona Budiarso
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mer Operon ◽  
Dental Amalgam Fillings ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Mercury, a heavy metal, can be toxic to human body if it is exposed in high concentration. This metal has been used as dental amalgam fillings in dentistry since 150 years ago to reconstruct decayed teeth. Due to continuous exposure of mercury, bacteria inside human body have evolved mechanism of resistance toward higher form of mercury, due to the mer operon that has been charactherized in the plasmid. This study was aimed to find out whether there were mercury-resistant bacteria isolated from the urine of patients with dental amalgam fillings at Puskesmas (Primary health care) Tikala Baru, and identify the mercury-resistant bacteria. This was a descriptive exploratory study. Samples were mercury-resistant bacterial strains in the urine of patients with dental amalgam fillings who visited Puskesmas Tikala Baru. The results of mercury-resistant test showed that there were mercury-resistant bacteria in every concentrations. The morphological, physiological, and biochemical tests obtained 7 mercury-resistant bacterial genus, as follows: Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, and Bacillus. Conclusion: There were 7 genus of mercury-resistant bacteria which identified from urine of patient with dental amalgam fillings. Keywords: amalgam, mercury resistant bacteria. Abstrak: Merkuri merupakan suatu logam berat yang dapat bersifat toksik bila terpapar dengan tubuh manusia dalam konsentrasi tinggi. Penggunaan merkuri dalam amalgam telah digunakan dalam bidang kedokteran gigi selama hampir 150 tahun untuk merekonstruksi gigi berlubang. Akibat adanya paparan merkuri secara terus menerus, bakteri dalam tubuh manusia telah mengevolusi mekanisme resisten terhadap bentuk merkuri yang lebih tinggi di lingkungan, disebabkan oleh mer operon yang terkandung dalam plasmid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri yang diisolasi dari urin pasien dengan tambalan merkuri di Puskesmas Tikala Baru, serta mengidentifikasi jenis dari bakteri resisten merkuri tersebut. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang digunakan ialah koloni bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri, yang terdapat dalam urin pasien dengan amalgam yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Tikala Baru. Dari hasil uji resistensi merkuri, terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri pada setiap konsentrasi. Setelah dilakukan uji morfologi, fisiologi, dan biokimia didapatkan 7 genus bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri, yaitu Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Hafnia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Escherichia, dan Bacillus. Simpulan: Terdapat 7 genus bakteri resisten merkuri yang teridentifikasi dalam urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Tikala Baru. Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri resisten merkuri

scholarly journals Rethinking the Dental Amalgam Dilemma: An Integrated Toxicological Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Jirau-Colón ◽  
Leonardo González-Parrilla ◽  
Jorge Martinez-Jiménez ◽  
Waldemar Adam ◽  
Braulio Jiménez-Velez
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Mercury Vapor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Toxic Pollutant ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Dental Amalgam Fillings ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Mercury (Hg) has been identified as one of the most toxic nonradioactive materials known to man. Although mercury is a naturally occurring element, anthropogenic mercury is now a major worldwide concern and is an international priority toxic pollutant. It also comprises one of the primary constituents of dental amalgam fillings. Even though dental mercury amalgams have been used for almost two centuries, its safety has never been tested or proven in the United States by any regulatory agency. There has been an ongoing debate regarding the safety of its use since 1845, and many studies conclude that its use exposes patients to troublesome toxicity. In this review, we present in an objective way the danger of dental amalgam to human health based on current knowledge. This dilemma is addressed in terms of an integrated toxicological approach by focusing on four mayor issues to show how these interrelate to create the whole picture: (1) the irrefutable constant release of mercury vapor from dental amalgams which is responsible for individual chronic exposure, (2) the evidence of organic mercury formation from dental amalgam in the oral cavity, (3) the effect of mercury exposure on gene regulation in human cells which supports the intrinsic genetic susceptibility to toxicant and, finally, (4) the availability of recent epidemiological data supporting the link of dental amalgams to diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson.

scholarly journals Perception of Patients with Amalgam Fillings about Toxicity of Mercury in Dental Amalgam

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
CT Bamise ◽  
Adeleke O Oginni ◽  
Michael A Adedigba ◽  
OO Olagundoye
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Level Of Agreement ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate the awareness of patients with dental fillings about the toxicity of mercury in dental amalgam. Materials and methods Adult patients having at least one amalgam filling in their mouth were recruited in the Oral Diagnosis Department of OAUTHC, Ile-Ife Dental Hospital. Participants were recruited consecutively as they report in the clinic. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire developed based on standard questions from relevant publications. They were asked to indicate the type of filling material in their mouth, ingredients of the material, previous knowledge of mercury in dental amalgam and ailments due to mercury. They were to indicate their level of agreement with filling their cavities with dental amalgam despite prior information about its mercury content. Results There were about 446 respondents analyzed; male, 194 (43.5%); female 252 (56.5%). Six (1.4%) and 21 (4.7%) respondents were primary and secondary schools students respectively; 15(3.4%) had no formal education while about 410 (91.9%) were either undergraduate or graduate. All of them had at least one amalgam filling. 249 (55%) participants know the type of filling on their teeth; 156 (34.5%) had the knowledge of the presence of mercury in dental amalgam while 26.1% believed mercury can cause problems in human beings. About 90 (19.9%) participants claimed to have heard about adverse reactions to dental amalgams and 34 (7.5%) of them have heard about people recovering from an illness after removal of their filling. The level of agreement with filling their cavities with amalgam despite prior knowledge of its mercury content was 74% while 60% was observed for allowing just any material to be placed on their teeth. Conclusion Awareness of toxicity of mercury in dental amalgam was slightly low among the respondents studied. This may be suggested to be a reflection of nonexistent of global amalgam controversy in Nigeria. How to cite this article Bamise CT, Oginni AO, Adedigba MA, Olagundoye OO. Perception of Patients with Amalgam Fillings about Toxicity of Mercury in Dental Amalgam. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(3):289-293.

scholarly journals Identifikasi Bakteri Resisten Merkuri Menggunakan Metode 16SrRNA terhadap Plak Gigi pada Pasien Pengguna Tumpatan Amalgam

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christofel A.N. Tanumihardja ◽  
Billy Kepel ◽  
Widhi Bodhi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Dental Fillings ◽  
Dental Filling ◽  
Mercury Reductase ◽  
Dental Plaques ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Mathematics And Science ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Amalgam is a popular dental filling due to its cheaper price than other dental fillings. Basically, amalgam is an alloy, consists of two or more metals; one of them is mercury. The unfavorable thing about this alloy is that its vapor in the oral cavity can trigger the development of mercury-resistant bacteria. This type of bacteria has an enzyme called mercury reductase that can reduce Hg2+ to Hg0. 16SsRNA is a gene that contains important information to describe the prokaryotic type. This study was aimed to identify the type of mercury-resistant bacteria from dental plaque of patients with amalgam fillings. Samples were taken from the dental plaques. Isolation of DNA, sequensing of 16SsRNA gene by using PCR, and online BLAST through GenBank NCBI, and finally looking for the closest relative using a phylogenetic tree were performed in the Pharmacy Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Science. The result of BLAST showed 4 types of bacteria, and the closest relative is B. thuringiensis. Conclusion: The type of mercury-resistant bacteria found in dental plaques was Bacillus thuringiensis.Keyword: amalgam, mercury resistant bacteria, dental plaques, 16SsRNA, PCR Abstrak: Amalgam adalah suatu logam campuran yang terdiri dari dua atau beberapa logam yang salah satunya adalah merkuri atau air raksa. Amalgam sebagai bahan tumpatan sampai saat ini masih banyak digunakan oleh dokter gigi karena harganya yang relatif murah. Namun penggunaan amalgam ini dapat melepaskan uap merkuri selama berada di dalam rongga mulut. Penggunaan amalgam ini memicu munculnya bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri dimana bakteri dapat mereduksi Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 melalui enzim yang menginduksi merkuri reduktase. 16SsRNA adalah gen yang menampung informasi-informasi penting agar mendeskripsikan jenis-jenis prokariotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri resisten merkuri pada plak gigi pasien pengguna tumpatan amalgam menggunakan metode PCR. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif observatif. Sampel diambil dari plak gigi pasien pengguna tumpatan amalgam di Laboratorium Farmasi Fakultas MIPA. Dilakukan langkah-langkah untuk isolasi DNA, sekuensing gen 16SsRNA menggunakan PCR, kemudian dilakukan BLAST secara online melalui GenBank NCBI lalu dicari kekerabatannya menggunakan pohon filogenetik. Hasil BLAST mendapatkan 4 jenis bakteri, dan kekerabatan terdekatnya ialah Bacillus thuringiensis. Simpulan: Jenis bakteri resisten terhadap merkuri pada plak gigi ialah Bacillus thuringiensis.Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri resisten merkuri, plak gigi, 16SsRNA, PCR

scholarly journals Should dental amalgams be used in dental training? The perspectives of dental academics at a university in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (09) ◽  
pp. 524-531
Author(s):  
Sharmila Bissoon ◽  
Rajeshree Moodley
Keyword(s):  
Resin Composite ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Restorative Dentistry ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Clinical Supervisors ◽  
Dental Amalgams

Dental amalgam has been used in dentistry for the last 150 years to restore posterior teeth. Concerns regarding the safety issues with amalgam due to its mercury content have lead to the introduction of composite dental material to restore posterior teeth. This has transformed the teaching and training trends of direct restorative materials for posterior teeth. This descriptive study aimed to gain insight into academic staff and clinical supervisors’ perceptions regarding the use of dental amalgams in the teaching of restorative dentistry. This study used a qualitative method of data collection. Two focus group discussions were conducted between March and May 2020. Seventeen participants were invited to participate. Fourteen responded and participated, yielding an 82% response rate. The data identified two major themes, viz. the challenges experienced with the teaching of dental amalgam and curriculum development recommendations. Clinical quota requirements, disposal of waste products, and occupational and environmental risks regarding mercury exposure were sub-themes. Some of the curriculum recommendations included the skills gained during cavity preparations, the training and quota requirements of dental materials, and teaching trends locally, nationally and internationally.This study revealed that dental amalgam is still an integral part of the restorative dentistry curriculum at the university. However, the teaching of resin composite now occupies more than fifty percent of the restorative dentistry curriculum. Academics and clinical supervisors show a greater affinity for the placement of composite restorations.

scholarly journals Isolasi bakteri resisten merkuri pada urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam di Puskesmas Tuminting

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia V.F. Bahter ◽  
Billy J. Kepel ◽  
Fatimawali .
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Toxicity Level ◽  
Mercury Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Metal is very important for human life, albeit, some of them have toxic effects. Mercury is a heavy metal with a high toxicity level. In the field of dentistry, mercury is used as an ingredient of amalgam. The use of amalgam apparently triggers resistant bacteria due to continuous release of mercury since the usage of condensing amalgam in the tooth. This study was aimed to determine whether there were mercury-resistant bacteria in the urine of patients who had amalgam-filling tooth at Puskesmas Tuminting (primary health care) and to identify the types of mercury-resistant bacteria. This was a descriptive exploratory study using urine samples of patients in dental clinic with amalgam fillings minimal for 6 months. The results obtained 30 isolates of mercury-resistant bacteria with 6 genera of bacteria resistant to mercury, as follows: Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Hafnia sp, Enterobacter sp, and Eubacteria sp. Conclusion: There were mercury-resistant bacteria in the urine of patients with amalgam-filling teeth in the Dental Clinic of Puskesmas Tuminting.Keywords: amalgam, mercury-resistant bacteria  Abstrak: Logam sangat penting bagi kehidupan manusia. Walaupun demikian beberapa jenis logam memiliki efek toksik, salah satunya ialah merkuri. Merkuri tergolong logam berat dengan tingkat toksisitas yang tinggi. Dalam bidang kedokteran gigi, merkuri digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan campuran amalgam. Penggunaan amalgam ternyata memicu bakteri resisten merkuri dikarenakan pelepasan Hg secara terus menerus sejak dilakukan kondensasi amalgam di dalam mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri dalam urin pasien yang menggunakan amalgam di Puskesmas Tuminting dan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri resisten merkuri yang ditemukan. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel penelitian ialah urin pasien di Poli Gigi dengan tumpatan amalgam minimal 6 bulan. Hasil penelitian menapatkan dari 30 isolat bakteri resisten merkuri terdapat 6 genus bakteri yang resisten terhadap merkuri, yaitu: Klebsiella sp, Bacillus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Hafnia sp, Enterobacter sp, dan Eubacteria sp. Simpulan: Terdapat bakteri resisten merkuri dalam urin pasien dengan tumpatan amalgam merkuri di Poli Gigi Puskesmas Tuminting.Kata kunci: amalgam, bakteri resisten merkuri

scholarly journals BAKTERI RESISTEN MERKURI (Hg) PADA PLAK GIGI PASIEN DENGAN TUMPATAN AMALGAM DI PUSKESMAS BAHU

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Tizia Mogi ◽  
Billy Kepel ◽  
Widdhi Bodhi
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mercury Reductase ◽  
Dental Amalgam Fillings ◽  
Strength And Durability ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

Abstract: Amalgam is an alloy of mercury with various metals which used for dental amalgam fillings since 150 years ago. It is still popular because of it’s strength and durability. However, it also has issue about it’s safety due to releasing of mercury inside oral cavity. Long time of exposure to mercury will result in resistant mercurial. Bacteria have ability to reduce Hg2+ to Hg0 by mercury reductase enzyme, changing toxicity to non-toxic form. We obtained the dental plaque from 5 patients who has been using amalgam for 5 years or more at Puskesmas Bahu. The dental plaque were stored inside the sterile glass tube with 0.9% NaCl solution and then tested for mecury resistant bacteria and identified bacteria. We founded 15 isolates were resistant to mercury. Then we did physiology, morphology, and biochemistry tests.  There are 8 genus of bacterias which has ability to reduce mercury from dental plaque of patient with amalgam fillings. Keywords: Amalgam, Mercury Resistant Bacteria, Dental Plaque   Abstrak: Amalgam merupakan campuran logam, yang diantaranya adalah merkuri sudah digunakan sejak 150 tahun yang lalu oleh kedokteran gigi sebagai penambal gigi berlubang dan sampai sekarang amalgam masih digunakan oleh dokter gigi karena merupakan bahan tambalan yang kuat dan tahan lama. Namun resiko utama amalgam adalah pelepasan uap merkuri yang mungkin terjadi selama penggunaannya di rongga mulut. Penggunaan amalgam ini memicu munculnya bakteri resisten terhadap merkuri dimana bakteri mampu untuk mereduksi ion Hg2+ menjadi Hg0 oleh enzim merkuri reduktase, yang sebelumnya bersifat toksik menjadi kurang toksik. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui bakteri resisten merkuri pada plak gigi pasien dengn tumpatan amalgam. Desain penelitian adalah metode deskriptif eksploratif. Sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 koloni bakteri resisten merkuri pada plak gigi dari pasien yang telah menggunakan tumpatan amalgam minimal 5 tahun yang berkunjung ke Puskesmas Bahu. Spesimen yang didapatkan dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi steril yang berisi larutan NaCl 0.9% segera dibawa ke laboratorium untuk dilakukan uji resistensi merkuri dan identifikasi bakteri. Isolasi isolat bakteri resisten merkuri pada 5 sampel, diperoleh 15 isolat. Selanjutnya dilakukan identifikasi bakteri melalui uji morfologi, uji fisiologi, dan uji biokimia.  Hasil uji yang dilakukan ditemukan 8 genus bakteri yang dapat diidentifikasi. Kata Kunci: Amalgam, Bakteri Resisten Merkuri, Plak Gigi

scholarly journals Mercury Exposure Assessment in Mother–Infant Pairs from Continental and Coastal Croatia

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Sekovanić ◽  
Martina Piasek ◽  
Tatjana Orct ◽  
Antonija Sulimanec Grgec ◽  
Marijana Matek Sarić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Dental Amalgam ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Cord Blood Serum ◽  
Dental Amalgams ◽  
Dental Amalgam Fillings ◽  
Amalgam Fillings

The main source of mercury (Hg) exposure in the general population is fish. Another possible source is dental amalgam. Here, we compare the levels of Hg and selenium (Se) in samples of maternal and fetal origin collected shortly after childbirth of healthy postpartum women in the coastal (n = 96) and continental (n = 185) areas of Croatia related to maternal seafood/fish consumption. We also evaluated Hg concentrations and maternal serum metallothionein (MT2) concentrations in relation to the number of dental amalgam fillings, and MT2A-5A/G (rs28366003) polymorphism. The levels of Hg and Se in maternal hair and blood/serum, placenta and cord blood/serum increased in relation to increasing fish consumption with the highest values in subjects from the coast. The concentrations of each element and between elements correlated across the matrices. Increasing amalgam number correlated linearly with increased Hg levels in maternal and cord serum and was not associated with serum MT2. No association of MT2A-5A/G polymorphism and Hg or Se levels were found. The results confirmed higher fish consumption in coastal vs. continental Croatia and increases of both Hg and Se related to fish consumption in all analyzed samples. Increased blood Hg reflected the predominant MeHg share from seafood, while increased serum Hg matched exposure from dental amalgams.

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