Microbiological Aspects and Inflammatory Response of Pulp Tissue in Traumatic Dental Lesions

Traumatic dental lesions are more frequently found in the pediatric population, with a major involvement, in 80% of the cases, of the superior central incisors. The exposure of the dental pulp leads to major morphological changes in dental tissue, such as discolouring, acute pulp inflammation, chronic inflammation and necrosis. This article reviews the various studies published on the different types of inflammatory response of the pulp tissue following traumatic events, from the microbiological and histological point of view of various techniques.

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Does hypersensitive teeth show pulp inflammation?

RGO - Revista Gaúcha de Odontologia ◽

10.1590/1981-86372019000113580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Paraguassú FAGUNDES-DE-SOUZA ◽

Marcelo Henrique NAPIMOGA ◽

Andresa Borges SOARES ◽

Vera Cavalcanti ARAÚJO ◽

Cecilia Pedroso TURSSI

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Soft Drink ◽

Histological Evaluation ◽

Dentin Hypersensitivity ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: This study investigated the presence of inflammatory response in the dental pulp of rats showing hypersensitive dentin, induced by erosive episodes. Methods: Sixteen Wistar rats were fed with commercial sucrose-free pellet diet for 12 hours; whereas the food was removed during the remainder of the day, and the animals received mineral water or a lemon-based sucrose-free soft drink, according to the group to which they belonged. Eight animals consumed the soft drink to induce hypersensitivity, while the other 8 animals received mineral water (control). After six weeks, the animals were euthanized, the mandible was removed and subjected to a median incision in the sagittal plane, to obtain right and left hemimandibles. The slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin were analyzed using light microscopy. Results: Histological evaluation of the control and experimental groups revealed no inflammatory process in the pulp tissue, and the presence of inflammatory cells, such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophils and macrophages, was not observed. In addition, there was no edema or dilated and congested blood vessels. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference (p = 1.000) between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion: In the animal model used, dentin hypersensitivity does not trigger dental pulp inflammatory response.

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The Active Imperfect of the verbs of the ‘2nd Conjugation’ in the Peloponnesian Varieties of Modern Greek

Journal of Greek Linguistics ◽

10.1075/jgl.4.03pan ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 3-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nikolaos Pantelidis

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Point Of View ◽

Phonological Process ◽

Modern Greek ◽

Different Types ◽

Traditional Grammar ◽

Aspectual Markers ◽

Important Evidence

AbstractThe present paper treats the different types of formation and the inflectional patterns of the active imperfect of the verbs that in traditional grammar are known as verbs of the ‘2nd conjugation’ in the Peloponnesian varieties of Modern Greek (except Tsakonian and Maniot), mainly from a diachronic point of view. A reconstruction of the processes that led to the current situation is attempted and directions for further possible changes are suggested. The diachrony of the morphology of the imperfect of the ‘2nd conjugation’ in the Peloponnesian varieties involves developments such as morphologization of a phonological process and the evolution of number-oriented allomorphy at the level of aspectual markers, while at the same time offering interesting insights into the mechanisms and scope of morphological changes and the morphological structure of the Modern Greek verb. These developments can also offer important evidence for the process of dialectal differentiation of Medieval/‘Early Modern’ Greek.

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The Role of microRNAs in Pulp Inflammation

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10082142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2142

Author(s):

José Luis Muñoz-Carrillo ◽

Silverio Jafet Vázquez-Alcaraz ◽

Jazmín Monserrat Vargas-Barbosa ◽

Luis Guillermo Ramos-Gracia ◽

Israel Alvarez-Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Response ◽

Small Molecules ◽

Dental Pulp ◽

Target Genes ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Systematized Review ◽

Affected Tissue

The dental pulp can be affected by thermal, physical, chemical, and bacterial phenomena that stimulate the inflammatory response. The pulp tissue produces an immunological, cellular, and vascular reaction in an attempt to defend itself and resolve the affected tissue. The expression of different microRNAs during pulp inflammation has been previously documented. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small molecules involved in the transcription of genes that regulate the immune system and the inflammatory response. They are present in cellular and physiological functions, as well as in the pathogenesis of human diseases, becoming potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring, and safety. Previous studies have evidenced the different roles played by miRNAs in proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and immunological phenomena in the dental pulp, highlighting specific key functions of pulp pathology. This systematized review aims to provide an understanding of the role of the different microRNAs detected in the pulp and their effects on the expression of the different target genes that are involved during pulp inflammation.

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Decorative motifs on oil lamps from Grimm's 1973 excavations in Alexandria

10.31338/1234-5415pam.28.1.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Heba Abdel Wahed Sayed

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

Symbolic Meaning ◽

Ancient History ◽

Different Types ◽

Decorative Motifs ◽

Egyptian Culture ◽

Late Roman

A collection of 30 clay oil lamps from Gunther Grimm's excavations in 1973 in the Western necropolis of Alexandria has been classified by Safaa Samir Abu Al Yazid from Tanta University and found to represent 12 different types ranging in time from the Hellenistic to the late Roman periods in Egypt's ancient history. The present paper looks at this collection from the point of view of the symbolic significance of the decorative motifs used in their decoration. These motifs— figural, floral and geometric—had obvious symbolic meaning to their users and signified more than a simple belief in certain deities. They also reflected Roman Egyptian culture.

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Embodied Energy and Embodied GWP of Windows: A Critical Review

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14133788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (13) ◽

pp. 3788

Author(s):

Francesco Asdrubali ◽

Marta Roncone ◽

Gianluca Grazieschi

Keyword(s):

Critical Analysis ◽

Strong Dependence ◽

Primary Energy ◽

Point Of View ◽

Embodied Energy ◽

Construction Sector ◽

Industrialized Countries ◽

Different Types ◽

Operational Phase ◽

Operational Impact

The construction sector is one of the most energy-intensive in the industrialized countries. In order to limit climate change emissions throughout the entire life cycle of a building, in addition to reducing energy consumption in the operational phase, attention should also be paid to the embodied energy and CO2 emissions of the building itself. The purpose of this work is to review data on embodied energy and GWP derived from EPDs of different types of windows, to identify the LCA phases, the most impacting materials and processes from an environmental point of view and to perform a critical analysis of the outcomes. The results show a strong dependence on the typology of the frame, with wooden windows having competitive performances: lower average primary energy non-renewable (1123 MJ/FU), higher average primary energy renewable (respectively 817 MJ/FU) and lower global warming potential (54 kgCO2eq/FU). More transparency and standardization in the information conveyed by the program operators is, however, desirable for a better comparability of windows performances. In particular, the inclusion of the operational impact in the EPD is sporadic, but strongly important, since it can be the most impactful phase.

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Resolvin E1 accelerates pulp repair by regulating inflammation and stimulating dentin regeneration in dental pulp stem cells

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-021-02141-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jie Chen ◽

Huaxing Xu ◽

Kun Xia ◽

Shuhua Cheng ◽

Qi Zhang

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Tissue Repair ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽

Injury Model ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Inflammation Resolution ◽

Pulp Repair ◽

Dentin Regeneration

Abstract Background Unresolved inflammation and tissue destruction are considered to underlie the failure of dental pulp repair. As key mediators of the injury response, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) play a critical role in pulp tissue repair and regeneration. Resolvin E1 (RvE1), a major dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acid metabolite, is effective in resolving inflammation and activating wound healing. However, whether RvE1 facilitates injured pulp-tissue repair and regeneration through timely resolution of inflammation and rapid mobilization of DPSCs is unknown. Therefore, we established a pulp injury model and investigated the effects of RvE1 on DPSC-mediated inflammation resolution and injured pulp repair. Methods A pulp injury model was established using 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 after pulp capping with a collagen sponge immersed in PBS with RvE1 or PBS. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunohistofluorescence were used to evaluate the prohealing properties of RvE1. hDPSCs were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, and the expression of inflammatory factors after RvE1 application was measured. Effects of RvE1 on hDPSC proliferation, chemotaxis, and odontogenic differentiation were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining, and quantitative PCR, and possible signaling pathways were explored using western blotting. Results In vivo, RvE1 reduced the necrosis rate of damaged pulp and preserved more vital pulps, and promoted injured pulp repair and reparative dentin formation. Further, it enhanced dentin matrix protein 1 and dentin sialoprotein expression and accelerated pulp inflammation resolution by suppressing TNF-α and IL-1β expression. RvE1 enhanced the recruitment of CD146+ and CD105+ DPSCs to the damaged molar pulp mesenchyme. Isolated primary cells exhibited the mesenchymal stem cell immunophenotype and differentiation. RvE1 promoted hDPSC proliferation and chemotaxis. RvE1 significantly attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) release and enhanced ALP activity, nodule mineralization, and especially, expression of the odontogenesis-related genes DMP1, DSPP, and BSP in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. RvE1 regulated AKT, ERK, and rS6 phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated DPSCs. Conclusions RvE1 promotes pulp inflammation resolution and dentin regeneration and positively influences the proliferation, chemotaxis, and differentiation of LPS-stimulated hDPSCs. This response is, at least partially, dependent on AKT, ERK, and rS6-associated signaling in the inflammatory microenvironment. RvE1 has promising application potential in regenerative endodontics.

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The combination of different open innovations: a longitudinal case study

Chinese Management Studies ◽

10.1108/cms-02-2018-0410 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 342-362

Author(s):

Xiaodong Yuan ◽

Xiaotao Li

Keyword(s):

New Product Development ◽

Open Innovation ◽

Point Of View ◽

Longitudinal Case Study ◽

Key Factors ◽

Content Type ◽

Strategic Direction ◽

Different Types ◽

Innovation Capacity

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how an organization can combine different types of open innovations and what are the key factors that may influence the combination of different open innovations. Design/methodology/approach The basic methodology of this paper is the longitudinal inductive analysis within the conceptual framework of the open innovation proposed by Dahlander and Gann (2010). In this case study of Xiaomi Tech Inc., the open innovation combination is investigated through examining 25 new products created between August 2010 and December 2016 in terms of four general types: acquiring, sourcing, selling and revealing open innovation. Findings In practice, the combination of different types of open innovations can be realized. A firm may combine different open innovations at three levels: a single product level, a related product cluster level and a company level. In addition, different open innovations can be combined in diverse modes. The purpose of combining different types of open innovations is to overcome the disadvantages of each type and to exploit the advantages of all different types. Many factors may affect a firm’s option of how to combine open innovations. At different development stages, a firm may make and implement corresponding strategic direction based on its innovation capacity and internal resource. For a given strategy, the firm needs to create profits and manage intellectual property in the implementation of open innovations. These factors are interacted each other, rather than isolated. Originality/value The findings of this paper are helpful for better understanding how and why an organization can combine different types of open innovations. From a managerial point of view, an organization may combine different types of open innovations to leverage advantages and avoid disadvantages of each certain type of open innovation. An appropriate combination of different open innovations can effectively improve new product development.

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In Vivo Study of the Action of a Topical Anti-Inflammatory Drug In Rat Teeth Submitted To Dental Bleaching

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201802177 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (6) ◽

pp. 555-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Francine Benetti ◽

André Luiz Fraga Briso ◽

Luciana Louzada Ferreira ◽

Marina Carminatti ◽

Larissa Álamo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Tests ◽

Control Groups ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Dental Bleaching ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Pulp Inflammation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

And Control

Abstract Bleaching gel containing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) cause damages in pulp tissue. This study investigated the action of a topical anti-inflammatory, the Otosporin®, in rats’ bleached teeth with the null hypothesis of which the Otosporin® is no able to minimize the pulp inflammation that bleaching gel generates. The rat’s molars were divided into groups: BLE: bleached (35% H2O2 concentration /single application of 30 min); BLE-O: bleached followed by Otosporin® (10 min); and control: placebo gel. In the second day after dental bleaching, the rats were killed, and the jaws were processed for hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemistry analysis for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-17. The data collected were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn statistical tests with at a 5% level of significance (p<0.05). The BLE group had moderate to strong inflammation in the occlusal third of the coronary pulp, with necrotic areas; and BLE-O, mild inflammation (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in the occlusal and middle thirds of the coronary pulp between the BLE with BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05). There was no difference in the cervical third (p>0.05). The BLE group had a high immunoexpression of TNF-α than BLE-O and control groups (p<0.05), with moderate and mild immunoexpression, respectively. Regarding IL-6 and IL-17, the BLE group had higher immunoexpression than control (p<0.05); the BLE-O was similar to the control (p>0.05). The topical anti-inflammatory Otosporin® can reduce pulp inflammation after dental bleaching in the rat teeth.

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Cell Bioprinting: The 3D-Bioplotter™ Case

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12234005 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (23) ◽

pp. 4005 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angelats Lobo ◽

Ginestra

Keyword(s):

3D Structure ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Petri Dish ◽

Two Dimensions ◽

Point Of View ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Synthetic Materials ◽

Different Types ◽

Available Information ◽

User Friendly

The classic cell culture involves the use of support in two dimensions, such as a well plate or a Petri dish, that allows the culture of different types of cells. However, this technique does not mimic the natural microenvironment where the cells are exposed to. To solve that, three-dimensional bioprinting techniques were implemented, which involves the use of biopolymers and/or synthetic materials and cells. Because of a lack of information between data sources, the objective of this review paper is, to sum up, all the available information on the topic of bioprinting and to help researchers with the problematics with 3D bioprinters, such as the 3D-Bioplotter™. The 3D-Bioplotter™ has been used in the pre-clinical field since 2000 and could allow the printing of more than one material at the same time, and therefore to increase the complexity of the 3D structure manufactured. It is also very precise with maximum flexibility and a user-friendly and stable software that allows the optimization of the bioprinting process on the technological point of view. Different applications have resulted from the research on this field, mainly focused on regenerative medicine, but the lack of information and/or the possible misunderstandings between papers makes the reproducibility of the tests difficult. Nowadays, the 3D Bioprinting is evolving into another technology called 4D Bioprinting, which promises to be the next step in the bioprinting field and might promote great applications in the future.

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XXVIII.—The Arrangement of Fibre Follicles in some Mammals, with special reference tothe Ovidæ

Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800017427 ◽

1939 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 763-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. E. Duerden

Keyword(s):

Special Reference ◽

Point Of View ◽

Research Association ◽

General Development ◽

Initial Form ◽

Genetic Unit ◽

Different Types

At the time of his death Dr Duerden was contemplating the preparation of a paper of this nature, and it is felt by Mrs Duerden that had he been able to express his wishes in this connection he would appreciate a record of the conclusions made by him. No one realised more than Dr Duerden himself the gaps which are still present in our knowledge and interpretation of the grouping of follicles and fibres in the mammalia, and this work is certainly not meant to be taken as representing Dr Duerden's final view or those of his colleagues at the Wool Industries Research Association. In view of the unique value of much of the material the present notes are intended, therefore, to form a basis and reference, firstly, for workers engaged in the general development of any mammalian coat from a morphogenic and phylogenetic point of view, and secondly, for those interested particularly in factors concerned in the formation of different types of fleeces in sheep. The conception of the follicle bundle as a discrete and basic genetic unit largely determining the initial form of the wool staple is of the highest importance in studies on the inheritance and developmentof fleece characters.

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