scholarly journals EXPRESS: Lexically-independent representation of the monotransitive structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110612
Author(s):  
Manabu Arai ◽  
Roger P.G. van Gompel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
General Level ◽  
Syntactic Priming ◽  
Double Object ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Lexical Items

Many previous studies have shown that syntactic priming tends to be stronger when the verb is repeated between the prime and target sentences. This phenomenon is known as the lexical boost and has been interpreted as evidence for a direct association between individual verbs and structural information. However, Van Gompel, Arai, and Pearson (2012) found no lexical boost with the monotransitive structure and argued that this structure is not associated with individual lexical items. Their results instead suggested that monotransitive structure information is represented at the category-general level. The current study examined whether this finding generalizes to verbs that can take either a monotransitive structure or a ditransitive structure. Our results demonstrated a lexical boost with double object ditransitive primes but not with monotransitive primes. This suggests that the monotransitive structure is indeed represented at the category-general level across different classes of verbs, whereas other structures are represented at the lexically-specific level.

Rapid determination of fractal structure of bacterial assemblages in wastewater treatment: implications to process optimisation

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guan ◽  
T. D. Waite ◽  
R. Amal ◽  
H. Bustamante ◽  
R. Wukasch
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Fractal Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Fractal Dimensions ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
On Line ◽  
Bacterial Aggregates

A rapid method of determining the structure of aggregated particles using small angle laser light scattering is applied here to assemblages of bacteria from wastewater treatment systems. The structure information so obtained is suggestive of fractal behaviour as found by other methods. Strong dependencies are shown to exist between the fractal structure of the bacterial aggregates and the behaviour of the biosolids in zone settling and dewatering by both pressure filtration and centrifugation methods. More rapid settling and significantly higher solids contents are achievable for “looser” flocs characterised by lower fractal dimensions. The rapidity of determination of structural information and the strong dependencies of the effectiveness of a number of wastewater treatment processes on aggregate structure suggests that this method may be particularly useful as an on-line control tool.

scholarly journals The Demobilization of Class Politics in Denmark: The Social Democratic Party’s Group-Based Appeals 1961–2004

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mads Thau
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
General Level ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Social Democratic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
Social Democratic Parties

Abstract In Denmark, as in other Western European countries, the working class does not vote for social democratic parties to the same extent as before. Yet, what role did the social democratic parties themselves play in the demobilization of class politics? Building on core ideas from public opinion literature, this article differs from the focus on party policy positions in previous work and, instead, focuses on the group-based appeals of the Social Democratic Party in Denmark. Based on a quantitative content analysis of party programs between 1961 and 2004, I find that, at the general level, class-related appeals have been replaced by appeals targeting non-economic groups. At the specific level, the class-related appeals that remain have increasingly been targeting businesses at the expense of traditional left-wing groups such as wage earners, tenants and pensioners. These findings support a widespread hypothesis that party strategy was crucial in the decline of class politics, but also suggests that future work on class mobilization should adopt a group-centered perspective.

scholarly journals TomoSAR Mapping of 3D Forest Structure: Contributions of L-Band Configurations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Matteo Pardini ◽  
Victor Cazcarra-Bes ◽  
Konstantinos Papathanassiou
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Structure Mapping ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
L Band ◽  
Structure Indices

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements are unique for mapping forest 3D structure and its changes in time. Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) configurations exploit this potential by reconstructing the 3D radar reflectivity. The frequency of the SAR measurements is one of the main parameters determining the information content of the reconstructed reflectivity in terms of penetration and sensitivity to the individual vegetation elements. This paper attempts to review and characterize the structural information content of L-band TomoSAR reflectivity reconstructions, and their potential to forest structure mapping. First, the challenges in the accurate TomoSAR reflectivity reconstruction of volume scatterers (which are expected to dominate at L-band) and to extract physical structure information from the reconstructed reflectivity is addressed. Then, the L-band penetration capability is directly evaluated by means of the estimation performance of the sub-canopy ground topography. The information content of the reconstructed reflectivity is then evaluated in terms of complementary structure indices. Finally, the dependency of the TomoSAR reconstruction and of its structural information to both the TomoSAR acquisition geometry and the temporal change of the reflectivity that may occur in the time between the TomoSAR measurements in repeat-pass or bistatic configurations is evaluated. The analysis is supported by experimental results obtained by processing airborne acquisitions performed over temperate forest sites close to the city of Traunstein in the south of Germany.

scholarly journals NMR-Based Structural Characterization of a Two-Disulfide-Bonded Analogue of the FXIIIa Inhibitor Tridegin: New Insights into Structure–Activity Relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 880
Author(s):  
Thomas Schmitz ◽  
Ajay Abisheck Paul George ◽  
Britta Nubbemeyer ◽  
Charlotte A. Bäuml ◽  
Torsten Steinmetzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Information ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Label Free ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Structure Activity Relationships ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Blood Sucking

The saliva of blood-sucking leeches contains a plethora of anticoagulant substances. One of these compounds derived from Haementeria ghilianii, the 66mer three-disulfide-bonded peptide tridegin, specifically inhibits the blood coagulation factor FXIIIa. Tridegin represents a potential tool for antithrombotic and thrombolytic therapy. We recently synthesized two-disulfide-bonded tridegin variants, which retained their inhibitory potential. For further lead optimization, however, structure information is required. We thus analyzed the structure of a two-disulfide-bonded tridegin isomer by solution 2D NMR spectroscopy in a combinatory approach with subsequent MD simulations. The isomer was studied using two fragments, i.e., the disulfide-bonded N-terminal (Lys1–Cys37) and the flexible C-terminal part (Arg38–Glu66), which allowed for a simplified, label-free NMR-structure elucidation of the 66mer peptide. The structural information was subsequently used in molecular modeling and docking studies to provide insights into the structure–activity relationships. The present study will prospectively support the development of anticoagulant-therapy-relevant compounds targeting FXIIIa.

Characterization of Tilt Boundaries by Ultra High Resolution Electron Microscopy

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Krakow ◽  
J. T. Wetzel ◽  
D. A. Smith ◽  
G. Trafas
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Experimental Point ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Tilt Boundaries

AbstractA high resolution electron microscope study of grain boundary structures in Au thin films has been undertaken from both a theoretical and experimental point of view. The criteria necessary to interpret images of tilt boundaries at the atomic level, which include electron optical and specimen effects, have been considered for both 200kV and the newer 400kV medium voltage microscopes. So far, the theoretical work has concentrated on two different [001] tilt bounda-ries where a resolution of 2.03Å is required to visualize bulk lattice structures on either side of the interface. Both a high angle boundary, (210) σ=5, and a low angle boundary, (910) σ=41, have been considered. Computational results using multislice dynamical diffraction and image simulations of relaxed bounda-ries viewed edge-on and with small amounts of beam and/or specimen inclina-tion have been obtained. It will be shown that some structural information concerning grain boundary dislocations can be observed at 200kV. However, many difficulties occur in the exact identification of the interface structure viewed experimentally for both [001] and [011] boundaries since the resolution required is near the performance limit of a 200kV microscope. The simulated results at 400kV indicate a considerable improvement will be realized in obtain-ing atomic structure information at the interface.

Some Difficulties of Learning to Program

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict Du Boulay
Keyword(s):  
General Level ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This article is a brief introduction to some of the issues that teachers of programming may find helpful. It starts by presenting a fairly idiosyncratic view of teaching programming which makes use of mechanistic analogies and points out some of the pitfalls. The article goes on to examine certain errors based on the misapplication of analogies as well as certain interaction errors. The main emphasis is on the notional machine both at the general level of understanding (and misunderstanding) the relationship of the terminal to the computer as such, as well as at the more specific level of understanding assignment. Notation and mistakes that poorly-designed languages can induce novices to commit are discussed.

Study on Remote Sensing Faults Information Extraction in Eastern Kunlun, NW China

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 3958-3961
Author(s):  
Xiao Hu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Shear Zones ◽  
Remote Sensing Image ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Remote Sensing Images ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Geological Body

Choosing the junction of Altun-Kunlun orogenic belt as the anatomical area of extracting complex texture and structure information from remote sensing images, make full use of multi-band remote sensing images to reflect the characteristics of the properties, to extract hidden information through image processing. Analyzing the structure elements by geological body, rock combination, linear and banded structure, penetrative and non-penetrative planar structure, folds, to carry out the surficial composition and structure research of the the junction of Altun-Kunlun orogenic belt, identifying different geological bodies, the fault zones, ductile shear zones, superimposed folds and different strain zones, the different types of foliation, clarifying the characteristics of multi-source remote sensing image from the angle of the image processing methods, proposing new remote sensing image extraction methods and recognition of structural information technology and new understanding of the regional geology.

Aspects of a Theory of Transition within the Capitalist Mode of Production

1983 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
K D Gibson ◽  
R J Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Historical Materialism ◽  
General Level ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Levels Of Abstraction ◽  
Specific Level ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
Level I ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Mode Of Production

Marx's primary focus in his theoretical and practical work was on the transition between modes of production; our concern here, however, is to offer a theory of transition within the capitalist mode of production which is consistent with the fundamental principles of historical materialism. The methodological solution to this problem, we suggest, lies in recognizing the levels of abstraction and corresponding degrees of historical specificity in theoretical concepts. Four levels of abstraction are identified: level I, universal theory; level II, theory of a mode of production in general; level III, theory of variants of a mode of production; and level IV, theoretically informed analysis of real concrete formations. It is at the more historically specific level III that a theory of transition within the capitalist mode of production is offered by identifying four variants of capitalist production: the transitional, competitive, monopoly, and global submodes of production. Finally, it is proposed that at level III a more satisfactory theory of uneven development is possible based on the articulation of submodes of production within given social formations.

scholarly journals Integrated NMR and cryo-EM atomic-resolution structure determination of a half-megadalton enzyme complex

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Gauto ◽  
Leandro Estrozi ◽  
Charles Schwieters ◽  
Gregory Effantin ◽  
Pavel Macek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Determination ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Magic Angle Spinning ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Nmr Structure Determination ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Resolution Structure

Atomic-resolution structure determination is the key requirement for understanding protein function. Cryo-EM and NMR spectroscopy both provide structural information, but currently cryo-EM does not routinely give access to atomic-level structural data, and, generally, NMR structure determination is restricted to small (<30 kDa) proteins. We introduce an integrated structure determination approach that simultaneously uses NMR and EM data to overcome the limits of each of these methods. The approach enabled determination of the high-resolution structure of the 468 kDa large dodecameric aminopeptidase TET2 to a precision and accuracy below 1 Angstrom by combining secondary-structure information obtained from near-complete magic-angle-spinning NMR assignments of the 39 kDa-large subunits, distance restraints from backbone amides and specifically labelled methyl groups, and a 4.1 Angstrom resolution EM map. The resulting structure exceeds current standards of NMR and EM structure determination in terms of molecular weight and precision. Importantly, the approach is successful even in cases where only medium-resolution (up to 8 Angstrom) cryo-EM data are available, thus paving avenues for the structure determination of challenging biological assemblies.

scholarly journals Online Credit Payment Fraud Detection via Structure-Aware Hierarchical Recurrent Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangli Lin ◽  
Li Sun ◽  
Qiwei Zhong ◽  
Can Liu ◽  
Jinghua Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fraud Detection ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Intrinsic Structure ◽  
Structure Information ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Sequential Information ◽  
Scale Behavior

Online credit payment fraud detection plays a critical role in financial institutions due to the growing volume of fraudulent transactions. Recently, researchers have shown an increased interest in capturing users’ dynamic and evolving fraudulent tendencies from their behavior sequences. However, most existing methodologies for sequential modeling overlook the intrinsic structure information of web pages. In this paper, we adopt multi-scale behavior sequence generated from different granularities of web page structures and propose a model named SAH-RNN to consume the multi-scale behavior sequence for online payment fraud detection. The SAH-RNN has stacked RNN layers in which upper layers modeling for compendious behaviors are updated less frequently and receive the summarized representations from lower layers. A dual attention is devised to capture the impacts on both sequential information within the same sequence and structural information among different granularity of web pages. Experimental results on a large-scale real-world transaction dataset from Alibaba show that our proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art models. The code is available at https://github.com/WangliLin/SAH-RNN.

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