EXPRESS: What is the Median Volume of Intracerebral Hemorrhage and is it Changing?

2021 ◽  
pp. 174749302110325
Author(s):  
David Robinson ◽  
Carson Van Sanford ◽  
Soo Young Kwon ◽  
Elisheva Coleman ◽  
Padmini Sekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Factor Management ◽  
Median Volume

Abstract: Objectives: Population-level estimates of the median intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume would allow for the evaluation of clinical trial external validity and determination of temporal trends. We previously reported the median ICH volume in 1988. However, differences in risk factor management, neuroimaging and demographics may have affected ICH volumes. The goal of this study was to determine the median volume of ICH within a population-based cross-sectional study, including whether it has changed over time. Methods: The Genetic and Environmental Risk Factors for Hemorrhagic Stroke study was a population-based study of ICH among residents of the Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky region from 2008 through 2012. The current study utilizes those data and compares with ICH cases from the same region in 1988. Initial CT images of the head were reviewed, and ICH volumes were calculated using consistent methodology. Results: From 2008 through 2012, we identified 1117 cases of ICH. The median volume of ICH was 14.0 mL and was lower in black (11.6) than in white (15.5) patients. Median volumes of lobar and deep ICH were 28·8 mL and 9.8 mL, respectively. Median ICH volume changed significantly from 1988 to 2008-2012, with age-and-race adjusted volume decreasing from 18.3 mL to 13.76 mL (p=0.025). Conclusions: Median volume of ICH was 13.76 mL, and this should be considered in clinical trial design. Median ICH volume has apparently decreased from 1988 to 2008-2012.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the South Indian state of Telangana: a population-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e029114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Rohit C Khanna ◽  
Shashank Yellapragada ◽  
Rajesh Challa ◽  
Javed Mohd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender

ObjectivesTo investigate the temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) in South India.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional studies conducted during the years 2011–2012 and 2017 using identical study methods and in geographical locations are compared. The L V Prasad Eye Institute established services in Khammam and not in Warangal district after the 2011–2012 study.SettingKhammam and Warangal districts in Telangana, India.ParticipantsIn total, 5357 participants aged ≥40 years were examined from two districts in the 2011–2012 study and 4923 participants were examined in the 2017 study.Main outcome measuresAge-adjusted and gender-adjusted temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of VI.Blindness and moderate VI (MVI) were defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/60 and 6/18–6/60 in the better eye, respectively. VI included MVI and blindness.ResultsNearly 2500 participants were examined in each location in both the 2011–2012 and 2017 studies. In Khammam district, overall VI declined by 2.5% from 15.5% to 13.0% (p<0.001). While there was no significant change in MVI (p=0.566), blindness declined by 3.0% from 5.4% to 2.4% (p<0.001). In Warangal district, the overall VI remained unchanged (p=0.60). While MVI increased by 3% from 9.3% to 12.3% (p=0.001), blindness declined by 3.5% from 6.5% to 3.0% (p<0.001). While MVI due to cataract increased in both districts, there was a significant decline in MVI due to refractive errors in Khammam.ConclusionThere was a significant decline in VI in Khammam district but not in Warangal district. The differential trends in prevalence and causes of VI can be explained by the availability and uptake of eye care services in these two districts.

scholarly journals Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Julian Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is an ever more common chronic non communicable disease and its control constitutes a growing public health concern given its links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level across groups of different glycaemic status, whilst establishing its socioeconomic phenotypic characteristics.Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and socio-economic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression.Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. The normoglycaemic sub-population had the highest depression rates. However, persons with known diabetes had a higher probability of having a history of depression (OR:2.36 CI 95%:1.12 – 4.96), as well as with being of the female gender, having lower educational status, having a history of smoking tobacco and having established cardiovascular disease.Conclusions Depression was highly prevalent among the normoglycaemic population especially as age progress. Physicians in primary care should implement a depression screening tool as part of their routine health check-ups, with special attention to those with cardiovascular co-morbidities and any signs of psycho-socio-economic burden.

scholarly journals Very high relative seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among communities in Bangui, Central African Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Manirakiza ◽  
Christian Malaka ◽  
Brice Martial Yambiyo ◽  
Saint Calver Henri Diemer ◽  
Jean de Dieu Longo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Level

Background: Large-scale population-based seroprevalence studies of SARS-CoV-2 are essential to characterize the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to extrapolate the prevalence of presumptive immunity at the population level. Objective: The objective of our survey was to estimate the cumulative population immunity for COVID-19 and to identify individual characteristics associated with a positive serostatus. Method: This was a clustered cross-sectional study conducted from July 12 to August 20, 2021, in households in the city of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic. Information regarding demographic characteristics (age, gender, and place of residence), comorbidities (chronic diseases) was collected. A venous blood sample was obtained for each participant to determine the level of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using a WANTAI SARS-CoV-2 Ab ELISA kit. Results: All up, 799 participants were surveyed. The average age was 27 years, and 45.8% of the respondents were male (sex ratio: 0.8). The overall proportion of respondents with a positive serostatus was 74.1%. Participants over 20 years of age were twice as likely to have a positive serostatus, with an OR of 2.2 (95% CI: [1.6, 3.1]). Interpretation: The results of this survey revealed a high cumulative level of immunity in Bangui, thus indicating a significant degree of spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. The public health implications of this high level of immunity to SARS-CoV-2, particularly on its variants burden, remain to be determined.

Physical Activity Levels According to Physical and Social Environmental Factors in a Sample of Adults Living in South Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (s2) ◽  
pp. S204-S212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales C. Amorim ◽  
Mario R. Azevedo ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Environmental

Objective:To evaluate the association between the physical and social environment and physical activity (leisure-time and transport-related) in a population-based sample of adults.Methods:Cross-sectional study including 972 adults (20−69 years) living in the urban area of Pelotas, Brazil. Physical activity was measured using the long International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Environmental variables were assessed using a modified version of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale.Results:69.8% (95% CI = 66.9−72.7) and 51.9% (95% CI = 48.8−55.1) of the subjects did not reach 150 min/wk on leisure-time and transport-related physical activity, respectively. Subjects living near green areas were more likely to be active in leisure-time, as well as those who reported to live in safe neighborhoods. Transport-related physical activity was higher among individuals living in areas with garbage accumulation, and was lower among those living in neighborhoods which are difficult to walk or cycle due to traffic. Social support was strongly associated with leisure-time physical activity.Conclusions:Safety investments, which are urgently required in Brazil, are likely to have a desirable side effect at increasing physical activity at the population level. Building enjoyable and safe public spaces for physical activity practice must be prioritized.

Does an inflammatory diet affect mental wellbeing in late childhood and mid-life? A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Kate Lycett ◽  
Disna J. Wijayawickrama ◽  
Mengjiao Liu ◽  
Anneke Grobler ◽  
David P. Burgner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Psychosocial Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diet Patterns ◽  
Similar Body

Abstract Inflammatory diets are increasingly recognized as a modifiable determinant of mental illness. However, there is a dearth of studies in early life and across the full mental wellbeing spectrum (mental illness to positive wellbeing) at the population level. This is a critical gap given that inflammatory diet patterns and mental wellbeing trajectories typically establish by adolescence. We examined associations of inflammatory diet scores with mental wellbeing in 11-12 year-olds and mid-life adults. Throughout Australia, 1759 11-12 year-olds (49% girls) and 1812 parents (88% mothers) contributed cross-sectional population-based data. Alternate inflammatory diet scores were calculated from a 26-item food frequency questionnaire, based on prior literature and prediction of inflammatory markers respectively. Participants reported negatively- and positively-framed mental wellbeing via psychosocial health, quality of life and life satisfaction surveys. We used causal inference modelling techniques via generalized linear regression models (mean differences and risk ratios (RR)) to examine how inflammatory diets might influence mental wellbeing. In children and adults respectively, a one standard deviation (SD) higher literature-derived inflammatory diet score conferred between a 44% (RR 95%CI:1.2-1.8) to 57% (RR 95%CI:1.3-2.0) and 54% (95%CI: 1.2-2.0) to 86% (RR 95%CI:1.4-2.4) higher risk of being in the worst mental wellbeing category (i.e. <16th percentile) across outcome measures. Results for inflammation-derived scores were similar. Body mass index (BMI) mediated effects (21-39%) in adults. Inflammatory diet patterns were cross-sectionally associated with mental wellbeing at age 11-12 years, with similar effects observed in mid-adulthood. Reducing inflammatory dietary components in childhood could improve population-level mental wellbeing across the lifecourse.

scholarly journals Sero prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in general population of Nagpur district

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 3952
Author(s):  
Sarita K. Sharma ◽  
Pragati G. Rathod ◽  
Ujwala U. Ukey ◽  
Uday W. Narlawar ◽  
Sanjay Zodpey
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Background Population ◽  
Nagpur District ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Background: Population based sero-epidemiological studies help us to determine the burden of COVID-19 infection at the community level and to monitor the trends in transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Antibody based sero-positivity indicates the extent of spread of infection in the given population and forms the basis for strengthening public health mitigation measures. The present study was carried out with the objective of conducting population level serosurvey in Nagpur district to understand the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and to help the designing and implementation of appropriate health system and policy level interventions. This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nagpur District over two weeks in October and November 2020. For the purpose of this survey the Nagpur district was divided into NMC area and Non NMC area.Methods: House to house survey was carried out and data was collected using Google form. For detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies venous blood was collected from each participant and electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was performed. The data was cleaned, coded and analysed using EPI INFO.Results: The total seroprevalence in Nagpur district was found to be 35.17 %. The seroprevalance in NMC area was 49.7% which was more than twice from that of Non NMC area (20.7%).Conclusions: Considerably large numbers of infections are asymptomatic, however a sizeable proportion of population is still susceptible to the infection and thus there is no time for complacency.

scholarly journals Comparison of dietary trends between two counties with and without a cardiovascular prevention program: a population-based cross-sectional study in northern Sweden

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Johanna Törmä ◽  
Robert Lundqvist ◽  
Mats Eliasson ◽  
Lena Maria Nilsson ◽  
Viktor Oskarsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Cardiovascular Prevention ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Survey Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cvd Prevention

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare temporal trends, over a 20-year period, in dietary habits between a county (Västerbotten) with a cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention program and a county (Norrbotten) without such a program. Design: Cross-sectional data from the Northern Sweden MONICA study (survey period 1994, 1999, 2004, 2009, 2014). Dietary habits were assessed by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Setting: Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten, Northern Sweden. Participants: Five thousand four hundred Swedish adults (mean age 56.9 years; 51.2% women) from Västerbotten (47%) and Norrbotten (53%). Results: No differences in temporal trend for estimated percentage of energy intake from total carbohydrates, total fat, total protein, and alcohol were observed between the counties (p for interaction ≥0.33). There were no between-county difference in temporal trends for overall diet quality (assessed by the Healthy Diet Score; p for interaction = 0.36). Nor were there any between-county differences for intake of whole grain products, fruits, vegetables, fish, sweetened beverages or fried potatoes (p for interaction ≥ 0.09). Consumption of meat (p for interaction = 0.05) increased to a greater extent in Norrbotten from 2009 and onwards, mainly in men (sex-specific analyses, p for interaction = 0.04). Men in Västerbotten decreased their intake of sweets to a greater extent than men in Norrbotten (p for interaction <0.01). Conclusions: Over a 20-year period in northern Sweden, only small differences in dietary habits were observed in favor of a county with a CVD prevention program compared to a county without such a program.

scholarly journals Vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality in Ontario between 1991 and 2009

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052098772
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Altoijry ◽  
Thomas F. Lindsay ◽  
K. Wayne Johnston ◽  
Muhammad Mamdani ◽  
Mohammed Al-Omran
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Vascular Injury ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Discharge Abstract Database ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective Trauma-related vascular injuries are major contributors to morbidity and mortality worldwide. We conducted a retrospective, population-based, cross-sectional study to examine temporal trends and factors associated with traumatic vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality in Ontario, Canada from 1991 to 2009. Methods We obtained data on Ontario hospital admissions for traumatic vascular injury, including injury mechanism and body region; and patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, and residence from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database and Registered Persons Database from fiscal years 1991 to 2009. We performed time series analysis of vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality rates and multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify significant mortality-associated factors. Results The overall in-hospital mortality rate for trauma-related vascular injury was 5.5%. A slight but non-significant decline in mortality occurred over time. The likelihood of vascular injury-related in-hospital mortality was significantly higher for patients involved in transport-related accidents (odds ratio [OR[=2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.76–2.76), age ≥65 years (OR = 4.34, 95% CI, 2.25–8.38), or with thoracic (OR = 2.24, 95% CI, 1.56–3.20) or abdominal (OR = 2.45, 95% CI, 1.75–3.42) injuries. Conclusions In-hospital mortality from traumatic vascular injury in Ontario was low and stable from 1991 to 2009.

Minerals Intake Distributions in a Large Sample of Iranian at-Risk Population Using the National Cancer Institute Method: Do They Meet Their Requirements?

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Heidari ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Leila Azadbakht ◽  
Nizal Sarrafzadegan
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
National Cancer Institute ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract. Background: Minerals are required for the body’s normal function. Aim: The current study assessed the intake distribution of minerals and estimated the prevalence of inadequacy and excess among a representative sample of healthy middle aged and elderly Iranian people. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the second follow up to the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS), 1922 generally healthy people aged 40 and older were investigated. Dietary intakes were collected using 24 hour recalls and two or more consecutive food records. Distribution of minerals intake was estimated using traditional (averaging dietary intake days) and National Cancer Institute (NCI) methods, and the results obtained from the two methods, were compared. The prevalence of minerals intake inadequacy or excess was estimated using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method, the probability approach and the tolerable upper intake levels (UL). Results: There were remarkable differences between values obtained using traditional and NCI methods, particularly in the lower and upper percentiles of the estimated intake distributions. A high prevalence of inadequacy of magnesium (50 - 100 %), calcium (21 - 93 %) and zinc (30 - 55 % for males > 50 years) was observed. Significant gender differences were found regarding inadequate intakes of calcium (21 - 76 % for males vs. 45 - 93 % for females), magnesium (92 % vs. 100 %), iron (0 vs. 15 % for age group 40 - 50 years) and zinc (29 - 55 % vs. 0 %) (all; p < 0.05). Conclusion: Severely imbalanced intakes of magnesium, calcium and zinc were observed among the middle-aged and elderly Iranian population. Nutritional interventions and population-based education to improve healthy diets among the studied population at risk are needed.

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