scholarly journals Urinary stone management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a suggested approach and review of literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175628722093951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Fakhr Yasseri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrostomy ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Refractory Pain ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Urological Intervention

COVID-19 is now the major health concern of the century in many countries. Prolonged homestay has various undesirable consequences for people, such as physical inactivity and weight gain, which potentially could put people at risk of urinary stone formation. With regard to the prevention and treatment strategy for urinary stones during this COVID-19 pandemic period, patients can be divided into two groups. The first group comprises those for whom urological intervention is not indicated and where general dietary and lifestyle recommendations are helpful. The second group comprises those patients where urological intervention is indicated. This group can be divided into emergent and nonemergent subgroups. Patients with urinary stones and concomitant uremia, sepsis, anuria, or refractory pain and vomiting make up the emergent group, where intervention is necessary. The preferred option during the novel coronavirus crisis for these patients is percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion under local anesthesia. The second subgroup is made up of those patients with asymptomatic and noncomplicated renal and ureteral stones where urologic intervention is indicated in the usual time scale. However, we suggest conservative treatment for 3 months during the COVID-19 outbreak after which re-evaluation of the patient should be carried out. Thus the operation could be chosen carefully based on the patient’s and urologist’s preference and the rate of infection in that center.

scholarly journals Proteus mirabilis Urease: Unsuspected Non-Enzymatic Properties Relevant to Pathogenicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7205
Author(s):  
Matheus V. C. Grahl ◽  
Augusto F. Uberti ◽  
Valquiria Broll ◽  
Paula Bacaicoa-Caruso ◽  
Evelin F. Meirelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Tnf Α

Infection by Proteus mirabilis causes urinary stones and catheter incrustation due to ammonia formed by urease (PMU), one of its virulence factors. Non-enzymatic properties, such as pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic activities, were previously reported for distinct ureases, including that of the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Here, PMU was assayed on isolated cells to evaluate its non-enzymatic properties. Purified PMU (nanomolar range) was tested in human (platelets, HEK293 and SH-SY5Y) cells, and in murine microglia (BV-2). PMU promoted platelet aggregation. It did not affect cellular viability and no ammonia was detected in the cultures’ supernatants. PMU-treated HEK293 cells acquired a pro-inflammatory phenotype, producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. SH-SY5Y cells stimulated with PMU showed high levels of intracellular Ca2+ and ROS production, but unlike BV-2 cells, SH-SY5Y did not synthesize TNF-α and IL-1β. Texas Red-labeled PMU was found in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus of all cell types. Bioinformatic analysis revealed two bipartite nuclear localization sequences in PMU. We have shown that PMU, besides urinary stone formation, can potentially contribute in other ways to pathogenesis. Our data suggest that PMU triggers pro-inflammatory effects and may affect cells beyond the renal system, indicating a possible role in extra-urinary diseases.

scholarly journals Nutrition and Kidney Stone Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1917
Author(s):  
Roswitha Siener
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Stone ◽  
Fluid Intake ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Dietary Therapy ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Kidney Stone Disease ◽  
Nutrition And Diet

The prevalence of kidney stone disease is increasing worldwide. The recurrence rate of urinary stones is estimated to be up to 50%. Nephrolithiasis is associated with increased risk of chronic and end stage kidney disease. Diet composition is considered to play a crucial role in urinary stone formation. There is strong evidence that an inadequate fluid intake is the major dietary risk factor for urolithiasis. While the benefit of high fluid intake has been confirmed, the effect of different beverages, such as tap water, mineral water, fruit juices, soft drinks, tea and coffee, are debated. Other nutritional factors, including dietary protein, carbohydrates, oxalate, calcium and sodium chloride can also modulate the urinary risk profile and contribute to the risk of kidney stone formation. The assessment of nutritional risk factors is an essential component in the specific dietary therapy of kidney stone patients. An appropriate dietary intervention can contribute to the effective prevention of recurrent stones and reduce the burden of invasive surgical procedures for the treatment of urinary stone disease. This narrative review has intended to provide a comprehensive and updated overview on the role of nutrition and diet in kidney stone disease.

scholarly journals Effect of Curcumin AgainstProteus mirabilisDuring Crystallization of Struvite from Artificial Urine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Prywer ◽  
Agnieszka Torzewska
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Artificial Urine ◽  
Struvite Crystallization

We investigated the activity of curcumin againstProteus mirabilisand the struvite crystallization in relation to urinary stones formation. In order to evaluate an activity of curcumin we performed anin vitroexperiment of struvite growth from artificial urine. The crystallization process was induced byProteus mirabilisto mimic the real urinary tract infection, which usually leads to urinary stone formation. The results demonstrate that curcumin exhibits the effect againstProteus mirabilisinhibiting the activity of urease—an enzyme produced by these microorganisms. Addition of curcumin increases the induction time and decreases the efficiency of growth of struvite compared with the absence of curcumin. Interestingly, the addition of curcumin does not affect the crystal morphology and habit. In conclusion, curcumin has demonstrated its significant potential to be further investigated for its use in the case of struvite crystallization induced for the growth byProteus mirabilisin relation to urinary stone formation.

Benefaction of Herbals in the Management of Urolithiasis

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankit Yadav ◽  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Yatin
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
High Recurrence Rate ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Forced Return

: Kidney stone formation or Urolithiasis is a common problem over many centuries with no guarantee of effective treatment and, a high recurrence rate. Urolithiasis is precipitation of insoluble and less soluble salt such as Oxalate and Phosphate in the urinary tract causing obstruction in the urethra resulting in renal colic and, hematuria. Approximately, 10-12% of the population in industrialized countries are severely affected by Urinary stones. In, only a few geographical areas is stone disease rare, e.g., in the coastal areas of Japan and Germany. It was believed that, 11% of people in India are suffering from urinary stone problems, and approximately 50% of these cases may lead to severe renal damage. Ultimately it causes severe health issues in terms of urinary tract obstruction, severe pain, and infection that adversely affects the health of individuals. Diuretics and narcotic analgesic like drugs which are used to prevent and cure urolithiasis are not effective in all cases and are costly, give quite common recurrences, risk long term fertility and, other potential side effects are observed. So, humans are forced return to Nature for safe remedies using herbal treatment. A great number of Indian medicinal plants have been investigated in the treatment of urolithiasis, and they have been reported to be safe and effective. In the present review, an effort has been made to highlight such herbal medicines which are potentially effective in the management of urolithiasis.

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Chemical Composition of Urinary Stones in the Azorean Population (São Miguel Island - Portugal): A Preliminary Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paula Silva Linhares ◽  
Patricia Ventura Garcia ◽  
Sara Goulart ◽  
Carlos Sebastião ◽  
Pedro Mota Preto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Family History ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Urinary Stones

Introduction: Urinary stone disease is one of the most common disorders of the urinary tract. However, the main risk factors and chemical composition of urinary stones in the population of the Azores are unknown. The objective of this study was to define the most important factors associated with the formation of urinary calculi, investigating eating habits, family history and chemical composition of the calculi in the population of the Azores. Methods: The data were collected from 46 patients of the Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo and 48 healthy volunteers. A questionnaire was recorded on the medical and family history of the participants and on their life habits. The chemical composition of the calculi was evaluated by ICP-MS. Results: It was observed that the study group has a higher prevalence of diabetes and cases of urinary calculi in the family compared to the reference group. A positive correlation was found between calcium in the stones and the contents of sodium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum and strontium. Conclusion: This study reveals that family history, diabetes and water consumption play an important role in the development of urinary calculi in the population of the Azores. The chemical content of the stones should also be considered since these data could help the medical community to understand the causes of urinary stone formation and adapt the medication and preventive measures to the patient and to the type of kidney stone produced.

scholarly journals Analytical geochemistry in the service of medicine: An experimental study of urinary stones from Northern Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
A. Iordanidis ◽  
J. Garcia-Guinea
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Mineralogical Characteristics

Knowledge of the precise human biomineral composition may allow physicians to recommend an appropriate prophylactic therapy for the patient and thus prevent or delay the stone recurrence. The present study focuses on the application of complementary analytical techniques to the characterization of human urinary stones. Several gallbladder and renal stone samples were obtained from patients dwelling in areas of northern Greece. A comprehensive analytical study took place, employing the following, common in analytical geochemistry, techniques: Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy (ESEM) coupled to Energy Dispersive System (EDS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), μRaman spectroscopy and Cathodoluminescence (CL). A detailed determination of morphological, micro-structural, molecular, chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the urinary stone samples was achieved. It was evident by our study the application of powerful analytical techniques could substantially help the medical advisors to ascribe a medical treatment of diseases related to stone formation.

scholarly journals 3341 Sex Differences in Vitamin D and Urinary Stone Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 54-54
Author(s):  
Damian Nicolas Di Florio ◽  
Erika J. Douglass ◽  
Katelyn A. Bruno ◽  
Anneliese R. Hill ◽  
Jessica E. Mathews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Urinary Stone Disease ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Icd 10

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: More men than women develop urinary stones and their prevalence alters in women with menopause suggesting a steroidal influence. In men the incidence of stones is highest during July and August suggesting that environmental factors such as Vitamin D (VitD), a steroid, may affect stone formation. Previous studies have found differences in the development of stones between men and women; however, the reasons for sex differences in stone formation and type remain unclear. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We examined VitD levels in men and women (n = 18,753) that had no diseases based on a lack of an ICD-9 or ICD-10 code in their electronic medical record. We found that normal, healthy women had significantly higher levels of sera VitD compared to men (p = 6x10-6). We then examined whether sex differences existed for key endpoints/data from the Mayo Clinic Urinary Stone Disease (USD) Registry, which has around 1,600 urinary stone patients that are well-phenotyped according to sex, age and stone type. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Control women were found to have higher sera VitD levels than men, but the sex difference no longer exists in kidney stone disease patients. When we further separated by race, we found that differences in VitD levels reappeared; this suggests that race also plays a role in sera VitD variances. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: We are developing a disease severity score, which we will use to correlate to sera VitD levels in patients according to sex, age and race. Future analyses will take into account whether subjects had VitD and calcium supplementation. This project begins to explore the mechanism behind the sex differences known to exist in urinary stone disease, which is critically needed to provide improved diagnosis and therapy for this debilitating disease.

scholarly journals Non-surgical treatment of urinary stone

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 668-676
Author(s):  
Hyung Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Percutaneous Nephrostomy ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Shock Rate ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Surgical Approaches ◽  
Shockwave Lithotripsy ◽  
Extracorporeal Shockwave ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography

Some patients with urinary stones can be managed non-surgically through observation, medication, or extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL). Symptomatic urinary stones can initially be treated conservatively using analgesics and hydration. When uncontrolled pain or infection is present, immediate diversion via either percutaneous nephrostomy or ureteral stenting may be necessary. Medical expulsive therapy utilizing alpha-blocker may benefit a selected group of patients with stones larger than 5 mm. Oral or percutaneous chemolysis is a well-established non-invasive option with a reasonable success rate for patients with a certain component such as uric acid. When medical treatment is applied, its unintended side effects should be considered and routinely monitored. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy is a highly effective and safe modality in treating urinary stones when adequately indicated. In addition to the size and location of the stone, information obtained from non-enhanced computed tomography such as stone density, stone heterogenicity index, and stone-to-skin distance can be applied to predict the possibility of ESWL failure. Modifications in shock wave delivery by altering shock rate and voltage can improve shock wave efficacy. Urinary stones can be managed effectively and safely using non-surgical approaches.

scholarly journals Successful treatment of ureteric calculi with constitutional homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium clavatum: A Case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Akshaya Kumar Hati ◽  
Sasmita Rath ◽  
Chintamani Nayak ◽  
Induprava Raj ◽  
Amulya Ratna Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Successful Treatment ◽  
Stone Formation ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Ureteric Stone ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Lycopodium Clavatum ◽  
Treatment Of Urolithiasis

Introduction Formation of stone in the urinary tract, kidney, ureter and bladder is called as Urolithiasis. Formation of urinary stones is very common. About 5-15% population are affected with urinary stone, and, therefore, causes high morbidity in comparison to the above types of stone formation. Shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy along with conservative treatments are the most common approaches for the treatment of calculi, although considered as expressive in one hand, and on the other hand, such interventions may lead to complications. Therefore, alternative medicines give a second thought for the treatment of urolithiasis because it avoids surgical interventions. Here we present a case study for the successful treatment of urolithiasis by a homoeopathic medicine Lycopodium clavatum in a 43 years old male. Case Profile A 43-year-old male patient with intense pain in the right loin for 5-6 days, increased frequency of urination, ineffectual urination, severe pain during urination, and finally with the pain score was 9, was considered for treatment in the present study. Based on his complete case history, Lycopodium clavatum at potencies of 0/1 to 0/6 was prescribed to him. Conclusion Correct homoeopathic organ specific or constitutional formulation(s) selected based on specific important symptoms can also be efficacious in diseases such as ureteric stone. Constitutional medicine Lycopodium clavatum is usually prescribed when the patient is with right side pain with ureteric stone and it is justified in the present case report. Randomized control trial is suggested to ascertain the results obtained in the present study i.e. successful treatment of urolithiasis with the constitutional homeopathic formulation Lycopodium clavatum.

scholarly journals Effect of Aegle marmelos on the growth of brushite crystals

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Anushya ◽  
R. Mahesh ◽  
T. H. Freeda ◽  
R. Ramachandran ◽  
G. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Stone Formation ◽  
Peak Shift ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Urinary Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urinary Stones ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Aegle Marmelos

Abstract Background The urinary stone formation is a very common health problem due to the prolonged medication. Calcium Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrate (CaHPO4.2H2O, CHPD and Brushite) is one of the major constituent of urinary stone crystals. The formation and deposition of brushite crystals is the central cause of recurrent kidney stone disease among the global population. The present study aims to investigate the effect of Aegle marmelos leaves on the growth of brushite crystals to explicate the inhibitory effect of urinary stones from a different point of view. Methods The CHPD crystals were grown by the Single Diffusion Gel growth technique. In order to inhibit the formation of urinary stones, CHPD crystals are grown in the laboratory in the pure form and by adding the prolonged medicine A. marmelos taken especially by diabetic patients. A comparative study of the pure and A. marmelos leaves added crystals has been carried out using the Growth factor, Powder X-ray diffraction, Microstructural parameters, FTIR and SEM-EDAX. Results Total mass of the grown crystals is found to decrease with increasing concentrations of leaf extract of the A. marmelos. On comparing with undoped, crystalline size of the A. marmelos doped samples is reduced. Disappearance of absorption band and peak shift in the FTIR shows the incorporation of functional groups of A. marmelos. The morphology changes of the treated crystals are assessed in SEM. Conclusions The result shows that herbal extracts prepared from A. marmelos have good inhibitory effect on the growth of the brushite urinary stone crystals considered.

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