scholarly journals Variation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra from Wild Populations of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necdet Çamaş ◽  
Jolita Radušienė ◽  
Ali Kemal Ayan ◽  
Cüneyt Çırak ◽  
Valdimaras Janulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Contents

The present study was conducted to determine the variation in the content of hyperforin, hypericin and pseudohypericin in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra growing wild in four locations of Turkey. The aerial parts, representing a total of 30 individuals, were collected at full flowering and dissected into floral, leaf and stem tissues. After drying at room temperature, the plant materials were assayed for their chemical contents by HPLC. The populations varied significantly in chemical contents. Hyperforin content ranged from 0.05 to 0.56 mg/g, hypericin from 0.74–1.98 mg/g, and pseudohypericin from 0.72–2.26 mg/g, dry weight. Among the different plant parts, the flowers were found to be the principle organ for hyperforin accumulation, while hypericin and pseudohypericin were accumulated mainly in leaves. Such kinds of data could be useful for optimizing the processing methodology of wild-harvested plant material and phytochemical evaluation of H. triquetrifolium.

scholarly journals Secondary Metabolites ofHypericum leptophyllumHochst., an Endemic Turkish Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necdet Camas ◽  
Jolita Radusiene ◽  
Zydrunas Stanius ◽  
Omer Caliskan ◽  
Cuneyt Cirak
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorogenic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
First Time

In the present study, the presence of the phloroglucinol derivative hyperforin, the naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin, the phenylpropane chlorogenic acid and the flavonoids rutin, hyperoside, kaempferol, isoquercetine, quercitrine, and quercetine was investigated inHypericum leptophyllumHochst., an endemic Turkish species for the first time. The aerial parts representing a total of 30 individuals were collected at full flowering and dissected into floral, leaf, and stem tissues. After being dried at room temperature, the plant materials were assayed for secondary metabolite concentrations by HPLC. Aerial plant parts accumulated chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, isoquercetine, quercitrine, and quercetine, but they did not accumulate hyperforin, hypericin, pseudohypericin, rutin, and kaempferol. Accumulation levels of the detected compounds varied with plant tissues. Such kind of data could be useful for elucidation of the chemotaxonomical significance of the corresponding compounds and phytochemical evaluation of this endemic species.

scholarly journals Variability of Essential Oils of Betonica officinalis (Lamiaceae) from Different Wild Populations in Kosovo

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Hajdari ◽  
Behxhet Mustafa ◽  
Chlodwig Franz ◽  
Johannes Novak
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Germacrene D

The aerial parts and roots of Betonica officinalis were collected from three localities characterized by different ecological conditions to study the natural variability of the chemical composition of the essential oils in this plant. The leaves and inflorescences were collected during the flowering time, whereas the roots were collected at the end of the vegetative period. The plant material was dried at room temperature. The essential oils were obtained by micro-steam hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, 69 constituents were identified in all localities and plant parts. The main compositions of the leaves in all localities were α-pinene, 1-octen-3-ol, β-bourbonene, ( E)-caryophyllene and germacrene D. The essential oil of the inflorescences was characterized by these main constituents: α-pinene, ( E)-caryophyllene and trans-β-farnesene. In all localities, the percentages of α-pinene and ( E)-caryophyllene were higher in the inflorescences than in the leaves, whereas nonane was the main constituent in the roots.

Simultaneous Quantification of Ursolic and Oleanolic Acids in Glechoma hederacea and Glechoma hirsuta by UPLC/MS/MS

Planta Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Grabowska ◽  
Paweł Żmudzki ◽  
Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa ◽  
Irma Podolak
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ursolic Acid ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Simultaneous Quantification ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Glechoma Hederacea

AbstractThe content of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid was determined in different plant parts of two Glechoma species, G. hederacea and G. hirsuta. To achieve optimal extraction conditions of ursolic acid and oleanolic acid from plant material, several methods including maceration, heat reflux, Soxhlet, and ultrasonic extraction, as well as various solvents (methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate), were investigated and compared.For the simultaneous quantification of pentacyclic triterpenes in extracts from Glechoma sp., an UPLC-MS/MS was developed and validated. The method exhibited good linearity, precision, and recovery, and it also was simple, specific, and fast. We developed the method for future application in the quality control of plant materials and botanical extracts containing ursolic acid and oleanolic acid. With regard to the triterpene constituents, both G. hederacea and G. hirsuta can be used equally, and the aboveground parts of both species, but the leaves especially, are abundant sources of ursolic acid (7.1 – 7.5 mg/g dry weight [DW]). Dichloromethane as an extractant provided the best extraction efficiency as well as selectivity to obtain Glechoma extracts rich in triterpenes as compared to methanol and ethyl acetate, regardless of the particular extraction technique. Dry dichloromethane extracts from aerial parts of Glechoma sp. obtained by the heat reflux method resulted in products with a high content of UA (17 – 25% w/w) are considered to be convenient and rich sources of this compound.

Camptothecin yield and distribution within Camptotheca acuminata trees cultivated in Louisiana

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Liu ◽  
John Adams
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Camptotheca Acuminata ◽  
Plant Component ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Raw Plant Materials ◽  
Component Field

Camptotheca acuminata plantations were established in southern Louisiana in an effort to provide raw plant materials for deriving camptothecins, compounds having antitumor activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and camptothecin distribution within the trees. It was found that all plant parts contained camptothecins following 1 year of growth in the field. Branches, roots, and stems accumulated significantly higher concentrations of camptothecins than leaves. Bark was significantly higher in camptothecin concentration than wood. Younger and older tissues within a growing season were not significantly different in camptothecin concentrations. High correlation in camptothecin concentration was found between branch and stem, root and stem, and root and branch, whereas little correlation was observed between bark and wood, and leaf and any other plant component. Field-grown C. acuminata has the observed characteristic of multiple current-year branching. The proportion of bark in term of dry weight and dimension decreased as trees increased in diameter. Dried shoots (bulk) contained 0.042% camptothecin, and dried roots (bulk) contained 0.051% camptothecin. Keywords: Camptotheca acuminata, medicinal plants cultivation, camptothecin content, camptothecin distribution, biomass.

scholarly journals Extraction of flavonoids from garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage by ultrasonic and classical maceration

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Velickovic ◽  
Milena Nikolova ◽  
Stephanie Ivancheva ◽  
Jelena Stojanovic ◽  
Vlada Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ether ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Trimethyl Ether ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Extracting Solvent ◽  
Residual Plant

Flavonoids were analyzed in the extracts of garden (Salvia officinalis L.) and glutinous (Salvia glutinosa L.) sage. Ultrasonic extraction (20 minutes at 40?C) and classical maceration (6 h at room temperature) of the extractable substances from dried herbs and dried residual plant materials from which the essential oil had previously been removed by hydrodistillation were performed with petroleum ether, 70 % aqueous solution of ethanol and water. It was found that the extracts from both plants contained flavonoids, but their compositions were dependent of the plant species, the polarity of the extracting solvent and the extraction technique applied. Apigenin and its derivatives (e.g., apigenin 4'-methyl ether), scutellarein 6-methyl ether, isoscutellarein 8-methyl ether, luteolin and 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether where distinctive for S. officinalis. Apigenin, luteolin, 6-OH-luteolin-6-methyl ether, kaempherol 3-methyl ether, kaempherol 3,7-dimethyl ether, quercetin 3,7,3'-trimethyl ether and quercetin 3,7,3',4'-tetramethyl ether were distinctive for S. glutinosa. The flavonoids were also detected in considerable quantities in the plant material from which the essential oils had been already removed. Hence, this industrial waste plant material might be further used as a source of the flavonoids. .

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Micromorphological Characterization of Croatian Populations of Erodium cicutarium

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985625
Author(s):  
Vanja Ljoljić Bilić ◽  
Edith Stabentheiner ◽  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Renata Jurišić Grubešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Trichome Types

The aim of this study included the phytochemical screening of extracts and essential oil of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. ex Aiton (Geraniaceae), a native traditional medicinal plant from Croatia, as well as a highly detailed micromorphological characterization of its aerial parts. The contents of total polyphenols and tannins (TP and T), total flavonoids (TF), and total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) in plant extracts were quantified in plant material from 4 localities (Plitvice, Podvinje, Buzin, and Trešnjevka). The contents of TP, T, TF, and THD significantly varied depending on the collection site, and were in the range of 4.78%-12.85% (TP), 3.23%-5.80% (T), 0.42%-1.09% (TF), and 1.08%-2.59% (THD) of dry weight of plant material, with the Plitvice collection having the highest polyphenol content. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils showed a similarity in composition of the major compounds from all investigated populations. Fifty compounds were identified in all 4 investigated oils (90.4%-96.7% of total oil) and classified into 7 structural classes, with hydrocarbons (59.8%-65.7%) as the main class of constituents. Two types of trichomes, nonglandular and glandular, were observed on the calyces, leaves, and stems, including 3 capitate trichome types. The bioactive substances and micromorphological characterization of Croatian populations of E. cicutarium were investigated for the first time. In general, the scanning electron microscopy imaging of Erodium cicitarium trichomes has not been reported before.

Seasonal variation of gastroprotective terpenoids in Maytenus robusta (Celastraceae) quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID)

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tailyn Zermiani ◽  
Antonio A.S. Junior ◽  
Renê A. Ferreira ◽  
Theodoro M. Wagner ◽  
Marina S. Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Flame Ionization Detection ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Ionization Detection ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
External Standard

Abstract The triterpenes friedelin (1), β-friedelinol (2) and 3,15-dioxo-21α-hydroxyfriedelane (3) in the aerial parts of Maytenus robusta, a Brazilian medicinal plant with antiulcer potential, were seasonally quantified by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) using an external standard. The method was found to be linear, precise and sensitive. Compounds 1 and 2 were found in M. robusta leaves and branches, with highest concentrations in the leaves collected in autumn, i.e. 3.21 ± 0.16 and 12.60 ± 1.49 mg g−1 dry weight of 1 and 2, respectively. On the other hand, compound 3 was found only in the branches, with the highest concentrations in winter and autumn (0.21 ± 0.01 and 0.20 ± 0.02 mg g−1). The results allow to define the optimal season and plant parts for the collection of M. robusta as a phytotherapeutic drug.

A ALLELLOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF ZIZIPHUS MAURITIANAL. AGAINST TRITICUM AESTIVUML., ZEA MAYSL., CICER ARIETINUML.

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
TABASSUM YASEEN
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Associated Species

The present study was conducted to assess the allelopathic potential of Zizypusmauritiana against some crop species. Plant materials of Z.mauritiana were collected from Ahmad Abad District Karak and dried at room temperature (25-30˚C). Allelopathic studies conducted by using aqueous extracts from various parts including mature leaves, bark, fruit rain water and mulching in various experiments invariably retarded the germination, plumule, radical growth, fresh and dry weight of Trictium aestivm, Zea mays, and Cicer arietinum., used as a test species. The aqueous extracts obtained after 48 h were more inhibitory than 24h. Leaves were more toxic than fruit and bark. Rain water and mulching experiments also proved to be inhibitory. It is suggested that the various assayed parts of Z.muritianahave strong allelopathic potential at least against the tested species. Further investigation is required to see its allelopathic behavior under field condition against its associated species and to identify the toxic principle.

STUDIES ON METHODS AND MATERIALS FOR TESTING ALFALFA FOR RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL WILT

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. W. Cormack ◽  
R. W. Peake ◽  
R. K. Downey
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Hypodermic Injection ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Extensive Formation ◽  
Bare Root ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Several methods for inoculation of alfalfa with the bacterial wilt organism were compared in the greenhouse and field. The root-ball soak method, not previously described, proved particularly rapid and effective for greenhouse tests. All methods of root and crown inoculation tested gave good results, but spraying and other methods of stem inoculation were not dependable. In the field, the best results were obtained with bare-root soak inoculation before transplanting, and with hypodermic injection of the roots in the fall.Cultures of the bacterium of tested virulence and infected plant materials proved equally effective as inoculum, but the latter were more easily handled and stored. The organism remained highly viable in dried plant material stored for three years at room temperature, 5 °C, and −20 °C. The pulverized plant inoculum gave best results when soaked in water for 4 to 12 hours before use. It was gradually inactivated with longer periods of soak.Infection increased progressively with age in seedlings and rooted cuttings of Grimm alfalfa inoculated in the greenhouse at ages ranging from 3 to 10 weeks. Maximum susceptibility at 7 to 10 weeks of age was associated with the extensive formation of secondary tissues in the root and crown. The disease generally developed more rapidly in seedlings than in clonal material.

Identification of elite germplasm of medicinally important Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees with high content of four active diterpenoids in aerial parts from wild populations of eastern India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Bibhuti Bhusan Champati ◽  
Bhuban Mohan Padhiari ◽  
Asit Ray ◽  
Sudipta Jena ◽  
Ambika Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Export Demand ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Elite Germplasm

Abstract Andrographis paniculata is an Indian medicinal plant with tremendous therapeutic values due to the presence of active diterpenoids in its aerial parts. However, high domestic and export demand has led to overexploitation of wild populations of this species. With a view to bringing A. paniculata into cultivation and to reduce the pressure on wild populations, the present study was undertaken to identify elite germplasm from different locations of eastern India by analysing intraspecific variation in the content of four major active diterpenoids. A total of 166 wild accessions of A. paniculata analysed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed remarkable variation in the sum of four active diterpenoids in the aerial parts, ranging from 0.41 to 8.55% on a dry weight basis. Three elite accessions (AP-6, AP-8, AP-46) having respectively 8.02, 8.36 & 8.55% of the sum of four major active diterpenoids were identified. These germplasm could be used for commercial cultivation and genetic improvement of A. paniculata.

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