scholarly journals Phytochemical and Micromorphological Characterization of Croatian Populations of Erodium cicutarium

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985625
Author(s):  
Vanja Ljoljić Bilić ◽  
Edith Stabentheiner ◽  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Valerija Dunkić ◽  
Renata Jurišić Grubešić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Microscopy Imaging ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Total Oil ◽  
Trichome Types

The aim of this study included the phytochemical screening of extracts and essential oil of Erodium cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. ex Aiton (Geraniaceae), a native traditional medicinal plant from Croatia, as well as a highly detailed micromorphological characterization of its aerial parts. The contents of total polyphenols and tannins (TP and T), total flavonoids (TF), and total hydroxycinnamic derivatives (THD) in plant extracts were quantified in plant material from 4 localities (Plitvice, Podvinje, Buzin, and Trešnjevka). The contents of TP, T, TF, and THD significantly varied depending on the collection site, and were in the range of 4.78%-12.85% (TP), 3.23%-5.80% (T), 0.42%-1.09% (TF), and 1.08%-2.59% (THD) of dry weight of plant material, with the Plitvice collection having the highest polyphenol content. GC-MS analysis of the essential oils showed a similarity in composition of the major compounds from all investigated populations. Fifty compounds were identified in all 4 investigated oils (90.4%-96.7% of total oil) and classified into 7 structural classes, with hydrocarbons (59.8%-65.7%) as the main class of constituents. Two types of trichomes, nonglandular and glandular, were observed on the calyces, leaves, and stems, including 3 capitate trichome types. The bioactive substances and micromorphological characterization of Croatian populations of E. cicutarium were investigated for the first time. In general, the scanning electron microscopy imaging of Erodium cicitarium trichomes has not been reported before.

scholarly journals Two Distinct Essential Oil Bearing Races of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC from Kumaon Himalaya

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandan S. Chanotiya ◽  
Chandra S. Mathela
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Kumaon Himalaya ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Total Oil

The essential oil from the aerial parts of Tanacetum nubigenum Wallich ex DC collected from the Milam glacier moraine showed the presence of 73 compounds, of which 69, representing 87.9% of the total oil, have been identified, with bornyl acetate (39.7%), borneol (10.6%), ( E)-β-farnesene (6.6%) and 1,8-cineole (5.8%) as major constituents, while the oil from the plant material from the Pindari glacier area contained a total of 81 compounds, of which 77 have been identified. This oil was characterized by the presence of (3 R, 6 R)-linalool oxide acetate (69.4%), β-eudesmol (3.2%), selin-11-en-4α-ol (3.2%) and (3.2% and 1.2%, respectively) for compounds ( E) and ( Z)-2-(2,4-hexadiynylidene)-1,6-dioxospiro [4,4] non-3-ene, respectively. The major constituents of the essential oils from the aerial parts were separated and characterized by GC, GC/MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. The chemical differences between the two essential oils place them as distinct chemical races or chemotypes.

scholarly journals Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis of Incarvillea emodi (Royle ex Lindl.) Chatterjee and Malva neglecta (Wallr.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
M. Huzafa ◽  
Z. Jamal ◽  
A. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Confirmatory Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Positive Results

The present study was carried out to investigate the phytochemical profile of Incarvillea emodi and Malva neglecta. The two plants were screened for the presence of nine different classes of bioactive compounds. The qualitative tests were performed on the aerial and underground parts of the selected plants to relate the presence of phytochemicals with bioactivities of the plants. The selected plant material was extracted with three different solvents. These extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening and the presence of various phytochemicals was confirmed by different standard confirmatory tests. Most of the phytochemicals were found to be present. Results showed that the underground parts of Incarvillea emodi contain comparatively greater number of phytochemicals than the aerial parts. Whereas, in case of Malva neglecta the aerial parts showed more positive results than the underground parts. The current study offers proof for the presence of important bioactive compounds in the studied plants and recommends isolation and characterization of these compounds in the future.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of volatile oils of different parts of Satureja Bachtarica Bunge

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 678-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hadi Meshkatalsadat ◽  
Khadijeh Rabiei ◽  
Yaghub Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Satureja Bachtiarica ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Different Parts

In this study, essential oils from different organs of Satureja bachtiarica Bunge were obtained by hydro-distillation. Quality and quantity of chemical composition of essential oils were determined by capillary gas chromatography and using gas-chromatography and mass spectrometric detection. The numbers of compounds were identified in the essential oils of leaves; stem and aerial parts were 45, 39 and 35, respectively. Also, carvacrol was the main component found in essential oils from leaves (39.3%), stem (39.4%) and aerial parts (67.88%) of S. bachtiarica in flowering stage. In addition, results showed that there were some different in compositions of the essential oils of different parts of S. bachtiarica and there are some minor components in each oil that are not present in the others parts. In addition chemical analysis of essential oils obtained from leaves and stem of S. bachtiarica were rich in oxygenated monoterepens (55.64% and 67.53%) while oxygenated monoterepen (77.22%) were the main class of compounds in the essential oils from aerial parts of S. bachtiarica. Results of this study showed that the essential oils from different organs of S. bachtiarica have a potential to be used as a new carvacrol source in drug and food industries.

scholarly journals Variation of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra from Wild Populations of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Necdet Çamaş ◽  
Jolita Radušienė ◽  
Ali Kemal Ayan ◽  
Cüneyt Çırak ◽  
Valdimaras Janulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Bioactive Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chemical Contents

The present study was conducted to determine the variation in the content of hyperforin, hypericin and pseudohypericin in Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra growing wild in four locations of Turkey. The aerial parts, representing a total of 30 individuals, were collected at full flowering and dissected into floral, leaf and stem tissues. After drying at room temperature, the plant materials were assayed for their chemical contents by HPLC. The populations varied significantly in chemical contents. Hyperforin content ranged from 0.05 to 0.56 mg/g, hypericin from 0.74–1.98 mg/g, and pseudohypericin from 0.72–2.26 mg/g, dry weight. Among the different plant parts, the flowers were found to be the principle organ for hyperforin accumulation, while hypericin and pseudohypericin were accumulated mainly in leaves. Such kinds of data could be useful for optimizing the processing methodology of wild-harvested plant material and phytochemical evaluation of H. triquetrifolium.

Characterization of frozen hydrated biological specimens by low-loss EELS

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1572-1573
Author(s):  
Songquan Sun ◽  
Richard D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Subcellular Compartment ◽  
Differential Shrinkage ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

Analyses of ultrathin cryosections are generally performed after freeze-drying because the presence of water renders the specimens highly susceptible to radiation damage. The water content of a subcellular compartment is an important quantity that must be known, for example, to convert the dry weight concentrations of ions to the physiologically more relevant molar concentrations. Water content can be determined indirectly from dark-field mass measurements provided that there is no differential shrinkage between compartments and that there exists a suitable internal standard. The potential advantage of a more direct method for measuring water has led us to explore the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) for characterizing biological specimens in their frozen hydrated state.We have obtained preliminary EELS measurements from pure amorphous ice and from cryosectioned frozen protein solutions. The specimens were cryotransfered into a VG-HB501 field-emission STEM equipped with a 666 Gatan parallel-detection spectrometer and analyzed at approximately −160 C.

scholarly journals An Insight into Kiwiberry Leaf Valorization: Phenolic Composition, Bioactivity and Health Benefits

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2314
Author(s):  
Ana Margarida Silva ◽  
Diana Pinto ◽  
Iva Fernandes ◽  
Victor de Freitas ◽  
María de la Luz Cádiz-Gurrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phenolic Profile ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Caffeoylquinic Acids ◽  
Solar Exposure ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

During kiwiberry production, different by-products are generated, including leaves that are removed to increase the fruit’s solar exposure. The aim of this work was to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf by employing microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Compatible food solvents (water and ethanol) were employed. The alcoholic extract contained the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents (629.48 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per gram of plant material on dry weight (dw) (GAE/g dw) and 136.81 mg of catechin equivalents per gram of plant material on dw (CAE/g dw), respectively). Oppositely, the hydroalcoholic extract achieved the highest antioxidant activity and scavenging activity against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (IC50 = 29.10 μg/mL for O2•−, IC50 = 1.87 μg/mL for HOCl and IC50 = 1.18 μg/mL for •NO). The phenolic profile showed the presence of caffeoylquinic acids, proanthocyanidin, and quercetin in all samples. However, caffeoylquinic acids and quercetin were detected in higher amounts in the alcoholic extract, while proanthocyanidins were prevalent in the hydroalcoholic extract. No adverse effects were observed on Caco-2 viability, while the highest concentration (1000 µg/mL) of hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extracts conducted to a decrease of HT29-MTX viability. These results highlight the MAE potentialities to extract bioactive compounds from kiwiberry leaf.

scholarly journals Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Hemostasis by Flavonoids from Lentil Aerial Parts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Jerzy Żuchowski ◽  
Agata Rolnik ◽  
Weronika Adach ◽  
Anna Stochmal ◽  
Beata Olas
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Phenolic Fraction ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Scientific Attention

While specific metabolites of lentil (Lens culinaris L.) seeds and their biological activity have been well described, other organs of this plant have attracted little scientific attention. In recent years, green parts of lentils have been shown to contain diverse acylated flavonoids. This work presents the results of the research on the effect of the crude extract, the phenolic fraction, and seven flavonoids obtained from aerial parts of lentils on oxidative damage induced by H2O2/Fe to lipid and protein constituents of human plasma. Another goal was to determine their effect on hemostasis parameters of human plasma in vitro. Most of the purified lentil flavonoids had antioxidant and anticoagulant properties. The crude extract and the phenolic fraction of lentil aerial parts showed antioxidant activity, only at the highest tested concentration (50 μg/mL). Our results indicate that aerial parts of lentils may be recommended as a source of bioactive substances.

scholarly journals Stem Lettuce and Its Metabolites: Does the Variety Make Any Difference?

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Janusz Malarz ◽  
Klaudia Michalska ◽  
Anna Stojakowska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Nmr Analysis ◽  
Caffeic Acid Derivatives ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Dpph Scavenging Activity ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The objective of the present study was to characterize chemical composition of hitherto unexamined aerial parts of Lactuca sativa var. angustana cv. Grüner Stern. In contrast to leafy and head varieties of the lettuces, asparagus lettuce grown in Europe is much less studied. Fractionation of a methanolic extract from leaves of L. sativa cv. Grüner Stern, supported with HPLC/DAD and 1H NMR analysis, led to the isolation and/or identification of numerous terpenoid and phenolic compounds, including five apocarotenoids—(-)-loliolide, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, blumenol A, (6S,9S)-vomifoliol, and corchoionoside C; three sesquiterpene lactones; two lignans—((+)-syringaresinol and its 4-O-β-glucoside); five caffeic acid derivatives; and three flavonoids. Some of the compounds, to the best of our knowledge, have never been isolated from L. sativa before. Moreover, monolignols, phenolic acids and a tryptophan-derived alkaloid were found in the analyzed plant material. Stems, leaves and shoot tips of the asparagus lettuce were examined to assess their phenolics and sesquiterpene lactone content as well as DPPH scavenging activity. Another stem lettuce—L. sativa var. angustana cv. Karola, two cultivars of leafy lettuces and one species of wild lettuce—L. serriola, were also examined as a reference material using HPLC/DAD. The results have been discussed regarding our previous studies and the literature data available.

scholarly journals  New menthone type of Mentha pulegium L. volatile oil from northwest Iran

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Hassanpouraghdam ◽  
A.B. Akhgari ◽  
M.A. Aazami ◽  
J. Emarat-Pardaz
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Mentha Pulegium ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Northwest Iran ◽  
A Minor

The constituents of the volatile oil of air-dried aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. (Lamiaceae) plants wildly growing in Northwest Iran were analysed by GC/MS. 46 components were identified, comprising 96.6% of the essential oil. Monoterpenes (78.9%) were the main class of the identified components followed by a minor proportion of sesqui-<br />terpenes (11%). Oxygenated monoterpenes (75.3%) were the major subclass of volatile oil components with menthone (38.7%), menthol (11.3%), neomenthol (10.5%), and pulegone (6.8%) as major compounds. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (10.6%) were the highlighted subclass of 15 carbons sesquiterpenoidal compounds with (E)-caryophyllene (4.9%) and &beta;-cubebene (2.5%) as their principle representatives. Furthermore, menthyl acetate (C<sub>12</sub> acetylated monoterpene derived compound) was contained considerable amounts (5.2%) in the essential oil. In total, volatile oil composition of M. pulegium L. plants studied in the present experiment was characterised as a new menthone type with appreciable amounts of menthol and neomenthol, and it could be used as a potential source of these high value monoterpenes in pharmaceutical and food industries.

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