scholarly journals Enzyme-Mediated Synthesis of Sesquiterpenes

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Serra
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

This review article focuses mainly on the scientific developments concerning the enzyme-mediated synthesis of sesquiterpenes which have been reported in the academic and patent literature during the last twenty years. Nevertheless, this is not a comprehensive description of every single biotransformation involving sesquiterpenes. Only synthetic approaches that have represented a new and innovative perspective from a scientific standpoint are reported. More specifically, the review describes in depth how the use of metabolic engineering of the microbial biotransformations and of the isolated enzymes were exploited in order to perform chemo- and stereoselective chemical transformations of interest for sesquiterpenes synthesis.

Thioethers: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M İhsan Han ◽  
Ş. Güniz Küçükgüzel
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Cancer Disease ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
New Class ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Patent Literature

: Spreading rapidly in recent years, cancer has become the cause of one of the highest mortality rates after cardiovascular diseases. The reason for cancer development is still not clearly understood despite enormous research activities in this area. Scientists are now working on the biology of cancer, especially on the root cause of cancer development. The aim is to treat the cancer disease, and thus cure the patients. The continuing efforts on the development of novel molecules as potential anti-cancer agents are essential for this purpose. The main aim of this review was to present a survey on the medicinal chemistry of thioethers and to provide practical data on their cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines. The research articles published between 2001-2020 were consulted in the preparation of this review article, though patent literature was not included here. The thioether-containing heterocyclic compounds may emerge as a new class of potent and effective anti-cancer agents soon.

Water-swellable elastomers: synthesis, properties and applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo M. Polgar ◽  
Francesca Fallani ◽  
Juul Cuijpers ◽  
Patrizio Raffa ◽  
Antonius A. Broekhuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Hydrophobic Materials ◽  
Academic Researchers ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Swelling Characteristics ◽  
Patent Literature ◽  
Difficult Challenge ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
New Applications

Abstract Water-swellable elastomers (WSE) constitute a class of rubbery materials that have been widely studied both in academia and industry during the last 25 years. Market pull is the major driver for the exploration of these materials. The need of WSE in several sealing applications has driven the attention of many academic researchers toward the possibility to provide a rubber with water-swelling characteristics. As commercial rubbers are hydrophobic materials, making them swell in water presents an interesting and difficult challenge. This paper reviews the scientific and patent literature on the fundamental aspects of WSE: the various synthetic approaches, the properties of the corresponding polymers (not only the swelling performance but also the mechanical behavior), and some of their applications. Particular attention is paid to the chemical structure/performance relationships of WSE. Finally, the authors speculate on a great future for WSE that can be rationally designed for improved and/or new applications.

scholarly journals MC1R gene variants involvement in human OCA phenotype

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Saleha ◽  
Taj Ali Khan ◽  
Shaista Zafar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Oculocutaneous Albinism ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Melanin Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
Mc1r Gene ◽  
Sequence Variations

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetic disorder of melanin synthesis that results in hypopigmentation in hair, skin and eyes. OCA has been reported in individuals from all ethnic backgrounds but it is more common among those with Europeans ancestry. OCA is heterogeneous group of disorders and seven types of OCA are caused by mutations in TYR (OCA1), OCA2 (OCA2), TYRP1 (OCA3), SLC45A2 (OCA4), SLC24A5 (OCA6) and C10oRF11 (OCA7) genes. However, MC1R gene variants have been reported that modify OCA2 phenotype but the knowledge about the function ofMC1R gene in melanogenesis, and genotype-phenotype association, in case of OCA, is limited. In this review article we present a comprehensive description of classification of OCA, role of MSH-R in melanin synthesis, the sequence variations in MC1R and their association with OCA. This review will enhance our understanding of MC1R gene variants involved in human OCA2 phenotype.

scholarly journals Porous Coordination Polymers (PCPs): New Platforms for Gas Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra Sánchez-Serratos ◽  
José Raziel Álvarez ◽  
Eduardo González-Zamora ◽  
Ilich A. Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Coordination Polymers ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Structural Description ◽  
Porous Coordination Polymers ◽  
Crucial Issue ◽  
Comprehensive Description

This review article presents the fundamental and practical aspects of porous coordination polymers (PCPs). A comprehensive description of PCPs, a crucial issue in order to identify the applications in which PCPs are promising candidates, is discussed here. By considering a non-exhaustive yet representative set of PCPs, the structural description, dimensionality, synthesis and characterisation of these materials is presented. Particularly, gas storage in PCPs is highlighted among many applications for these frameworks structures.

Synthetic Approaches of Pyrazolyl Quinolines

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizk E. Khidre ◽  
Ibrahim Ali M. Radini ◽  
Diaa A. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Pyrazole Ring ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Quinoline Derivatives ◽  
Quinoline Ring ◽  
Transport Inhibitors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

This review article represents a survey of the synthetic strategies leading to pyrazolyl quinolines. The synthetic methods are divided into two main groups based on the type of starting reagents: 1) From quinoline ring onto a pyrazole scaffold, 2) From pyrazole ring onto a quinoline scaffold. Also, some medical applications of pyrazolyl quinoline derivatives are mentioned such as anticancer, cell proliferative disorder, glucose transport inhibitors, anti-inflammatory, and inhibitors of leukotriene production for the treatment of cardiovascular. The main purpose of this review is to present a survey of the literature on the synthetic approaches of pyrazolyl quinolines and provide useful and up-to-date data for organic and medicinal chemist since such compound has not been previously reviewed.

scholarly journals Homolytic substitution at phosphorus for C–P bond formation in organic synthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1269-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Yorimitsu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Chemistry ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Carbon Centered Radical ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Homolytic Substitution

Organophosphorus compounds are important in organic chemistry. This review article covers emerging, powerful synthetic approaches to organophosphorus compounds by homolytic substitution at phosphorus with a carbon-centered radical. Phosphination reagents include diphosphines, chalcogenophosphines and stannylphosphines, which bear a weak P–heteroatom bond for homolysis. This article deals with two transformations, radical phosphination by addition across unsaturated C–C bonds and substitution of organic halides.

scholarly journals Recent Advances on the Halo- and Cyano-Trifluoromethylation of Alkenes and Alkynes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7221
Author(s):  
Bo Fu ◽  
Jorge Escorihuela ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Santos Fustero ◽  
Pablo Barrio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Trifluoromethyl Group ◽  
Simultaneous Addition ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Made In

Incorporation of fluorine into organic molecules is a well-established strategy in the design of advanced materials, agrochemicals, and pharmaceuticals. Among numerous modern synthetic approaches, functionalization of unsaturated bonds with simultaneous addition of trifluoromethyl group along with other substituents is currently one of the most attractive methods undergoing wide-ranging development. In this review article, we discuss the most significant contributions made in this area during the last decade (2012−2021). The reactions reviewed in this work include chloro-, bromo-, iodo-, fluoro- and cyano-trifluoromethylation of alkenes and alkynes.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis and metabolic engineering of pseudo-oligosaccharides

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah R. Alanzi ◽  
Ananiya A. Demessie ◽  
Taifo Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Fermentation Conditions ◽  
Chemical Structures

Pseudo-oligosaccharides are microbial-derived secondary metabolites whose chemical structures contain pseudosugars (glycomimetics). Owing to their high resemblance to the molecules of life (carbohydrates), most pseudo-oligosaccharides show significant biological activities. Some of them have been used as drugs to treat human and plant diseases. Because of their significant economic value, efforts have been put into understanding their biosynthesis, optimizing their fermentation conditions, and engineering their metabolic pathways to obtain better production yields. Many unusual enzymes participating in diverse biosynthetic pathways to pseudo-oligosaccharides have been reported. Various methods and conditions to improve the production yields of the target compounds and eliminate byproducts have also been developed. This review article describes recent studies on the biosynthesis, fermentation optimization, and metabolic engineering of high-value pseudo-oligosaccharides.

scholarly journals Synthetic approaches to bowl-shaped π-conjugated sumanene and its congeners

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 2212-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Alvi ◽  
Rashid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Crystal Packing ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Facial Selectivity ◽  
Sanskrit Word ◽  
Phenyl Rings ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Near Future

Since the first synthetic report in 2003 by Sakurai et al., sumanene (derived from the Indian ‘Hindi as well as Sanskrit word’ “Suman”, which means “Sunflower”), a beautifully simple yet much effective bowl-shaped C 3-symmetric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having three benzylic positions clipped between three phenyl rings in the triphenylene framework has attracted a tremendous attention of researchers worldwide. Therefore, since its first successful synthesis, a variety of functionalized sumanenes as well as heterosumanenes have been developed because of their unique physiochemical properties. For example, bowl-to-bowl inversion, bowl depth, facial selectivity, crystal packing, metal complexes, intermolecular charge transfer systems, cation–π complexation, electron conductivity, optical properties and so on. Keeping the importance of this beautiful scaffold in mind, we compiled all the synthetic routes available for the construction of sumanene and its heteroatom derivatives including Mehta’s first unsuccessful effort up to the latest achievements. Our major goal to write this review article was to provide a quick summary of where the field has been, where it stands at present, and where it might be going in near future. Although several reviews have been published on sumanene chemistry dealing with different aspects but this is the first report that comprehensively describes the ‘all-in-one’ chemistry of the sumanene architecture since its invention to till date. We feel that this attractive review article will definitely help the scientific community working not only in the area of organic synthesis but also in materials science and technology.

Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Pyrimidine Heterocycles: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1055-1096
Author(s):  
Pradip Kumar Maji
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Heterocyclic Ring ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

Pyrimidine heterocycles are proven to be biologically active heterocycles, found in many biological systems, displaying a broad spectrum of biological activities including anticancer, anxiolytic, antioxidant, antiviral, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antidepressant and antibacterial activities. Recently, various synthetic approaches, synthetic strategy, the variation of substrates and study devoted towards the evaluation of biological activities for the pyrimidine heterocycles have been reported in the literature. This review article describes the synthesis of various biologically interesting pyrimidine heterocyclic ring systems using various nitrogen building blocks.

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