scholarly journals Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Adenostyles alliariae and A. glabra from the Austrian Alps

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000
Author(s):  
Remigius Chizzola
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Austrian Alps ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Alkaloid Fraction ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Alkaloid Contents

The alkaloid content of Adenostyles alliariae and A. glabra (Asteraceae) has been evaluated. Both species contain toxic macrocyclic unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids with seneciphylline as the main compound accounting for more than 90% of the alkaloid fraction in all above ground plant parts. Further alkaloids were spartioidine, acetyl-senciphylline and senecionine. Inflorescences showed the highest alkaloid contents with 21.1 and 13.4 mg/g in A. alliariae and A. glabra, respectively. Stems and leaves had 2–3 times lower contents. Therefore, these Adenostyles species must be considered as highly toxic plants.

Alkaloids of Adenocarpus hispanicus (Lam.) DC Varieties

1992 ◽  
Vol 47 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Veen ◽  
Roland Greinwald ◽  
Paloma Cantó ◽  
Ludger Witte ◽  
F.-C. Czygan
Keyword(s):  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Quinolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Capillary Gc ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Alkaloid Extracts ◽  
Sensitive Method

Alkaloid extracts from different organs of Adenocarpus hispanicus ssp. hispanicus and Adenocarpus hispanicus ssp. gredensis were analyzed by capillary GC. Twenty-four compounds could be identified by the high sensitive method of GLC-MS: the pyrrolizidine alkaloids decorticasine, N-acetylnorloline and N-butyrylnorloline, the bipiperidyl alkaloid ammodendrine, the phenylethylamine tyramine and 19 quinolizidine alkaloids. In contrast to Adenocarpus complicatus, Adenocarpus foliolosus and Adenocarpus viscosus the alkaloid pattern of Adenocarpus hispanicus is characterized by the occurrence of quinolizidine alkaloids with sparteine predominating in the leaves and numerous dehydroderivatives of sparteine. Remarkable is the total absence of adenocarpine which was described as a main compound of the three former species. Our results strongly support the opinion that the genus Adenocarpus should be divided into two phytochemical groups.

Ratio of plant to soil concentrations of strontium-85 and its relation to properties of Greek soils

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
C. G. Apostolakis ◽  
V. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
P. Kritidis
Keyword(s):  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Cation Exchange Capacity ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Edible Parts

SUMMARYPlant:soil ratios (CRs) of 85Sr concentration were studied in wheat, lucerne, lettuce, radish, string bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), and cucumber grown in pots in eight Greek soil types in a glasshouse pot experiment in 1989.The CRs of the crops and of the plant parts studied differed according to soil type. They ranged from 0·034–1·39 for wheat grains to 7·6–36·5 for cucumber stems and leaves. The CRs of the edible parts were much lower than those of the other plant material.The correlation between CRs and clay content was negative and, in most cases, significant (P = 0·05–0·01) or highly significant (P < 0·01). The negative correlation improved (higher absolute value of r, lower variability) if clay plus silt content or cation exchange capacity was used instead of clay content.The correlation between CRs and soil properties was greatest for soil pH (r = –0·89) and decreased in the order: pH > total clay plus silt ≃ cation exchange capacity > total clay.

scholarly journals Survival of Botrytis cinerea as mycelium in rose crop debris and as sclerotia in soil

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 516-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alderi E Araújo ◽  
Luiz A Maffia ◽  
Eduardo S. G Mizubuti ◽  
Acelino C Alfenas ◽  
Guy de Capdeville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Rosa Hybrida ◽  
Inoculum Sources ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Important Disease

Botrytis blight caused by Botrytis cinerea is an important disease of rose (Rosa hybrida) grown in greenhouses in Brazil. As little is known regarding the disease epidemiology under greenhouse conditions, pathogen survival in crop debris and as sclerotia was evaluated. Polyethylene bags with petals, leaves, or stem sections artificially infected with B. cinerea were mixed with crop debris in rose beds, in a commercial plastic greenhouse. High percentage of plant parts with sporulation was detected until 60 days, then sporulation decreased on petals after 120 days, and sharply decreased on stems or leaves after 90 days. Sporulation on petals continued for 360 days, but was not observed on stems after 150 days or leaves after 240 days. Although the fungus survived longer on petals, stems and leaves are also important inoculum sources because high amounts of both are deposited on beds during cultivation. Survival of sclerotia produced on PDA was also quantified. Sclerotia germination was greater than 75% in the initial 210 days and 50% until 360 days. Sclerotia weight gradually declined but they remained viable for 360 days. Sclerotia were produced on the buried petals, mainly after 90 days of burial, but not on leaves or stems. Germination of these sclerotia gradually decreased after 120 days, but lasted until 360 days. Higher weight loss and lower viability were observed on sclerotia produced on petals than on sclerotia produced in vitro

scholarly journals PHYTOREMEDIATION OF HEAVY METALS BY THE DOMINANT MANGROVE ASSOCIATE SPECIES OF INDIAN SUNDARBANS

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-402
Author(s):  
Pritam Mukherjee ◽  
Prosenjit Pramanick ◽  
Sufia Zaman ◽  
Abhijit Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Salicornia Brachiata ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Vegetative Plant ◽  
Suaeda Maritima ◽  
Indian Sundarbans ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Associate Species ◽  
Mangrove Associate

The present study aims to investigate the phytoremediation potential of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) by two dominant mangrove associate species, Suaeda maritima, and Salicornia brachiata, found in the high saline supralittoral zone of Indian Sundarbans in four stations of the Hooghly-Matla estuarine complex during the premonsoon season (May 2019). We found that concentrations of biologically available heavy metals (HMs) in the ambient soil and bioaccumulated HMs within the vegetative plant parts occurred as per the order: Sagar South > Bakkhali > Jharkhali > Bali Island. The order of biologically available and bioaccumulated HMs was Zn > Cu > Pb. Interestingly, the selected HMs display high organ-specificity for both species with the highest enrichment in roots, followed by stems and leaves. We propose that these halophytes could be used as agents of phytoremediation and their farming would be effective in the ecorestoration of this deltaic complex in context to conservative pollutants.

scholarly journals Composition of the Essential Oils from Anthriscus cerefolium var. trichocarpa and A. caucalis Growing Wild in the Urban Area of Vienna (Austria)

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600
Author(s):  
Remigius Chizzola
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
Plant Parts

The composition of the essential oil from the different above ground plant parts of Anthriscus cerefolium and A. caucalis collected in the urban area of Vienna has been studied. The essential oils of A. cerefolium were dominated by estragole (= methylchavicol) and 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene, occurring in various proportions. The oils from young flowering plants had more estragole than 1-allyl-2,4-dimethoxybenzene. Fruits from one location reached 95% estragole in the essential oil. In A. caucalis, the main compound of all oils was cis-chrysanthenyl acetate (up to 74%) followed by cis-chrysanthenol (up to 16%). The fruit oils displayed a higher proportion of cis-chrysanthenyl acetate than the leaf or stem oils.

scholarly journals Variability of phenolic and alkaloid content in different plant parts of Carissa edulis Vahl and Zanthoxylum chalybeum Engl.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ssali Nantongo ◽  
Juventine Boaz Odoi ◽  
Grace Abigaba ◽  
Samson Gwali
Keyword(s):  
Alkaloid Content ◽  
Plant Parts

scholarly journals Morphology, anatomy and ecology of critically endangered endemic Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. (Iridaceae) in North-West Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezahat Kandemir
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Population Status ◽  
North West ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
The North ◽  
Anatomical Characters ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Bulbous Plant

Morphology, anatomy and ecology of endemic species Crocus pestalozzae Boiss. (Iridaceae), have been investigated during flowering period in early spring. The bulbous plant grows in moist heath, meadowland and rocky areas in the North-West of Turkey. Morphological properties of plant parts have been described in detail. Transverse sections of roots, stems and leaves have been illustrated and the anatomical characters of arms, keel, papillae, mesophyll and vascular bundles of leaf have been described. Population status of the plant has also been determined.   Key words: Crocus pestalozzae Boiss.; Endemic; Morphology; Anatomy; Ecology; Turkey   DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v38i2.5136 Bangladesh J. Bot. 38(2): 127-132, 2009 (December)  

scholarly journals Occurrence of Nine Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Senecio vulgaris L. Depending on Developmental Stage and Season

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Flade ◽  
Heidrun Beschow ◽  
Monika Wensch-Dorendorf ◽  
Andreas Plescher ◽  
Wim Wätjen
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Senecio Vulgaris ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Noxious Weed

The contamination of phytopharmaceuticals and herbal teas with toxic plants is an increasing problem. Senecio vulgaris L. is a particularly noxious weed in agricultural and horticultural crops due to its content of toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). Since some of these compounds are carcinogenic, the distribution of this plant should be monitored. The amount of PAs in S. vulgaris is affected by various factors. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence of PAs depending on the developmental stage and season. A systematic study using field-plot experiments (four seasons, five developmental stages of the plants: S1 to S5) was performed and the PA concentration was determined via LC-MS/MS analysis. The total amount of PAs in the plant increased with the plant development, however, the total PA concentrations in µg/g dry matter remained nearly unchanged, whilst trends for specific PAs were observed. The concentrations of PA-N-oxides (PANOs) were much higher than that of tertiary PAs. Maximal amounts of the PA total were 54.16 ± 4.38 mg/plant (spring, S5). The total amount of PAs increased strongly until later developmental stages. Therefore, even small numbers of S. vulgaris may become sufficient for relevant contaminations set out by the maximal permitted daily intake levels recommended by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

scholarly journals Volutella leaf blight and stem canker on Japanese pachysandra in the Czech Republic

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Šafránková
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
The United States ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Stems And Leaves ◽  
Serious Disease

Woody ornamental cover plants of Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> S. et Z.) are planted in parks and gardens in the Czech Republic. A serious disease of these plants is Volutella leaf blight and stem canker caused by the fungus <i>Pseudonectria pachysandricola</i> (anamorph <i>Volutella pachysandricola</i>). It was described by DODGE (1944) in the United States and appeared in Europe in the 1980s. Volutella pachysandricola was isolated from Japanese pachysandra (<i>P. terminalis</i> cvs. Green Carpet and Variegata) from leaf spots and stem and stolon cankers in Brno in 2000&minus;2003. The tan or brown spots with brown margins, often with concentric zones, develop on infected leaves. Stem and stolon cankers appear as water-soaked diseased areas, the stem often turns brown, shrivels and girdles. The infection often begins in damaged or senescent plant parts and spreads into the healthy tissues. Pink-orange sporodochia with spores form on newly killed stems and leaves during humid spring and summer periods. Ascospores develop in red-orange perithecia on the same tissues.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document