Voices from the Street: What Homeless Youth Think We Need to Know

2021 ◽  
pp. 193672442110425
Author(s):  
Marilyn Dyck ◽  
Jill Leslie Rosenbaum ◽  
Kaitlin O’Grady
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Program Improvement ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Program Staff

While social scientists have attempted to become informed about the needs and realities of marginalized youth, rarely do they include their voices in these discussions. Yet, research suggests that listening to young people results in the development of more successful programming. The authors examined 30 years of youth writing to understand what program participants think they need. Focusing on youth experiencing homelessness narratives regarding “leaving the street,” the article identifies three themes to guide government officials and program staff in program improvement: (1) the process of becoming ready to leave street life, (2) the factors that cause setbacks to occur, and (3) the recognition of young people’s need for independence and concerns that impact program effectiveness. Finally, using their words, we present suggestions for policy changes perceived to be most beneficial.

Corruption

2019 ◽  
pp. 603-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toke Aidt
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Preferential Treatment ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Special Means ◽  
Cross Country

Corruption, understood as a special means by which private agents may seek to pursue their interest in competition for preferential treatment by government officials or politicians and where the “means” are valued by the recipient, is viewed by most social scientists as a major obstacle to economic, political, and social development and a source of inefficiency. This chapter presents a framework and taxonomy for the study of corruption. Within this framework, corruption is conceptualized as a particular instance of the more general social phenomena we call influence-seeking activities. The chapter provides an overview of theoretical models of corruption, summarizes cross-country evidence on the causes and consequences of corruption, and evaluates the recent literature on laboratory, field, and quasi-natural experiments.

scholarly journals Impacts of Faith-Based Lifestyle Interventions on Congregational-Level Nutrition and Physical Activity Environment and Policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 300-300
Author(s):  
Summer Wilmoth ◽  
Leah Carrillo ◽  
Elana Martinez ◽  
Raymundo Mendoza Mendoza ◽  
Lauren Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Objectives Hispanics are disproportionally affected by obesity, cancer, and other obesity-related chronic diseases. Building a Healthy Temple (BHT) was a multi-component, faith-based lifestyle intervention implemented in 27 low-income, predominately-Hispanic congregations in San Antonio, TX between 2012 and 2017. One aim of BHT was to assess program effectiveness at improving health-conducive church environment/policy and sustainability of these improvements at follow-up. Methods A key macro-level program component of BHT was the formation of a Health Ministry Committee to initiate church-wide health-conducive environment/policy changes. The Congregational Health Index (CHI) was used to assess church nutrition (17 items) and physical activity (PA, 5 items) environment/policy at baseline, end of program, and follow-up (6 months or more post-intervention). Data were expressed as % of the maximum scores. Friedman test and post hoc analysis were performed with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and significance of pairwise comparisons, adjusted with Bonferroni correction. Results Eighteen churches completed all 3 CHI assessments. Percentage of total nutrition and PA environment/policy scores for baseline, end of program, and follow-up were 38% (35–45), 64% (53–75), and 69% (64–77), respectively. Post hoc analysis shows significant improvements in nutrition and PA environment/policy scores at end of program (Z = –3.73, P < 0.001) and follow-up (Z = –3.73, P < 0.001) as compared to baseline, as well as significantly higher scores at follow-up compared to end of program (Z = –3.18, P = 0.001). Conclusions Study findings reveal the importance of utilizing congregation-wide macro-level interventions to create health-conducive enviroment/policy changes to facilitate and sustain healthy lifestyle changes in predominately-Hispanic faith community settings. Funding Sources Baptist Health Foundation San Antonio & Cancer Prevention Research Institute of Texas.

scholarly journals A Combined Impact-Process Evaluation of a Program Promoting Active Transport to School: Understanding the Factors That Shaped Program Effectiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Crawford ◽  
J. Garrard
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Program Staff ◽  
Impact Process

This mixed methods study was a comprehensive impact-process evaluation of the Ride2School program in metropolitan and regional areas in Victoria, Australia. The program aimed to promote transport to school for primary school children. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected at baseline and followup from two primary schools involved in the pilot phase of the program and two matched comparison schools, and a further 13 primary schools that participated in the implementation phase of the program. Classroom surveys, structured and unstructured observations, and interviews with Ride2School program staff were used to evaluate the pilot program. For the 13 schools in the second phase of the program, parents and students completed questionnaires at baseline (N= 889) and followup (N= 761). Based on the quantitative data, there was little evidence of an overall increase in active transport to school across participating schools, although impacts varied among individual schools. Qualitative data in the form of observations, interviews, and focus group discussions with students, school staff, and program staff provided insight into the reasons for variable program impacts. This paper highlights the benefits of undertaking a mixed methods approach to evaluating active transport to school programs that enables both measurement and understanding of program impacts.

scholarly journals Mind the gap between the policy announcements and implementation: The Youth Contract and Jobcentre Plus advisers' role as careers educators for 18–24-year olds

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Cagliesi ◽  
Denise Hawkes
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Made In ◽  
Careers Education

Access to careers education for young people has been in decline under the Conservative–Liberal Democrat Coalition Government due to changes in regulations and funding. Therefore it has become vital to deliver the commitments made in the Youth Contract to provide careers advice through Jobcentre Plus advisers. At the same time, other policy changes have put Jobcentre Plus advisers increasingly in the role of benefit enforcers. This paper explores how these two roles interact with each other and influence the experience of young people trying to access careers advice. We propose a framework that would encourage the development of a Jobcentre Plus fit for the purpose of the Youth Contract.

scholarly journals TILBAGE TIL GADEN: Børn og unges liv på gaden i Nairobi

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malene Molding
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Pull Factors ◽  
Street Life ◽  
Push Factors ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Political Economic

Malene Molding: Back to the Street: Young People Living in the Streets of Nairobi The article deals with people who live and work on the streets of Nairobi, Kenya. It is based on fieldwork conducted in 1995-1996 by the author, who at that time was working at a rehabilitation centre for Street giris. The article aims to identify pull-factors, i.e. factors which, to young people, make Street life appear as an attractive alternative to other apparently desirable lifestyles. Thus, it differs in focus from other studies aiming to identify and explain so-called push factors, i.e. factors such as political, economic or social conditions that initially cause young people to choose to leave home and take to the streets. Inspired by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, the author regards Street life as a lifestyle that unfolds in a social field characterised by specific codes of conduct and competitive social positions of symbolic Capital. By introducing the concept of “Street life expertise” and discussing its linkage to motivation and identification, the author argues that Street life appears attractive to people who have established social com- children’s bodily experiences, are shown to be in conflict with the children’s perspectives.

scholarly journals STUDYING YOUTH ONLINE POLITICAL EXPRESSION: EMPIRICAL FINDINGS AND METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Schofield Clark ◽  
Ioana Literat ◽  
Neta Kligler-Vilenchik ◽  
Ashley Lee ◽  
Ellen Middaugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Internet Research ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Political Expression ◽  
Cross Platform

We are living through a highly politicized time, with deep divisions foregrounding the significance and importance of political expression and dialogue. Youth have been at the forefront of these important conversations, in both academic research and in the popular press. On the one hand, we are seeing a resurgence of activism and engagement among youth (Bond, Chenoweth & Pressman 2018; Deal 2019), who are using online platforms to express themselves politically in rich and creative ways (Graef 2016; Jenkins et al., 2016). On the other hand, deep concerns have emerged about “some of the darker sides of networked media engagement” (boyd, 2017, n.p.), including the spread of misinformation, increased polarization and politically motivated bullying among youth (Rogers, 2017). If we see youth as active agents in their own political socialization (Youniss, McLellan & Yates, 1997), the ways they actively express and negotiate their civic identities online (Jenkins et al., 2016) offer rich possibilities for understanding how we can best support them as civic actors. The research presented in this panel aims to move beyond a simplified depiction of youth as either idealized political role models (e.g. Greta Thunberg or the Parkland Youth) or, conversely, as apathetic and politically disengaged. In light of the conference theme exploring what it means to have a Life mediated by the internet, we place emergent and senior scholars studying youth and online political expression in dialogue with one another to discuss both findings and particular considerations brought up by internet research (franzke et al., 2020), and especially internet research involving youth (Livingstone & Third, 2017). By encouraging researchers and audience members to reflect on the epistemological, ethical, and practical aspects of their own research, we aim to identify new questions for further study as we seek to understand the evolution of youth and online political expression. The first presentation reviews findings from a cross-platform study utilizing a mixed methods approach to explore youth online political expression and cross-cutting political talk on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube. These presenters discuss their findings in relation to the challenges and opportunities they encountered when identifying and analyzing youth-generated cross-platform data. The second presentation highlights findings from a social discourse analysis of Twitter and Reddit threads on youth-centric issues of immigration (DACA) and environmental issues (plastic pollution) to identify how the intersection of issue, platform and aims of discourse shape the characteristics of online civic discourse. This presenter discusses the challenges she encountered when creating both a codebook and coding scheme for data analysis. The third presentation considers the role of gender and intersectional identity in online humorous political expression through a case study of a U.S. Black Muslim teen’s TikTok posts. This presenter discusses the challenges of placing critical technocultural discourse analysis into dialogue with digital media literacy and youth participatory action research endeavors. The fourth presentation highlights findings emerging from a series of ethnographic interviews with young people in a comparative study exploring online youth political expression in democratic and non-democratic contexts. This presenter discusses challenges of qualitative research when working with young people, especially marginalized youth, who utilize hidden forms of expression to engage in politics. Finally, our respondent will invite audience members into the discussion by offering a reflection on the four presentations and asking session attendees to comment on their own research experiences and larger implications they see for the study of youth political expression online.

scholarly journals O Papel da Recreação e do Lazer na Inclusão Social de Adolescentes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Virgilio Abrahão Junior ◽  
Julia Alejandra Pezuk
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

Resumo Atualmente no Brasil é possível observar uma parcela da população jovens, principalmente nas classes sociais mais baixas, sujeitos a situações que acarretam maior susceptibilidade para se envolver com drogas, prostituição, crimes, gravidez e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis. Diversos fatores psicossociais são necessários para que os adolescentes passem pela adolescência sem a necessidade deste tipo de envolvimentos. A recreação e o lazer podem ser usados como instrumento para facilitar a inclusão social e ao mercado de trabalho de jovens marginalizados. O impacto emocional positivo do uso da recreação e do lazer favorece o bem-estar e auxilia na inclusão social de adolescentes, e possibilitam o uso dessas ferramentas para serem explorados em eventos e atividades recreativas. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a importância do desenvolvimento de projetos sobre recreação e o lazer para a inclusão social de jovens. Para isso é relatada a experiência com o Programa Social realizado na cidade de Guarulhos/SP intitulado Programa Oportunidade ao Jovem, que busca a qualificação profissional dos jovens da cidade que se encontram em situação de risco e pobreza, e que estão em geral excluídos da sociedade. Mostramos aqui que a inclusão social por meio de programas sociais usando atividades recreativas facilita a inserção social de jovens marginalizados e devem ser consideradas nas políticas públicas. Pois ainda permitem que adolescentes em situação econômica precária tenham a possibilidade de exercer uma profissão na área de recreação ao término dos cursos dos programas, impactando significativamente na vida desses jovens.   Palavras-chave: Programa Social. Agente de Recreação. Políticas Públicas.   Abstract In Brazil it is possible to observe a portion of the young population, mainly in the lower social classes, who are subject to situations that cause greater susceptibility to get involved with drugs, prostitution, crimes, pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Several psychosocial factors are necessary for adolescents to go through adolescence without the need for this type of involvement. Recreation can be used as an instrument to facilitate social inclusion and the labor market for marginalized youth. The positive emotional impact of recreation favors well-being and assists in the social inclusion of adolescents and enables the use of these tools to be explored in events and recreational activities. In this context, this paper aims to show the importance of developing projects on recreation for the social inclusion of young people. For this, the experience with the Social Program carried out in the city of Guarulhos / SP entitled Programa Oportunidade ao Jovem, which seeks the professional qualification of young people in the city who are at risk and poverty, and who are in general excluded from society, is reported. We show here that social inclusion through social programs using recreational activities facilitates the social insertion of marginalized youth and should be considered in public policies. Because they still allow adolescents in a precarious economic situation to have the possibility of exercising a profession in the area of recreation at the end of the program courses, significantly impacting the lives of these young people   Keywords: Social Program. Recreation Agent. Public Policy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Positive Youth Development Program for Adolescents with Greater Psychosocial Needs: Integrated Views of Program Implementers

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1890-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. L. Shek ◽  
Cecilia M. S. Ma ◽  
Rachel C. F. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Program Improvement ◽  
Outcome Evaluation ◽  
School Social Workers ◽  
Tier 2 ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Youth Development Program

To help adolescents with greater psychosocial needs, the Tier 2 Program of the Project P.A.T.H.S. (Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programmes) was designed and implemented by school social workers and teachers. Based on subjective outcome evaluation data collected from the program participants (n = 2,542) in 49 schools, program implementers were invited to write down five conclusions based on an integration of the evaluation findings. With reference to 245 conclusions included in the 49 evaluation reports, secondary data analyses showed that most of the conclusions concerning perceptions of the Tier 2 Program, instructors, and program effectiveness were positive. In addition, difficulties encountered and recommendations for program improvement were highlighted. In conjunction with previous evaluation findings, the present study suggests that the Tier 2 Program was well received and was perceived to be beneficial to the development of adolescents with greater psychosocial needs.

scholarly journals Developing a text messaging-based smoking cessation intervention for young smokers experiencing homelessness

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Joan S. Tucker ◽  
Sebastian Linnemayr ◽  
Eric R. Pedersen ◽  
William G. Shadel ◽  
Rushil Zutshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Young People ◽  
Text Messaging ◽  
Homeless Youth ◽  
Cessation Intervention ◽  
Qualitative Feedback ◽  
Quitting Smoking ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
Future Evaluation ◽  
Text Messaging Intervention

AbstractIntroductionCigarette smoking is highly prevalent among young people experiencing homelessness, and many of these smokers are motivated to quit. However, there is a lack of readily available cessation services for this population, which is highly mobile and can be challenging to engage in services.AimsWe describe the development of a smoking cessation text messaging intervention (TMI) for homeless youth who are interested in quitting smoking.MethodsParticipants were 18–25 years old and recruited from drop-in centers serving homeless youth. Three focus groups (N = 18) were conducted with smokers to refine the TMI content, and a separate sample of smokers (N = 8) provided feedback on the TMI after using it for 1 week. Survey data assessed the TMI's acceptability and feasibility.ResultsParticipants generally rated the TMI as helpful and relevant, and nearly all had cell phone plans that included unlimited texting and were able to view TMI content with few difficulties. Qualitative feedback on strengths/limitations of the TMI in terms of content, tone, and delivery parameters was used to finalize the TMI for a future evaluation.ConclusionsResults suggest that a TMI is a feasible and acceptable option for young people experiencing homelessness who are interested in quitting smoking.

scholarly journals Systematic Review of Ambulatory Transitional Care Management (TCM) Visits on Hospital 30-Day Readmission Rates

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Roper ◽  
Jonathan Ballard ◽  
Wade Rankin ◽  
Roberto Cardarelli
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Program Effectiveness ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Program Improvement ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Readmission Rates ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
The Us

To reduce readmission rates and prevent adverse outcomes after discharge, hospitals have begun implementing “transitional care” initiatives. This systematic review identifies research on the particular set of services now reimbursable by Medicare (transitional care management [TCM]) and evaluates the studies for program effectiveness. Results of 3 databases were screened for peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2004 and 2015 that report on readmissions of adults in the US health care system under the Medicare TCM bundle. ClinicalTrials.gov was queried for funded studies. Of 969 identified studies, 77 met inclusion criteria for relevance to transitional care and appropriateness of population and setting. Of these, only 3 articles incorporated all required elements for TCM service. Although 2 were program improvement designs and none were randomized controlled studies, each report reduced readmission rates. Evidence for TCM effectiveness is limited. Additional study of TCM implementation and programmatic support for TCM is warranted.

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