The Impact of Previous Athletic Experience on Current Physical Fitness in Former Collegiate Athletes and Noncollegiate Athletes

Background: Physical activity performed at moderate intensity is associated with reduced risk of mortality, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and some types of cancers. However, vigorous physical activity during participation in college athletics may increase the risk of injury, which might limit future physical activity levels. Purpose: To evaluate differences in current physical fitness levels between former Division I athletes and noncollegiate athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The sample was recruited from a large midwestern university alumni database and consisted of 2 cohorts: (1) former Division I athletes (n = 100; mean age, 53.1 ± 7.4 years) and (2) nonathletes who were active in college (n = 100; age, 51.4 ± 7.3 years). Individuals answered a demographics questionnaire and completed a physical fitness assessment consisting of 7 measures: percent body fat, 1-mile walk, sit-to-stand test, push-up, half sit-up test, sit and reach test, and back scratch test. Results: Performance was significantly worse for former Division I athletes compared with nonathletes for percent body fat (mean difference, 7.58%; F(1, 198) = 59.91; P < 0.01), mile time (mean difference, 2.42 minutes; F(1, 198) = 1.74; P = 0.03), sit-to-stand test (mean difference, 4.3 repetitions; F(1, 198) = 6.59; P = 0.01), and push-up test (mean difference, 8.9 repetitions; F(1, 198) = 7.35; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Former Division I athletes may be limited because of previous injury, inhibiting their ability to stay active later in life. Clinical Relevance: It is imperative that clinicians, coaches, and strength and conditioning specialists understand the possible future repercussions from competing at the Division I level.

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Relationship between Smartphone Use Time, Sitting Time, and Fitness Level in University Students

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/ksep.2020.29.2.170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 170-177

Author(s):

Jun-Il Yoo ◽

Jinkyung Cho ◽

Kyung-Wan Baek ◽

Min-Ho Kim ◽

Ji-Seok Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

University Students ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Smartphone Use

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of smartphone use time, sitting time, and fitness level in university students.METHODS: The participants of this study were 237 healthy university students (157 males and 80 females) enrolled from 2017 to 2018. The smartphone use time was divided into three groups: 0-4, ≥4-10, and ≥10 hours, as was the sitting time: 0-4, 4-7, and ≥7 hours. Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the smartphone use time and sitting time for having low levels of fitness.RESULTS: There were linear decreases in physical fitness levels across incremental smartphone use time and sitting time. Compared to the smartphone use time for 0-4 hours (reference), smartphone use time for the ≥4-10 hours (OR=2.498; 95% CI=1.007-6.197; p=.048) or the 10≥group (OR=3.516; 95% CI=1.228-10.064; p=.019) had significantly higher ORs of having lower fitness even after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity and percent body fat. Likewise, logistic regression analyses showed that those who had sitting time for ≥7 hours (OR=3.135; 95% CI=1.155-8.512; p=.025) had significantly higher ORs of having lower fitness even after adjustments for age, sex, physical activity, and percent body fat, as compared with those who had sitting time for 0-<4 hours.CONCLUSIONS: The current finding suggest that the smartphone using time and sitting time were associated with having the risk of lower level of physical fitness in university students.

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Relationship between Smartphone Use Time, Sitting Time, and Fitness Level in University Students

Exercise Science ◽

10.15857/es.2020.29.2.170 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 170-177

Author(s):

Jun-Il Yoo ◽

Jinkyung Cho ◽

Kyung-Wan Baek ◽

Min-Ho Kim ◽

Ji-Seok Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

University Students ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Smartphone Use

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Validity of muscular fitness self-assessments in the ecofit smartphone application (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.34658 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Jansson ◽

David Lubans ◽

Mitch Duncan ◽

Jordan Smith ◽

Adrian Bauman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

The Self ◽

Muscular Fitness ◽

Stand Test ◽

Face To Face ◽

Physical Activity Interventions ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Self Assessments ◽

Push Up

BACKGROUND Mobile health apps that promote physical activity are being developed at a rapid rate. App-based interventions have the potential for wide reach and therefore, may be a useful tool in up-scaling physical activity interventions. In larger scale interventions, face-to-face assessments are less cost effective, and researchers often rely on surveys or built-in activity trackers to assess ongoing efficacy/effectiveness of outcomes. While there are valid means of assessing aerobic activity via smartphone apps, there is limited evidence of valid muscular fitness assessments that can be self-administered within mHealth. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the concurrent validity of upper and lower body muscular fitness that have been independently assessed by participants via the ecofit app, and face-to-face assessments conducted by a trained researcher. METHODS This study compared baseline data from the ecofit two-armed randomised controlled trial and self-assessed data collected via the ecofit smartphone app. As part of baseline assessment in a larger community-based physical activity intervention ‘ecofit’, participants undertook the validated 90-degree push-up and the 60-second sit-to-stand test face-to-face with a trained researcher. Those allocated to the intervention group received access to the ecofit app and were instructed to complete the self-assessed fitness tests within 14-days of receiving access to the app. To assess the concurrent validity, the self-assessed push-up and sit-to-stand tests were correlated using Spearman’s correlation coefficient against the research-assessed results. Bland-Altman plots were also used to allow visualisation of the differences between the self- and research-assessed tests. RESULTS Fifty-four participants completed at least one of the two muscular fitness self-assessments within 14-days of receiving the app, of these 24.1% and 100% completed the push-up and the sit-to-stand test respectively. The results found a strong significant correlation for the push-up test (0.83, p <.001) and a moderate significant correlation for the sit-to-stand test (0.63, p <.001). CONCLUSIONS This study provides support for the concurrent validity of self-reported upper and lower body muscular fitness assessments (i.e., the push-up and sit-to-stand tests) in mHealth. While these tests may be a feasible option for large scale physical activity interventions, more research is needed to determine the generalisability of these results. CLINICALTRIAL The ecofit trial is registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12619000868189.

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The Study of Health-Related Fitness Normative Scores for Nepalese Older Adults

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17082723 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (8) ◽

pp. 2723

Author(s):

Jung Kyu Kim ◽

Won Il Son ◽

Ye Jung Sim ◽

Ju Sung Lee ◽

Kamala Oli Saud

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Grip Strength ◽

Body Fat ◽

Age Groups ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Female Age ◽

Fitness Evaluation ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Health Related

Physical fitness tests are important to maintain and promote the health status of people. The purpose of this study was to develop health-related fitness evaluation norms according to the age and gender of Nepalese older adults. One thousand nine subjects (449 males, 560 females) above 60 years, residing in 19 wards (rural and urban) of Dhangadhi Sub-Metropolitan City participated in this study. The test included the PAR-Q (Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire), social aspects questionnaire, blood pressure test, height, weight, BMI (body mass index), percent body fat, and four physical fitness components (grip strength, 1-minute sit-to-stand, sit and reach, and 2-minute step tests). Mean, SD, and fitness evaluation norms for each component were obtained after the main test and statistical analyses. This study showed higher BMI and percent body fat in female age groups than in male age groups. Grip strength, relative grip strength, sit-to-stand, and 2-minute steps scores were better in male age groups than in female age groups, but in contrast, flexibility was better in female age groups. This study may help the related sectors to assess physical fitness, identify fitness levels, and develop appropriate physical activities or exercise programs for older adults based on age.

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Physical Activity, Fitness, and Physical Self-Concept in Adolescent Females

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.18.2.240 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 240-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Genevieve Fridlund Dunton ◽

Margaret Schneider ◽

Dan J. Graham ◽

Dan M. Cooper

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Adolescent Females ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Self Concept ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Percent Body Fat

Cross-sectional research examined whether physical activity or physical fitness was more closely linked to physical self-concept in adolescent females ages 14 to 17 (N = 103, 63% Caucasian). Moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity were measured through a 3-day physical activity recall. Physical fitness was assessed using highly accurate measures of peak oxygen consumption (via cycle ergometer) and percent body fat (via dual X-ray absorptiometer). The Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) assessed self-concept in 11 domains (e.g., health, endurance, appearance). Pearson’s correlations showed that vigorous physical activity was positively associated with scores on most of the PSDQ scales (p < .005). Peak oxygen consumption was positively related to all of the selfconcept domains (p < .001), and percent body fat was negatively related on most of the PSDQ scales (p < .005). Multiple-regression analyses found that physical fitness (i.e., peak oxygen consumption and percent body fat) was more closely related to physical self-concept than was physical activity. In addition to the possibility that genetically determined fitness levels may influence physical selfconcept, these findings suggest that programs designed to elevate self-perceptions may require physical activity levels sufficient to improve cardiovascular fitness and decrease body fat.

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Effectiveness of Text Messaging as an Incentive to Maintain Physical Activity after Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126645 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6645

Author(s):

Giulia Foccardi ◽

Marco Vecchiato ◽

Daniel Neunhaeuserer ◽

Michele Mezzaro ◽

Giulia Quinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cardiac Rehabilitation ◽

Exercise Testing ◽

Text Messages ◽

Control Group ◽

Stand Test ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Sit To Stand ◽

Significant Difference

Although the efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is proven, the need to improve patients’ adherence has emerged. There are only a few studies that have investigated the effect of sending text messages after a CR period to stimulate subjects’ ongoing engagement in regular physical activity (PA). A randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted after CR, sending a daily PA text message reminder to an intervention group (IG), which was compared with a usual care control group (CG) during three months of follow-up. Thirty-two subjects were assessed pre- and post-study intervention with GPAQ, submaximal iso-watt exercise testing, a 30 s sit-to-stand test, a bilateral arm curl test, and a final survey on a seven-point Likert scale. A statistically significant difference in the increase of moderate PA time (Δ 244.7 (95% CI 189.1, 300.4) minutes, p < 0.001) and in the reduction of sedentary behavior time (Δ −77.5 (95% CI 104.9, −50.1) minutes, p = 0.004) was shown when the IG was compared with the CG. This was associated with an improvement in heart rate, blood pressure, and patients’ Borg rating on the category ratio scale 10 (CR10) in iso-watt exercise testing (all p < 0.05). Furthermore, only the IG did not show a worsening of the strength parameters in the follow-up leading to a change of the 30 s sit-to-stand test with a difference of +2.2 (95% CI 1.23, 3.17) repetitions compared to CG (p = 0.03). The telemedical intervention has been appreciated by the IG, whose willingness to continue with regular PA emerged to be superior compared to the CG. Text messages are an effective and inexpensive adjuvant after phase 2 CR that improves adherence to regular PA. Further studies are needed to confirm these results in a larger patient population and in the long term.

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Physical Fitness of Trained Runners with and without Mild Mental Retardation

Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly ◽

10.1123/apaq.16.2.126 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 126-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Georgia C. Frey ◽

Jeffrey A. McCubbin ◽

Steve Hannigan-Downs ◽

Susan L Kasser ◽

Steven O. Skaggs

Keyword(s):

Mental Retardation ◽

Physical Fitness ◽

Body Fat ◽

Knee Flexion ◽

Peak Torque ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Mild Mental Retardation ◽

Lower Back ◽

Hamstring Flexibility ◽

Trained Runners

The purpose of this study was to compare physical fitness levels of trained runners with mild mental retardation (MMR) (7 males and 2 females, age = 28.7 ± 7.4 years, weight = 67.0 ± 11.7 kg) and those without (7 males and 2 females, age = 29.1 ± 7.5, weight = 68.7 ± 8.8 kg). Paired t tests revealed no differences between runners with and without MMR on measures of V̇O2peak (56.3 ± 9.1 vs. 57.7 ± 4.1 ml · kg-1 · min-1), percent body fat (16.6 ± 8.4 vs. 16.6 ± 3.1), and lower back/hamstring flexibility (33.1 ± 10.9 vs. 28.6 ± 10.1 cm). Knee flexion (KF) and extension (KE) strength were significantly greater in runners without MMR compared to those with MMR (KF peak torque = 65.7 ±7.9 vs. 48.7 ± 15.7 ft/lb; KE peak torque = 138.5 ± 17.7 vs. 104.4 ± 29.9 ft/lb). It was concluded that trained runners with MMR can achieve high levels of physical fitness comparable to individuals without MMR.

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Health-Related Quality of Life in Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Collegiate Athletes Compared With Noncollegiate Athletes: A 5-Year Follow-Up

Journal of Athletic Training ◽

10.4085/1062-6050-0107.20 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Janet E. Simon ◽

Mallory Lorence ◽

Carrie L. Docherty

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Physical Function ◽

National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽

Division I ◽

Related Quality ◽

Health Related ◽

Division I Athletes

Context The effect of athletic participation on lifelong health among elite athletes has received increasing attention, as sport-related injuries can have a substantial influence on long-term health. Objective To determine the current health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes compared with noncollegiate athletes 5 years after an initial assessment. Design Cohort study. Setting Online survey. Patients or Other Participants From the former Division I athletes, 193 responses were received (response rate = 83.2%; 128 men, 65 women; age = 58.47 ± 6.17 years), and from the noncollegiate athletes, 169 surveys were returned (response rate = 75.1%; 80 men, 89 women; age = 58.44 ± 7.28 years). Main Outcome Measure(s) The independent variables were time (baseline, 5 years later) and group (former Division I athlete, noncollegiate athlete). Participants completed 7 Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System scales: sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, fatigue, pain interference, physical function, and satisfaction with participation in social roles. Results Sleep disturbance, depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function were significant for a time × group interaction (P < .05), with the largest differences seen in pain and physical function between groups at time point 2 (22.19 and 13.99 points, respectively). Former Division I athletes had worse scores for depression, fatigue, pain, and physical function at follow-up (P < .05), with the largest differences seen on the depression, fatigue, and physical function scales (8.33, 6.23, and 6.61 points, respectively). Conclusions Because of the competitive nature of sport, the long-term risks of diminished HRQoL need to become a priority for health care providers and athletes during their athletic careers. Additionally, physical activity transition programs need to be explored to help senior student-athletes transition from highly structured and competitive collegiate athletics to lifestyle physical activity, as it appears that individuals in the noncollegiate athlete cohort engaged in more physical activity, weighed less, and had increased HRQoL.

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HUBUNGAN KONSUMSI ASAM LEMAK OMEGA-3, AKTIVITAS FISIK DAN PERSEN LEMAK TUBUH DENGAN TINGKAT DISMENORE PADA REMAJA

Journal of Nutrition College ◽

10.14710/jnc.v6i4.18249 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 268

Author(s):

Famimah Famimah ◽

Ani Margawati ◽

Deny Yudi Fitranti

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Body Fat ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Numerical Rating Scale ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Dysmenorrhea or menstrual pain was a gynecological complaint due to an imbalance of progesterone in the blood resulting in pain. A woman with dysmenorrhea should consume food rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as fish oil, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, herring), soybeans and fruits. Low fish consumption was related with severity of dysmenorrhea. In addition, physical activity and percent body fat were also associated with severity of dysmenorrhea.Objective : To determine the correlation between consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, physical activity and percent body fat to the classification of dysmenorrhea in adolescents.Methods : Cross sectional study of 90 adolescentsselected by purposive sampling. This research was conducted in SMA N 15 and SMA N 9 Semarang. Menstrual history was measured by direct interviews and level of dysmenorrhea was measured using Numerical Rating Scale Questionnaire. Omega-3 fatty acids were measured using Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and analyzed using a nutritional software program. Physical activity was measured using A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies. Percent body fat was measured using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Data were analyzed by Independent T test/Mann Whitney. Result : There were significant correlation in omega-3 fatty acid (p= 0,015), and percent body fat (p= 0,026). While in physical activity there was no significant correlation (p= 0,394).Conclusion : Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and percent body fat were associated with the classification of dysmenorrhea.

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Abstract MP028: Physical Activity Relates to Lower Visceral Adiposity in Children and Adolescents

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.125.suppl_10.amp028 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda E Staiano ◽

Stephanie T Broyles ◽

Alok K Gupta ◽

Peter T Katzmarzyk

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Body Fat ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Regular Physical Activity ◽

Self Report ◽

Percent Body Fat ◽

Lower Body ◽

Body Fat Percent

Introduction: Expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) associates with adverse metabolic changes. While regular moderate-to-vigorous activity is associated with lower total body fat in children and adolescents, it is unknown how physical activity relates to other adiposity indices, including VAT. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that regular physical activity in children and adolescents associates with lower body fat, percent body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT. Methods: The sample included 393 boys and girls aged 5–18 years (45.6% White, 50.6% African American, and 3.8% Other). Body fat and percent body fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Abdominal SAT and VAT mass were measured by magnetic resonance imaging between the highest point of the liver and the lower pole of the right kidney (using 5 to 8 cross-sectional slices, 4.76 cm apart). Participants were categorized as being regularly active by self-report: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of ≥ 60 minutes/day, ≥ 4 days/week. Those who were physically active fewer than 4 days/week were categorized as not regularly active. Results: In this sample of children and adolescents, 45.6% of participants were regularly active. One-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age and sex demonstrated that regularly active youth had significantly less body fat (p<0.01) and lower percent body fat (p<0.01) than those who were not regularly active. One-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age, gender, and body fat, revealed that regularly active children and adolescents had no difference in SAT but had significantly lower amounts of VAT (p<0.05) when compared to those who were not regularly active. Conclusion: Engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 60 minutes on four or more days of the week in children and adolescents was related to lower body fat, percent body fat and VAT, when compared to those youth who were less active. The promotion of regular physical activity has significant public health implications for body fat accumulation and for controlling excess VAT during childhood and adolescence.

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