scholarly journals Dietary compounds as potential modulators of microRNA expression in psoriasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204062231986480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Kocic ◽  
Giovanni Damiani ◽  
Bojana Stamenkovic ◽  
Michael Tirant ◽  
Andrija Jovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Methyl Donors ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
The Impact

Nutrigenomic DNA reprogramming in different chronic diseases and cancer has been assessed through the stimulation of gene expression and mRNA synthesis versus DNA silencing by CpG DNA modification (methylation); histone modification (acetylation, methylation) and expression of small noncoding RNAs, known as microRNAs (miRNAs). With regard to the specific nutrigenomic effects in psoriasis, the influence of specific diets on inflammatory cell signaling transcriptional factors such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB and Wnt signaling pathways, on disease-related specific cytokine expression, pro/antioxidant balance, keratinocyte proliferation/apoptosis and on proliferation/differentiation ratio have been documented; however, the influence of dietary compounds on the balance between ‘good and bad’ miRNA expression has not been considered. This review aims to summarize knowledge about aberrant microRNAs expression in psoriasis and to emphasize the potential impact of some dietary compounds on endogenous miRNA synthesis in experimental conditions in vivo and in vitro. Among the aberrantly expressed miRNAs in psoriasis, one of the most prominently upregulated seems to be miR-21. The beneficial effects of phenolic compounds (curcumin and resveratrol), vitamin D, methyl donors, and omega-3 fatty acids (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) are discussed. Highly expressed miR-155 has been downregulated by flavonoids (through a quercetin-rich diet) and by vitamin D. Quercetin has been effective in modulating miR-146a. On the other hand, downregulated miR-125b expression was restored by vitamin D, Coenzyme Q10 and by microelement selenium. In conclusion, the miRNA profile, together with other ‘omics’, may constitute a multifaceted approach to explore the impact of diet on psoriasis prevention and treatment.

Factors affecting in vitro and in vivo antioxidant effects. Experimental conditions and nature of oxidants determine antioxidant efficacy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki
Keyword(s):  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Multiple Oxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.

scholarly journals The potential of microdialysis to estimate rifampicin concentrations in the lung of guinea pigs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245922
Author(s):  
Faye Lanni ◽  
Neil Burton ◽  
Debbie Harris ◽  
Susan Fotheringham ◽  
Simon Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Optimised pre-clinical models are required for TB drug development to better predict the pharmacokinetics of anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs to shorten the time taken for novel drugs and combinations to be approved for clinical trial. Microdialysis can be used to measure unbound drug concentrations in awake freely moving animals in order to describe the pharmacokinetics of drugs in the organs as a continuous sampling technique. The aim of this work was to develop and optimise the microdialysis methodology in guinea pigs to better understand the pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in the lung. In vitro experiments were performed before progressing into in vivo studies because the recovery (concentration of the drug in the tissue fluid related to that in the collected dialysate) of rifampicin was dependent on a variety of experimental conditions. Mass spectrometry of the dialysate was used to determine the impact of flow rate, perfusion fluid and the molecular weight cut-off and membrane length of probes on the recovery of rifampicin at physiologically relevant concentrations. Following determination of probe efficiency and identification of a correlation between rifampicin concentrations in the lung and skeletal muscle, experiments were conducted to measure rifampicin in the sacrospinalis of guinea pigs using microdialysis. Lung concentrations of rifampicin were estimated from the rifampicin concentrations measured in the sacrospinalis. These studies suggest the potential usefulness of the microdialysis methodology to determine drug concentrations of selected anti-TB drugs to support new TB drug development.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplement Enriched in Antioxidants and Omega-3 Promotes Glutamine Synthesis in Müller Cells: A Key Process against Oxidative Stress in Retina

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3216
Author(s):  
Maryvonne Ardourel ◽  
Chloé Felgerolle ◽  
Arnaud Pâris ◽  
Niyazi Acar ◽  
Khaoula Ramchani Ben Othman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Müller Cells ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Glutamine Metabolism ◽  
Muller Cells ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Glutamine Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

To prevent ocular pathologies, new generation of dietary supplements have been commercially available. They consist of nutritional supplement mixing components known to provide antioxidative properties, such as unsaturated fatty acid, resveratrol or flavonoids. However, to date, only one preclinical study has evaluated the impact of a mixture mainly composed of those components (Nutrof Total®) on the retina and demonstrated that in vivo supplementation prevents the retina from structural and functional injuries induced by light. Considering the crucial role played by the glial Müller cells in the retina, particularly to regulate the glutamate cycle to prevent damage in oxidative stress conditions, we questioned the impact of this ocular supplement on the glutamate metabolic cycle. To this end, various molecular aspects associated with the glutamate/glutamine metabolism cycle in Müller cells were investigated on primary Müller cells cultures incubated, or not, with the commercially mix supplement before being subjected, or not, to oxidative conditions. Our results demonstrated that in vitro supplementation provides guidance of the glutamate/glutamine cycle in favor of glutamine synthesis. These results suggest that glutamine synthesis is a crucial cellular process of retinal protection against oxidative damages and could be a key step in the previous in vivo beneficial results provided by the dietary supplementation.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit the Function of Human URAT1, a Renal Urate Re-Absorber

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Yu Toyoda ◽  
Tappei Takada ◽  
Hiroshi Hirata ◽  
Ami Ota-Kontani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
Transport Assay ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effects of fatty acids (FAs) on human health have attracted widespread interest. However, little is known about the impact of FAs on the handling of urate, the end-product of human purine metabolism, in the body. Increased serum urate levels occur in hyperuricemia, a disease that can lead to gout. In humans, urate filtered by the glomerulus of the kidney is majorly re-absorbed from primary urine into the blood via the urate transporter 1 (URAT1)-mediated pathway. URAT1 inhibition, thus, contributes to decreasing serum urate concentration by increasing net renal urate excretion. Here, we investigated the URAT1-inhibitory effects of 25 FAs that are commonly contained in foods or produced in the body. For this purpose, we conducted an in vitro transport assay using cells transiently expressing URAT1. Our results showed that unsaturated FAs, especially long-chain unsaturated FAs, inhibited URAT1 more strongly than saturated FAs. Among the tested unsaturated FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid exhibited substantial URAT1-inhibitory activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 6.0, 14.2, and 15.2 μM, respectively. Although further studies are required to investigate whether the ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs can be employed as uricosuric agents, our findings further confirm FAs as nutritionally important substances influencing human health.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammaging Ability of Prune (Prunus Spinosa L.) Extract Result in Improved Wound Healing Efficacy

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 374
Author(s):  
Sofia Coppari ◽  
Mariastella Colomba ◽  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Vanessa Brinkmann ◽  
Margherita Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prunus Spinosa

Prunus spinosa L. fruit (PSF) ethanol extract, showing a peculiar content of biologically active molecules (polyphenols), was investigated for its wound healing capacity, a typical feature that declines during aging and is negatively affected by the persistence of inflammation and oxidative stress. To this aim, first, PSF anti-inflammatory properties were tested on young and senescent LPS-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). As a result, PSF treatment increased miR-146a and decreased IRAK-1 and IL-6 expression levels. In addition, the PSF antioxidant effect was validated in vitro with DPPH assay and confirmed by in vivo treatments in C. elegans. Our findings showed beneficial effects on worms’ lifespan and healthspan with positive outcomes on longevity markers (i.e., miR-124 upregulation and miR-39 downregulation) as well. The PSF effect on wound healing was tested using the same cells and experimental conditions employed to investigate PSF antioxidant and anti-inflammaging ability. PSF treatment resulted in a significant improvement of wound healing closure (ca. 70%), through cell migration, both in young and older cells, associated to a downregulation of inflammation markers. In conclusion, PSF extract antioxidant and anti-inflammaging abilities result in improved wound healing capacity, thus suggesting that PSF might be helpful to improve the quality of life for its beneficial health effects.

scholarly journals Vitamin D as a Primer for Oncolytic Viral Therapy in Colon Cancer Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 7326
Author(s):  
Sang-In Kim ◽  
Shyambabu Chaurasiya ◽  
Anthony K. Park ◽  
Seonah Kang ◽  
Jianming Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Oncolytic Viruses ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Oncolytic Viral Therapy ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
The Impact

Oncolytic viroimmunotherapy is an exciting modality that can offer lasting anti-tumor immunity for aggressive malignancies like colon cancer. The impact of oncolytic viruses may be extended by combining them with agents to prime a tumor for viral susceptibility. This study investigates vitamin D analogue as an adjunct to oncolytic viral therapy for colon cancer. While vitamin D (VD) has historically been viewed as anti-viral, our in vitro investigations using human colon cancer cell lines showed that VD does not directly inhibit replication of recombinant chimeric poxvirus CF33. VD did restrict growth in HT29 but not HCT116 human colon cancer cells. In vivo investigations using HCT116 and HT29 xenograft models of colon cancer demonstrated that a VD analogue, calcipotriol, was additive with CF33-based viral therapy in VD-responsive HT29 but not in HCT116 tumors. Analyses of RNA-sequencing and gene expression data demonstrated a downregulation in the Jak-STAT signaling pathway with the addition of VD to viral therapy in HT29 models suggesting that the anti-inflammatory properties of VD may enhance the effects of viral therapy in some models. In conclusion, VD may prime oncolytic viral therapy in certain colon cancers.

scholarly journals Vitamin D signaling regulates oral keratinocyte proliferation in vitro and in vivo

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 1625-1633 ◽  
Author(s):  
FENG-NING F. YUAN ◽  
JAYASANKER VALIYAPARAMBIL ◽  
MICHAEL C. WOODS ◽  
HUY TRAN ◽  
RIMA PANT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Keratinocyte Proliferation ◽  
Vitamin D Signaling ◽  
Proliferation In Vitro

scholarly journals Beneficial Effects of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides on Fermentability In Vivo and In Vitro

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1884
Author(s):  
Wanting Wang ◽  
Yiqiong Yuan ◽  
Jun Cao ◽  
Xuanri Shen ◽  
Chuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Hepatocellular Injury ◽  
Sugar Consumption ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Impact

This work aimed to investigate the in-vitro and in-vivo fermentation behaviors of Holothuria leucospilota Polysaccharides (HLP) and the impact on mouse liver antioxidant activity. HLP showed excellent fermentability during in vitro experiments, which was characterized by increased levels of total sugar consumption and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). During in vitro fecal fermentation, the fucose contents in the HLP fermentation products (0.174 mg/mL) were higher than those of xylose and galactosamine during the first three hours, and fucose disappeared after 24 h. The concentrations of the generated SCFAs increased to 111.13 mmol/mL after in-vitro fermentation at 48 h. After 28 days of oral administration, the SCFA contents that were detected in the feces of mice treated with high HLP doses were significantly higher than those in the feces of mice treated with lower doses and the normal group. In addition, histological observations demonstrated that HLP increased the number of goblet cells without causing hepatocellular injury. Moreover, the increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxidase dismutase (SOD) activities and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the mouse livers treated with HLP suggested the good performance of HLP with respect to liver antioxidants.

scholarly journals Comparison of the In Vitro and In Vivo Electrochemical Performance of Bionic Electrodes

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Alexander R. Harris ◽  
Carrie Newbold ◽  
Dimitra Stathopoulos ◽  
Paul Carter ◽  
Robert Cowan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Fibrous Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Testing ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Electrode Implantation ◽  
Electrochemical Response ◽  
The Impact

The electrochemical performance of platinum electrodes was assessed in vitro and in vivo to determine the impact of electrode implantation and the relevance of in vitro testing in predicting in vivo behaviour. A significant change in electrochemical response was seen after electrode polarisation. As a result, initial in vitro measurements were poor predictors of subsequent measurements performed in vitro or in vivo. Charge storage capacity and charge density measurements from initial voltammetric measurements were not correlated with subsequent measurements. Electrode implantation also affected the electrochemical impedance. The typically reported impedance at 1 kHz was a very poor predictor of electrode performance. Lower frequencies were significantly more dependent on electrode properties, while higher frequencies were dependent on solution properties. Stronger correlations in impedance at low frequencies were seen between in vitro and in vivo measurements after electrode activation had occurred. Implanting the electrode increased the resistance of the electrochemical circuit, with bone having a higher resistivity than soft tissue. In contrast, protein fouling and fibrous tissue formation had a minimal impact on electrochemical response. In vivo electrochemical measurements also typically use a quasi-reference electrode, may operate in a 2-electrode system, and suffer from uncompensated resistance. The impact of these experimental conditions on electrochemical performance and the relevance of in vitro electrode assessment is discussed. Recommended in vitro testing protocols for assessing bionic electrodes are presented.

Drag Reduction by Polymers in Saline Nutrient Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata T. Silva ◽  
Aloysio A. S. Campos ◽  
Edson J. Soares ◽  
Leonardo dos Santos ◽  
Renato N. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Drag Reduction ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Blood Proteins ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Artificial Plasma ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Abstract Drag reduction (DR) by polymers has several industrial applications, and it has also shown to produce beneficial effects on blood circulation and may represent a way to treat cardiovascular disorders. Concerning medical applications, there are basically two types of studies using drag reducing polymers (DRP), i.e., in vitro and in vivo. Although blood may be used in the in vitro studies, there are several limitations, such as incompatibility of Rh and possibility of denaturing blood proteins. Thus, biomedical researchers commonly use an artificial plasma-like saline nutrient solution (SNS), which contains ions, nutrients, a buffer to maintain pH levels and a supply of oxygen to the tissue. The behavior of the DRP in water is well reported in the literature, but the SNS components can interact with the polymers, changing their capacity to reduce drag. This study investigates the behavior of three different polymers, i.e., polyacrylamide (PAM), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and xanthan gum (XG), when applied as DRP to a commonly used SNS. For the conditions evaluated, the SNS composition does not change significantly PAM and PEO behavior, showing that they can be satisfactorily diluted in this solvent without loss of efficiency as drag reducers. However, it modifies XG conformation, drastically reducing its efficiency. The experiments with tail arterial beds suggest that PAM is efficient to reduce the perfusion pressure, but PEO and XG do not seem to be good reducers under the experimental conditions that have been analyzed, possibly due to the interaction of the drag reducers with the flow, with the solvent components and with the tissues that were kept alive during the experiments. Although PEO did not present a good performance as DRP for the conditions evaluated in the perfusion tests, its performance can be improved in other organs where the turbulence levels, or instabilities, are higher, as suggested by the rheometer tests.

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