scholarly journals Inhibition of return regarding body images in women with shape/weight-based self-worth

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 204380871877897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimosa Forsyth ◽  
Elizabeth Rieger ◽  
Jason Bell
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Of Return ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Body Images ◽  
High Group ◽  
Attentional Processes ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Low Levels

The present study examined attentional biases to female body images in young adult (aged 17–30 years) Caucasian females with high versus low levels of shape/weight-based self-worth. Using an inhibition of return (IOR) task, we measured how readily participants were able to disengage attention from nonthin and thin-ideal body images. In response to nonthin body images, the Low group (i.e., participants with low levels of shape/weight-based self-worth) displayed increased IOR toward the body images relative to the High group (i.e., participants with elevated shape/weight-based self-worth). Our results suggest that women with low levels of shape/weight-based self-worth possess a potential protective mechanism that allows them to more readily disengage attention from nonthin images compared to women who base their self-worth on shape/weight. These findings provide a new focus for investigating attentional processes in individuals at risk of eating disorders, as they relate to the ongoing processing of body-related imagery beyond initial attentional capture.

scholarly journals Actual, social and ideal body image in Mexican adolescents and their relation with body dissatisfaction: gender differences (Imagen corporal actual, social e ideal y su relación con el descontento corporal en adolescentes mexicanos: diferencias por género

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 189-192
Author(s):  
Armando Cocca ◽  
José René Blanco Ornelas ◽  
Jesús Enrique Peinado Pérez ◽  
Jesús Viciana Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Images ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Ideal Body

The purpose of the present study was to compare the perception of current (CBI), ideal (IBI), social body images (SBI), and body dissatisfaction (BD) by gender in Mexican primary and secondary school students. A total sample of 1,146 participants (550 girls and 596 boys) aged 11-16 participated in the study. All participants completed the Mexican computerized adaptation of the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Results of one-way multivariate analysis of variance, followed by one-way univariate analyses of variance, showed that girls (ABI = 4.26; IBI = 3.53; SBI = 4.28; BD = 0.89) expressed a greater discrepancy between ideal and actual body shape, as well as lower scores of ideal body shape than boys (ABI = 4.28; IBI = 3.93; SBI = 4.31; BD = 0.61). However, no statistical differences were found between boys and girls in actual and social body shape. Although current and social body images are perceived in a similar way by adolescents in our sample regardless of gender, yet girls seem to be more responsive to social and environmental pressures related with body stereotype, this being reflected by a higher dissatisfaction and a thinner idealization of the body. Our findings suggest that we need to focus our attention on girls, especially in a phase of changes such as puberty, if we aim to design any intervention that could positively impact youth’s health through a proper body image.Resumen. El propósito de este estudio fue de comparar por género la percepción de la imagen corporal actual (CBI), ideal (IBI) y social (SBI), así como el descontento con el propio cuerpo (BD), en una muestra de estudiantes mexicanos de escuelas primarias y secundarias. Se seleccionó una muestra de 1.146 participantes (550 niñas y 596 niños) de entre 11 y 16 años de edad, que completaron la adaptación mexicana de la Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Los resultados de los análisis multivariados y univariados demuestran que las niñas (ABI = 4.26; IBI = 3.53; SBI = 4.28; BD = 0.89) sufren un mayor descontento corporal que los niños (ABI = 4.28; IBI = 3.93; SBI = 4.31; BD = 0.61), así como consideran que el cuerpo ideal sea mucho más delgado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre niños y niñas en la imagen corporal real y social. Aunque los adolescentes perciban de una manera similar su cuerpo independientemente del género, las niñas son más receptivas en lo que refiere a las presiones sociales del estereotipo corporal, reflejándose esto en un mayor descontento y en un ideal excesivamente magro de su cuerpo. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de enfocar la atención en las niñas, especialmente durante la pubertad, de cara a implementar intervenciones apropiadas que tengan un impacto real sobre la salud de los jóvenes a través de la construcción de una apropiada imagen corporal.

scholarly journals How malleable are attentional biases in women with body dissatisfaction? Priming effects and their impact on attention to images of women’s bodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 204380871983713
Author(s):  
Samantha Withnell ◽  
Christopher R. Sears ◽  
Kristin M. von Ranson
Keyword(s):  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
The Body ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Women's Bodies ◽  
Gaze Tracking ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
Before And After

Understanding attentional biases associated with body dissatisfaction can aid in devising and refining programs to reduce body dissatisfaction. This study compared attention to images of women’s bodies before and after a body satisfaction or body dissatisfaction priming task. Attention was assessed using eye-gaze tracking, by measuring participants’ fixations to images of “thin” models, “fat” models, and images of average women over an 8-s presentation. Women with high ( n = 65) and low ( n = 43) levels of trait body dissatisfaction, as measured by the Body Shape Questionnaire, were randomly assigned to a body satisfaction or body dissatisfaction priming task. Results indicated that both priming tasks were effective at modifying participants’ state body satisfaction. Women with high body dissatisfaction exhibited an attentional bias to thin and fat model images prior to the priming procedure, replicating previous findings. Contrary to predictions, body dissatisfaction priming increased attention to body images for women with both high and low body dissatisfaction, whereas body satisfaction priming had no effect on attention for either group. These findings show that women with high and low body dissatisfaction are vulnerable to the effects of body dissatisfaction priming.

Male Ideal Body Images: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuko Takeuchi ◽  
Caroline Davis ◽  
Donald R. McCreary
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Comparison ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison ◽  
Ideal Body

Reviews

Screen Bodies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Josh Morrison ◽  
Sylvie Bissonnette ◽  
Karen J. Renner ◽  
Walter S. Temple
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
Media Art ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Body Images ◽  
New Media Art

Kate Mondloch, A Capsule Aesthetic: Feminist Materialisms in New Media Art (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2018), 151 pp. ISBN: 9781517900496 (paperback, $27) Alberto Brodesco and Federico Giordano, editors, Body Images in the Post-Cinematic Scenario: The Digitization of Bodies (Milan: Mimesis International, 2017). 195 pp., ISBN: 9788869771095 (paperback, $27.50) Cynthia J. Miller and A. Bowdoin Van Riper, editors, What’s Eating You? Food and Horror on Screen (New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2017). 370pp., ISBN: 9781501322389 (hardback, $105); ISBN: 9781501343964 (paperback, $27.96); ISBN: 9781501322419 (ebook, $19.77) Kaya Davies Hayon, Sensuous Cinema: The Body in Contemporary Maghrebi Cinema (New York: Bloomsbury, 2018). 181pp., ISBN: 9781501335983 (hardback, $107.99)

scholarly journals A Multi-Channel Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Resolution Network for MR to CT Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Kerstin Klaser ◽  
Pedro Borges ◽  
Richard Shaw ◽  
Marta Ranzini ◽  
Marc Modat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Synthetic Ct

Synthesising computed tomography (CT) images from magnetic resonance images (MRI) plays an important role in the field of medical image analysis, both for quantification and diagnostic purposes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in image-to-image translation for brain applications. However, synthesising whole-body images remains largely uncharted territory, involving many challenges, including large image size and limited field of view, complex spatial context, and anatomical differences between images acquired at different times. We propose the use of an uncertainty-aware multi-channel multi-resolution 3D cascade network specifically aiming for whole-body MR to CT synthesis. The Mean Absolute Error on the synthetic CT generated with the MultiResunc network (73.90 HU) is compared to multiple baseline CNNs like 3D U-Net (92.89 HU), HighRes3DNet (89.05 HU) and deep boosted regression (77.58 HU) and shows superior synthesis performance. We ultimately exploit the extrapolation properties of the MultiRes networks on sub-regions of the body.

Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Isaacs ◽  
D. Tannahill ◽  
J.M. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesoderm Induction ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Low Levels

We have cloned and sequenced a new member of the fibroblast growth factor family from Xenopus laevis embryo cDNA. It is most closely related to both mammalian kFGF (FGF-4) and FGF-6 but as it is not clear whether it is a true homologue of either of these genes we provisionally refer to it as XeFGF (Xenopus embryonic FGF). Two sequences were obtained, differing by 11% in derived amino acid sequence, which probably represent pseudotetraploid variants. Both the sequence and the behaviour of in vitro translated protein indicates that, unlike bFGF (FGF-2), XeFGF is a secreted molecule. Recombinant XeFGF protein has mesoderm-inducing activity with a specific activity similar to bFGF. XeFGF mRNA is expressed maternally and zygotically with a peak during the gastrula stage. Both probe protection and in situ hybridization showed that the zygotic expression is concentrated in the posterior of the body axis and later in the tailbud. Later domains of expression were found near the midbrain/hindbrain boundary and at low levels in the myotomes. Because of its biological properties and expression pattern, XeFGF is a good candidate for an inducing factor with possible roles both in mesoderm induction at the blastula stage and in the formation of the anteroposterior axis at the gastrula stage.

Body Shaping Through Aerobic Training in the Gym in Adult Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Alexandra Giurgiu ◽  
Iacob Hanțiu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ideal Body ◽  
Training Exercises

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Regular physical activity has positive effects on human body composition, even if not combined with a diet. For many people this activity aims to reduce the amount of fat in some areas of the body and targets body shaping. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to learn about the effects of a 12-months regular participation in aerobic training exercises. Methods. This study was voluntarily attended by 89 women with an average age of 31.62, practicing aerobic exercises in gyms, three times a week for a period of 12 months. We carried out anthropometric measurements of subjects at the beginning and at end of the study, respectively, and data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software. Results. Data collected was statistically processed, showing that participation in physical training led to reducing body weight by 4.81 kg, decrease of adipose tissue - between the two moments there was a difference of 5 % - fat mass decreased by 4.26 kg, and lean body mass by 0.55 kg. Significant decrease in chest, waist and hip circumference was also noticed. Conclusions. Regular participation in physical training programs involving aerobic exercise for 12 months has had the effect of reducing body weight and the amount of fat in some areas of the body, materialized by decreasing the value of the circumference of the chest, waist and hips, with the intention of reaching the ideal body weight and aiming for body shaping.

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