Oral candidiasis in HIV-uninfected pediatric population in areas with limited fungal diagnosis: A case study from a tertiary hospital, Tanzania

Background: Oral candidiasis (OC) is an indirect indicator of cell-mediated immunodeficiency with a high predictive value of disseminated candidiasis. Here, we report the prevalence and factors associated with laboratory-confirmed OC in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-uninfected children with clinical OC attending the outpatient clinic or admitted in pediatric wards of the Bugando Medical Center (BMC). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2017. Social demographic and clinical data were collected using a pre-tested data collection tool. Oral swabs were collected using a sterile cotton swab and mycological culture was done to detect Candida spp. followed by susceptibility testing as per European Committee on Antimicrobial Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Data were analyzed using STATA version 13 following study objectives. Results: A total of 325 non-repetitive oral swabs from HIV-uninfected children aged between 2 and 156 months were collected. Candida spp. were detected in 123 (37.8%) children. One (1.8%) C. albicans isolate was resistant to fluconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 256 μg/ml, 32 μg/ml, and 0.31 μg/ml, respectively. Upon multivariate logistic regression analysis, being a male child (OR 2, 95% CI 1.2–3.2, p = 0.008) and having a history of antibiotic use (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–2.8, p = 0.017) independently predicted laboratory-confirmed OC among HIV-uninfected children. Conclusion: Only a third of children with clinical OC were laboratory confirmed, and this was more likely in male children with a history of antibiotic use. Most of the isolates were highly susceptible to commonly used antifungal agents like fluconazole. Treatment of children at risk should be prioritized to reduce associated morbidity.

Download Full-text

Medico-social Profile of Women Experiencing Menopausal Syndrome Attending a Periurban Hospital

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v35i4.34738 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 179-183

Author(s):

Saria Tasnim ◽

FH Anamul Hoque ◽

Summyia Nazmeen

Keyword(s):

Health Care Services ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Family Relationship ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Menopausal Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Services ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

History Of

Women’s health is a global concern now a days. Studies on issues relating to menopause is lacking Bangladesh and those been conducted mainly focus on physical and psychological symptoms around the time of menopause. This cross sectional study was done to explore the sociomedical context and nutritional characteristics of a group of women approaching menopause A total 106 women aged 45-60 years attending Gynae outpatient department of a tertiary hospital between March- May, 2013 was interviewed using structured questionnaire after obtaining informed written consent. Height and weight was measured using standardized procedure. Data analysed using SPSS. Mean age was 50.3± 5.3 years, about 75.5% were between 45-50 years, 85.1% had more than 2 children and 72.6% had history of Abortion. Mean age at menopause 44.65 ± 6.4 years, range 32-58 yrs. Mean BMI was 25± 4.2 and 43.4% were overweight or Obese. Chronic illness like hypertension and arthritis was present in (15.09%) and diabetes mellitus in 10.3% . The family relationship with children was good in 78.09%, husband was reported caring in 72.3% and 2.8% receive abusive behavior from husband. Only 8.5% were self earning, 24.5% and & 17.9% were dependent on children and husband respectively. With increasing life expectancy and improvements of health care services there is greater chance of survival for a women beyond menopause. Sociocultural and medical characteristics of midlife women is important to explore their specific health needs. Ensuring quality of life for this special group of women will help to better utilize their potential for development of the country.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2017; 35(4): 179-183

Download Full-text

An Audit of Rational Use of Antibiotics in a Tertiary Hospital

Delta Medical College Journal ◽

10.3329/dmcj.v2i2.20526 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 64-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanzima Begum ◽

Md Ismail Khan ◽

Shamima Kawser ◽

Md Ehsanul Huq ◽

Nadira Majid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Antibiotic Use ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Rational Use Of Antibiotics

Background: Drug can cure ailment when used rationally on the other hand they may become harmful or even may threaten a life when used irrationally. Absence of guidelines for antibiotic use, protocols for rational therapeutics and infection control committees, have led to overuse and misuse of antimicrobials even in different specialized units in hospitals. Objective: The study has been designed to get a picture of use of antibiotics in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Materials and method: Cross sectional study was conducted in the department of Medicine of Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, for 3 months from 1st January 2009 to 31st March 2009. Admitted patients of Medicine unit-1 who got antibiotics were included in the study. Total number of patients was 1563. Results: Five hundred out of 1563 patients were prescribed antibiotics (38%). Out of 500 prescriptions, 68(14%) prescriptions were found irrational. Conclusion: Continuous surveillance should be carried out to reduce the irrational use of antibiotics. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dmcj.v2i2.20526 Delta Med Col J. Jul 2014; 2(2): 64-67

Download Full-text

The Association Between Uric Acid and Symmetric Dimethylarginine Levels in the Patients Undergoing Twice-weekly Hemodialysis

Nephro-Urology Monthly ◽

10.5812/numonthly.117476 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Aida Lydia ◽

Yassir Yassir ◽

Rudy Hidayat ◽

Suhendro Suwarto

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Symmetric Dimethylarginine ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Increased Risk ◽

History Of

Background: Uric acid (UA) levels are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in hemodialysis patients. However, there are still conflicting data on the mechanism of increased risks related to uric acid levels. Objectives: This study assessed the association between uric acid levels and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), as a marker of cardiovascular disease, in the subjects undergoing hemodialysis twice weekly. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a tertiary hospital in Jakarta, Indonesia. We included all the adults who underwent hemodialysis twice weekly for at least three months in our hospital. Subjects already on uric acid lowering therapy, pregnant or lactating women and those with a history of malignancy were excluded. Uric acid and SDMA levels were measured at the same time in pre-dialysis venous blood samples. Bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test or one-way ANOVA. Results: A total of 126 subjects were included. The median level of UA was 8.4 mg/dL (IQR: 2.6, min: 4.1, max: 13.6), and 72 subjects (57.14%) had UA levels of 8 mg/dL or higher. The median SDMA level was 535.5 (312.7) mmol/dL (min: 119.7, max: 1895.5). Subjects with UA levels > 8 mg/dL had significantly higher SDMA levels compared to subjects with UA levels < 8 mg/dL (550.1 (IQR: 357.25) vs 491.35 (IQR: 181.1), P: 0.0475). Conclusions: In twice-weekly hemodialysis patients, UA levels above 8 mg/dL were associated with increased SDMA levels.

Download Full-text

Pulmonary Function Tests and Their Associated Factors in HIV-infected Patients at Jimma Medical Center; Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-467959/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Muluken Teshome ◽

Teshome Gobena ◽

Misganaw Asmamaw ◽

Elias Mulat

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Function ◽

Medical Center ◽

Pulmonary Function Tests ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Retroviral Infection ◽

Function Test ◽

History Of

Abstract BackgroundHIV-infected persons have a greater risk of developing respiratory disorders. Poor socio-economic status, High viral load, low CD4 counts, and anti-retroviral therapy are linked with the problems. Despite its high prevalence the association between retroviral infection and pulmonary function status as well as their associated factors has not yet well established in resource-scarce countries in general and study setting in particularMethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from September 24 to October 15 of 2020 at Jimma Medical Center among HIV-positive patients and matched control group. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire administered via face-to-face interview. The collected data included Socio-demographic, respiratory, retroviral infection, and substance use related. Pulmonary function tests were also conducted using SP10 spirometer. Collected data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Independent t-test and multiple linear regressions were carried out to identify factors independently associated with the pulmonary function status of the study participants while controlling for potential confounders.ResultsOne hundred ninety two HIV-positive patients and matched control individuals participated in the study. A mean pulmonary function test parameters among HIV-infected participants were FVC (l) (2.957±0.792, p0.006), FEV (l) (2.289±0.593, p<0.001), and PEFR (l) (4.258±2.039, p<0.001) with a significant declined in the group. Respiratory symptom, history of pulmonary TB, duration of living with RVI, duration of treatment, and current CD4 cell count were significant predictors of pulmonary function test indices(p<0.05) in HIV infected respondents.ConclusionA significant reduction in mean pulmonary function parameters were observed among HIV-positive participants in comparison to non-RVI participants. A strong association was observed between pulmonary function status of HIV-infected patients and current CD4 count, duration of living with RVI, duration of treatment, and history of PTB. Therefore, due consideration in screening, diagnosing, and managing noninfectious lung diseases should be given by health professionals while treating HIV-infected patients.

Download Full-text

Patients’ Perception towards General and Pelvic Examination by Male Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study in a Multi-ethnic Population

IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia ◽

10.31436/imjm.v20i4.1680 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Valliammai Jayanthi Thirunavuk Arasoo ◽

Nisha Angela Dominic ◽

Vanassa Ratnasingam ◽

Md Inzamum Ul Islam ◽

Erin Ziyi Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Male Students ◽

Pelvic Examination ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Health Care Centre ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Introduction Male medical students globally have difficulty in obtaining consent to perform pelvic examination. We sought to identify independent factors influencing women consenting to male medical students performing general and pelvic examination under supervision. Methods This cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital and a public health care centre in Johor Bahru, Malaysia recruited 369 women above 18 years old who have had sexual intercourse before and no prior hysterectomy. A validated self-administered bilingual questionnaire was used to collect data on factors that influence them consenting to male medical students examining them and performing pelvic examination when indicated. Results The respondents were largely below 30 years old (52.9%), Malays (73.4%) and Muslims (75.3%). The consent rates for general and pelvic examination were 27.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Being a Muslim, having an occupation and being introduced by a male medical specialist increased the likelihood of women consenting to general examination. However, a history of being examined by male students decreased the likelihood by 64%. Believing that male doctors should have the skills to treat patients in women's health was the only independent factor that increased the likelihood for women to consent for pelvic examination to be conducted by male medical students. Conclusion Believing that male doctors should be skilled in treating women positively influences decision to consent. Explaining earnestly to women on how they aid in developing the skills of future doctors should be prioritised. Keywords: patients’ perception; male medical students; pelvic examination

Download Full-text

Frequency of Candida Spp. On the Anterior and Posterior Surfaces of Tongue Among Healthy Denture and Non-denture Wearers

10.21203/rs.3.rs-246905/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fatemeh Owlia ◽

Seyedhossein Hekmatimoghaddam ◽

faraz kheirollahi

Keyword(s):

Oral Candidiasis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nonparametric Tests ◽

P Value ◽

Candida Spp ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Common Opportunistic Infection ◽

Mycological Examination ◽

Posterior Tongue

Abstract Background: oral Candidiasis is the most common opportunistic infection that could affect the oral mucosa. Studies to date did not compare the colony count of candida of the anterior and posterior surfaces of the tongue. Objectives: hence, this study was aimed to compare the Candida spp. on the anterior and posterior surfaces of tongue among healthy denture and non-denture wearers.Methods: in current cross-sectional study, oral specimens were collected from anterior and posterior tongue dorsa by swabbing for mycological examination. Samples were collected from 26 healthy denture wearers (DW) and 10 non-denture wearers (NDW). All samples were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (S) and chloramphenicol (SC) and chloramphenicol and cycloheximide (SCC) mediums. Isolated colonies were counted. Germ Tube test was performed to determine the albicans species. Data was collected and entered in SPSS software version 17. Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon nonparametric tests were used for statistical comparison of data due to non-compliance with normal distribution.Results: the higher density of isolated colonies were seen in denture wearer group comparing to others (P Value = 0.031). There was a significant difference between candida colonization of anterior and posterior of tongue (P Value = 0.006). C. Albicans was the most common isolated candida species.Conclusion: mycological findings of this study revealed that presence of denture can increase colonization of candida on the posterior surface of the tongue. It could be an important guide in choosing the best form for medicine management of oral candidiasis.

Download Full-text

Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Spinal Anesthesia in Orotta, Halibet and Sembel Hospitals: A Cross Sectional Study in Eritrea

10.47363/jsar/2021(2)116 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Michael Beraki Mengistu ◽

◽

Yonatan Mehari Andemeske ◽

AriamTsegay Emhatsion ◽

HabtomTareke Wrieta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Background: Delirium is a common but often underdiagnosed set of transient symptoms often seen in elderly patients following surgeries under spinal anesthesia. With early recognition and diagnosis based on the established standard criteria delirium can be improved. Early identification of the possible contributingfactors and the magnitude of the burden will help in the management of the fragile elderly patients. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of postoperative delirium and associated risk factors in elderly patients who have done surgery under spinal anesthesia. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the National Referral Hospitals and Sembel PrivateHospital, in Asmara, Eritrea from February to May, 2019. The study participants were elderly patients (age ≥65 years) having no known history of dementia or delirium or no mental disorder, no history of acute cerebrovascular disease. Basic background and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. To assess the status of cognitive impairment level, the Mini Mental State Examination and Confusion Assessment Method tools were used. Data was collected through an interview method. After the data was entered into SPSS version 22 software, data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method as appropriate. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 74 ±6.62 and 102 (79.1%) of the participants were males. POD occurred in 14 (10.9%) of the patients. Adjusting all the potential factors, age was identified as arisk factor for developing POD. Conclusion: Age was determined to be a significant risk factor of delirium. Elderly patients require more attention and care and the findings might help to develop preventive strategies to the occurrence of POD

Download Full-text

Are presbyopes willing to pay for spectacles? A Cross-sectional study’’

10.21203/rs.2.16524/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽

Anthony Carlson

Keyword(s):

Willingness To Pay ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

The Mean ◽

South Gondar

Abstract Objective Cross-sectional study design were used to assess willingness to pay for spectacles among south Gondar presbyopic population.Results Of the total 322 people participating in the study, only 53.4% (172) were experienced by spectacles users. The median gross monthly income of participants was US$ 75.0 (ranged US$ 7.1 - 321.4) and the mean amount of money willing to pay for a pair of spectacles was US$ 17.9 (ranged US$ 1.1-107.1). Participants who were willing to pay US$ 12.5 for a pair of spectacles from a government optical accounted for 63.0% (95% CI: 57.8-68.3), while those willing to pay the minimum international pair of spectacle price US$ 5.6 were accounted 73.9% (95% CI: 68.9-79.2%) and spectacle from local private optical price US$ 17.8 accounted 46.6% (95% CI: 40.4-52.2). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated factors such as age (P=0.049), occupation (0.001), monthly income (0.001) and history of the previous spectacle wear (0.005) to be significantly associated with willingness to pay for a pair of spectacles. Public willingness to pay for a pair of spectacle has to be supported with the accessible provision of spectacles to increase spectacle coverage among presbyopic individuals.

Download Full-text

Measles antibody seropositivity among children with allergic diseases: A cross-sectional study in the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0257721 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. e0257721

Author(s):

Mayako Saito-Abe ◽

Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada ◽

Kensuke Shoji ◽

Miori Sato ◽

Makoto Irahara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Clinical History ◽

Allergic Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Antibody Positivity ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

Background The relationship between allergic individuals and their responsiveness to routine vaccines has rarely been investigated. This study examined whether the seroprevalence of measles antibody differed between children with and without allergic diseases in the general pediatric population. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed within a prospective general birth cohort (a pilot study of the Japan Environment & Children’s Pilot Study [JECS]) of children aged 8 years. The clinical history of allergic diseases, measles, and the concentration of measles immunoglobulin G titers in serum enzyme immunoassay were examined. Fisher’s exact tests were used to assess the relationships between the allergic characteristics of the children and their measles antibody positivity rates. Results This study included 162 children. Any allergic disease was reported in 75 (46.3%). The measles antibody positivity rate was 94.7% among children with any allergic diseases and 92.0% among children without allergic diseases. Our results revealed no differences in measles antibody seropositivity between children with allergies and controls. Conclusions Children with allergies mount and maintain a comparable immune response to the measles vaccine.

Download Full-text

Aetiopathological and demographic profile of diabetic foot: a prospective cross sectional study from a tertiary hospital in South India

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20171132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1305

Author(s):

Ragesh Kalikottu Valappil ◽

Sheena Krishnan ◽

Siddharth Matad ◽

Shameej Kinakool Vayalipath

Keyword(s):

Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetic Foot ◽

Foot Ulcer ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Female Ratio ◽

History Of

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder affecting large segment of population and is a major public health problem.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study of 150 patients conducted in the Department of Surgery at Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, IndiaResults: Maximum numbers of patients were in the age group of 60-69. Male to female ratio is 3.04:1.50% had duration of diabetes <10 years and 50% had duration ≥10. years. 81 (54%) patients had neuropathy, 53 (35.3%) had PVD, 41 (27.3%) had history of prior foot ulcer, 70 (46.7%) had poor glycemic control (RBS >200 mg/dl) at the time of admission and 44 (29.3%) had history of smoking.Conclusions: Most important risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were neuropathy (54%), poor glycemic control (46.7%) and PVD (35.3%), diabetic foot requires a comprehensive management.

Download Full-text