Incidence and Risk Factors of Post-Operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Who Underwent Spinal Anesthesia in Orotta, Halibet and Sembel Hospitals: A Cross Sectional Study in Eritrea

Background: Delirium is a common but often underdiagnosed set of transient symptoms often seen in elderly patients following surgeries under spinal anesthesia. With early recognition and diagnosis based on the established standard criteria delirium can be improved. Early identification of the possible contributingfactors and the magnitude of the burden will help in the management of the fragile elderly patients. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of postoperative delirium and associated risk factors in elderly patients who have done surgery under spinal anesthesia. Method: This cross sectional study was conducted in the National Referral Hospitals and Sembel PrivateHospital, in Asmara, Eritrea from February to May, 2019. The study participants were elderly patients (age ≥65 years) having no known history of dementia or delirium or no mental disorder, no history of acute cerebrovascular disease. Basic background and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. To assess the status of cognitive impairment level, the Mini Mental State Examination and Confusion Assessment Method tools were used. Data was collected through an interview method. After the data was entered into SPSS version 22 software, data was analyzed with frequency, percentage, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method as appropriate. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean age of the participants was 74 ±6.62 and 102 (79.1%) of the participants were males. POD occurred in 14 (10.9%) of the patients. Adjusting all the potential factors, age was identified as arisk factor for developing POD. Conclusion: Age was determined to be a significant risk factor of delirium. Elderly patients require more attention and care and the findings might help to develop preventive strategies to the occurrence of POD

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Incidence and risk factors of post operative delirium in elderly patients who underwent spinal anesthesia in Orotta, Halibet and Sembel Hospitals: A Cross sectional analytic study in ERITREA

10.21203/rs.2.19630/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Beraki Mengistu ◽

Yonatan Mehari Andemeskel ◽

Ariam Tsegay Emehatsion ◽

Habtom Tareke Wrieta ◽

Natsnet Yacob Gebreyessus

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Spinal Anesthesia ◽

Postoperative Delirium ◽

Early Recognition ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Assessment Method ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of

Abstract BackgroundDelirium is a common but often underdiagnosed set of transient symptomin the elderly patients following surgeries under spinal anesthesia. Delirium can be improved with early recognition and diagnosis based on the established standard criteria. The identification of the possible contributing factors and magnitude of the burden will help in the management of the fragile elderly patients. Managing delirium with environmental, supportive and pharmacological interventions will possibly reduce the incidence, and complication associated with postoperative delirium. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of postoperative delirium and associated risk factors in elderly patients who did surgery under spinal anesthesia. MethodThis cross sectional study was conducted in the National Referral Hospitals in Eritrea (Orotta and Halibet), including Sembel hospital from February to May, 2019. The study participants were elderly patients (age ≥65 years) having no mental disorder, no history of acute cerebrovascular disease, no known history of delirium and/or dementia. Basic background and clinical characteristics of the patients was collected. To assess the status of cognitive impairment level, the Mini Mental State Examination and Confusion Assessment Method tools were used. Data was collected through an interview method. After the data was entered into SPSS version 22 software, it was conducted with frequency, percentage, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis method as appropriate. P value at<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. ConclusionPostoperative delirium occurred in 14 out of 129 case (10.9%). The multivariate analysis showed that only age was significantly associated with postoperative delirium. The other variables did not significantly influence the occurrence of POD. Therefore, t he incidence of postoperative delirium after spinal anesthesia was relatively high (10.9%). Similarly, old age was found as the risk factor for the development of delirium in those elderly patients who underwent spinal anesthesia. This findings might help to develop preventive strategies to decrease POD through targeted factors.

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A Cross-Sectional Study of Risk Factors for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Children 8–13 Years of Age in Suzhou, China

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2014/198461 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xueping Zhu ◽

Weichang Chen ◽

Xiaoli Zhu ◽

Yueping Shen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Trend Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parental History ◽

History Of ◽

Study Population ◽

Irritable Bowel

To determine the prevalence and risk factors of IBS in children 8–13 years of age in Suzhou city, a cross-sectional study was conducted on children in grades 1 through 6 in public elementary schools in three districts of Suzhou. A multistage stratified random-sampling survey was conducted in a primary investigation using standardized questionnaires. Rome II criteria were used to confirm IBS and their risk factors were analyzed. Of 8,000 questionnaires 7,472 responded satisfactorily for a response rate of 93.4%. IBS was diagnosed in 10.81%. A decrease in the prevalence of IBS was significantly associated with advancing age and grade in school (trend test,P<0.05). The prevalence of IBS in females was higher but not significantly different than males. The significant risk factors for IBS included young age (OR = 0.94), food allergy (OR = 1.53), gastroenteritis during childhood (OR = 1.29), eating fried food (OR = 1.62), anxiety (OR = 1.49), psychological insults in early childhood (OR = 1.47), and parental history of constipation (OR = 1.81; allP<0.05). IBS prevalence of 10.81% in study population warrants preventive measures such as encouraging dietary changes, preventing gastroenteritis and childhood psychological insults.

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Epidemiology of viral hepatitis B and C in Punjab, Pakistan: a multicenter cross-sectional study, 2017-18

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20174.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2065 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amjad Khan ◽

Saira Afzal ◽

Aashifa Yaqoob ◽

Razia Fatima ◽

Mahboob Ul Haq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Globally, approximately 240 million people are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are responsible for 96% of all hepatitis-related mortality. Pakistan has the second highest prevalence of HCV in the world. Methods: We conducted this study to ascertain the prevalence and potential risk factors associated with HBV and HCV infections in Punjab. A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 24 Hepatitis Prevention and Treatment Clinics of the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute and Research Center clinics, Lahore. A total of 141,705 individuals who visited the clinics during 2017-18 were included for seroprevalence analysis of hepatitis B (HBsAg) and C (Anti-HCV). In addition, 12,427 individuals from the main group underwent detailed face-to-face interviews based on a predesigned questionnaire for risk factor assessment. Results: The overall prevalence for HBV and HCV was 8.4% and 42.7%, respectively. Of those with HCV infection, 4.2% had a co-infection. The transgender population had a higher seroprevalence of HBV (11.8%) and HCV (58.8%). Higher HBV seroprevalence was found in a younger age group (16-30 years), while the older age group (>61 years) had a higher HCV seroprevalence. Geographically, Muzaffargarh district had the highest HBV seroprevalence at 26%, followed by Rajanpur district (20.3%). HCV seroprevalence was significantly (P value <0.05) higher in Shujabad district (66.4%), followed by Muzaffargarh (65.2%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, age, gender, intravenous injections, hijama therapy, dental procedure, circumcision by barbers, barber shaving, hospitalization and having had surgical procedures were all found to be significant risk factors (OR >1; p<0.05) for HBV and HCV. Conclusions: There is an urgent need for proper implementation of preventive and control strategies, as well as formal evaluation and monitoring mechanisms. Sustainable and adequate funding of public-sector hepatitis programs is also an extremely important area that should not be neglected.

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Pattern analysis of S. haematobium infection and elimination in the area of Alsuki, Sudan

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20210782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1059

Author(s):

Rawia A. Abdelshafie ◽

Abdalla I. Abdalla Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Health Program ◽

Pattern Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The People ◽

The Impact

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the current conditions of children of the selected area, for the purpose of measuring the new effective health program for schistosomiasis disease eliminations and obtain the prevalence intensity and risk factors of S. haematobium among school children in the study area.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to screen school going children of all the ages from five randomly selected schools from Alsuki region. A statistical analysis derived from data formulated based on 1062 samples aged between 6 and 15 years attending the selected schools during the period testing within 6 months were enrolled.Results: The impact of health awareness program was measured usefully and the responded factor for reducing the Schistosomiasis diseases was significantly became less than (0.05). Therefore, the actual qualified fitting degree and applicability was significantly becoming (p value=0.001).Conclusions: This research concluded that the prediction of Schistosomiasis diseases due to the risk Ratio of the collected data for those who did not attended awareness over the people who attended program became (0.248).

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Frequency and risk factors of internet addiction in medical students: a cross-sectional study

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association ◽

10.47391/jpma.451 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Amina Ehsan ◽

Farwa Iqbal ◽

Muhammad Azeem Rao

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Medical Students ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Online Relationships ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of internet addiction and to determine the risk factors associated with internet addiction in medical students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from July 2018 to August 2019. Our study population included medical students from all the years of MBBS aged 18-25 years, who have been using the internet for the past two years or more. A Stratified random sampling technique was used. Seventy-six self-administered questionnaires were distributed in each year. Data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Results: Out of the total sample of 380, the prevalence came out to be 90% (n=342). Two hundred and twenty-two 222 (58.4%) had mild, 115 (30.3%) had moderate, six (1.6%) had severe and 37 (9.7%) had no addiction. Out of the risk factors online friendships (p= 0.007), online relationships (P=0.035), online chatting (p= 0.009), online shopping (p= 0.009), online games (p=0.023) and online series/movies (p< 0.000) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of internet addiction is high among medical students, which is mostly of a mild type. Internet addiction is more common in males and non-hostel residents. Other significant risk factors are online relationships, online gaming, and online series/movies. Keywords: Prevalence, internet, medical students, risk factors. Continuous...

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Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Acute MI in a Secondary Hospital in Bangladesh

Cardiovascular Journal ◽

10.3329/cardio.v12i2.47985 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 96-101

Author(s):

Mohammad Ullah ◽

Suman Kumar Saha ◽

Md Toufiqur Rahman ◽

Md Abdul Karim ◽

Rashid Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Family History ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

General Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

History Of ◽

Secondary Hospital

Background: Incidence of noncommunicable disease, specially cardiovascular diseases, is increasing in Bangladesh. Prevalence of risk factors in ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been studied in different tertiary hospitals and institutes. This study was done in a secondary hospital with a patient population mainly of low socioeconomic condition and was compared with other patient groups of the country and Indian subcontinent. Methods: this cross sectional study was conducted in Manikganj Sadar Hospital from July 2019 to December 2019. All the patients admitted with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) were included. Cardiovascular risk factors, like smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), family history of premature cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidaemia and obesity, were evaluated among the patients. Results: This cross-sectional study showed most of the patients were in the age group of 50-59 years. 66% of the male patients and 2% of the female patients were smoker. 66% of the patients were hypertensive, 44% patients were diabetic, 28.5% patients were overweight, 60.4% patients had total cholesterol > 200mg/dl, 73.6% patients had LDL>130 mg/dl, 110 76.3% patients had HDL < 40 mg/ dl, 72.2% had triglyceride >150 mg/dl and 39% patients had family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Ninety (62.5%) patients had anterior MI, 50 (34.7%) patients had inferior MI and 4 (2.7%) patients had NSTEMI. 65 patients had no major risk factor and 57 % had three or more risk factors. Conclusion: The study population was more aged in comparison to other studies conducted in different parts of Bangladesh. Prevalence of smoking habit was lower but the prevalence of HTN, DM and dyslipidaemia were higher than the general population and other cohorts of MI patients. The prevalence of major risk factors was much higher than the general population of Bangladesh. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 96-101

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Characteristics, prevalence, risk factors, and underlying mechanism of hyponatremia in elderly patients treated with antidepressants: A cross-sectional study

Maturitas ◽

10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.08.010 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 357-363 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Cyndie K. Mannesse ◽

Paul A.F. Jansen ◽

Rob J. Van Marum ◽

Rob C. Sival ◽

Rob M. Kok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Mapping And Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors Leptospirosis Incidence Based Geographic Information System (GIS) In Sampang Regency

JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN ◽

10.20473/jkl.v8i1.2015.48-56 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Annisa Rahim ◽

Ririh Yudhastuti

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Unit Of Analysis ◽

Incidence Risk ◽

History Of ◽

Observational Descriptive Study

Abstract: One of the zoonosis in Indonesia is leptospirosis. Leptospirosis is caused due to infection of bacteria Leptospira. There were 107 cases and 9 deaths due to leptospirosis in Sampang. The incidence of leptospirosis in Sampang was an outbreak. The purpose of this study was to map the distribution of leptospirosis cases in Sampang in 2013 and to analyze environmental risk factors of leptospirosis cases (rainfall, altitude, and the presence of flood). This study was an observational-descriptive study and used cross-sectional study design. The unit of analysis of the study was administrative regions based on the districts. There was patients of leptospirosis in 4 districts in Sampang regency, there are Sampang district, Camplong district Robatal district and Omben district. The highest incidence of leptospirosis in Sampang regency was occured in Sampang district with rainfall more than 177.6 mm, altitude less than 47mdpl, and had experienced flooding. Mapping the incidence of leptospirosis showed the distribution of leptospirosis cases tend to be concentrated in Sampang district which had a history of flooding status. The conclusion is rainfall, altitude, and presence of flood are risk factors of leptospirosis. The advice is to improve surveillance of patients with leptospirosis particularly during floods, to do outreach to the community, to perform cross-sector cooperation, to avoid or to reduce the frequency of direct contact with the flood to minimize transmission of leptospirosis.Keywords: leptospirosis incidence, risk factors, mapping

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Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adults aged ≥ 35 years in northern China: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15592/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yunfeng Xi ◽

Liwei Niu ◽

Ning Cao ◽

Han Bao ◽

Xiaoqian Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Northern China ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Han Ethnicity

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence has increased continuously over the last 30 years in China. Dyslipidemia is an important modifiable risk factor in CVD. We aimed to collect current data on the prevalence of dyslipidemia in northern China and explore potential influencing factors. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we selected a representative sample of 65,128 participants aged ≥35 years in Inner Mongolia during 2015–2017. All participants completed a questionnaire and were examined for risk factors. Dyslipidemia was defined according to 2016 Chinese guidelines for adults. The associated factors for dyslipidemia were estimated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The age-standardized prevalence of dyslipidemia was 31.2% overall, with 4.3%, 2.4%, 14.7%, and 17.4% for high total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), respectively. The dyslipidemia prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (37.9% vs. 27.5%, P <0.001), but postmenopausal women had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia components (except low HDL-C). Compared with Han participants, Mongol participants had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia (29.1% vs. 31.4%, P <0.001). Male sex, living in urban areas, Han ethnicity, smoking, obesity, central obesity, hypertension, and diabetes were all positively correlated with dyslipidemia; alcohol consumption was linked to lower risk of dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Our study revealed that dyslipidemia is a health problem in northern China. Greater efforts to prevent and manage dyslipidemia, especially in men under age 55 years, postmenopausal women, and people with unhealthy lifestyles or chronic diseases.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Utero-Vaginal Prolapse in AddisAbaba, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-144888/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zelalem Mekuria ◽

Abdu Mengesha ◽

Girma Seyoum

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Home Delivery ◽

Health Concern ◽

Uterovaginal Prolapse ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP) is a major women’s health concern throughout the world. Globally, 2-20% of all women are affected by UVP. The mean prevalence of pelvic organ prolapse in developing countries is 19.7%. The prevalence of UVP in Ethiopia is 18.55% among all gynecological operations. UVP is a source of severe morbidity and psychological upheaval to the patient, who is often socially withdrawn and stigmatized. UVP negatively affects socioeconomic and reproductive activity of affected women. It is, therefore, of interest to study its prevalence and factors associated with the condition.Methodology: Institution-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in selected Addis Ababa city governmental hospitals and the medical record charts of women admitted in the respective gynecology wards were reviewed. The medical records included in this study were those from March 2017 to February 2019 G.C. and 400 records of admitted women were randomly selected. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical package. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were carried out to determine factors associated with UVP. A p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.Result: Out of the3,949 admitted women, the prevalence of UVP was 12.8%. The leading determinants of UVP were menopause (OR = 2.611 (at 95 % CI: 1.531, 3.838), age > 40 years (OR = 2.143 (at 95 % CI:1.496, 6.602), parity of > 4 (OR = 4.201 (at 95 % CI 1.652, 10.685), age at first delivery of < 20 years old (OR = 7.988(2.682, 23.792) and home delivery (OR = 1.380 (at 95 % CI:1.212, 2.572). Conclusion: The prevalence of UVP in this study was relatively high. The major risk factors of UVP were menopause, having > 4 deliveries, age > 40 years, age at first delivery < 20 years old and home delivery. Therefore, the findings of this investigation, especially identification of risk factors of UVP, could serve as a basis for taking steps for preventing or reducing the prevalence of UVP and related complications.

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