What Do Preambles Do? A Study of Constitutional Intent and Reality

2021 ◽  
pp. 232102302110429
Author(s):  
Neha Ummareddy ◽  
Aniket Alam
Keyword(s):  
Causal Link ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The People ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Active Fragments ◽  
Political Economic

‘We, the people’ is the most popular phrase from the constitutions. In spite of the fact that the number of countries including preamble as part of their constitution has been on the rise, preambles have received scant attention in academia. The importance of preambles has been established in multiple studies yet preambles have been looked at in isolation from socio-economic-environmental contexts. Our article attempts to present a unique insight by correlating preambles with the socio-economic-environmental and infrastructural context within which they exist. It explores whether these correlations exist and if they do with which features and to what extent and the possibility of a causal link. We pursue a statistical study between various indicators that reflect the growth of a country and the presence or absence of various elements in preambles across the world. Our study finds that correlations exist between the economic-social-environmental and infrastructural context of a nation-state and different elements in their preambles. Our study rigorously engages with patterns in development indicators across years to provide correlational insights into the role of preambles not just as a dormant reference but as active fragments of the socio-political-economic reality of a nation-state. We hope our article establishes grounds for a further study of the manner in which preambles and the non-political aspects of a nation-state can engage with each other.

scholarly journals Coda: Ten Questions for a Diplomat

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Weisbrode
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
European Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
The People ◽  
Politics And Culture ◽  
Historic Change

AbstractThomas Niles served as a United States foreign service officer from 1962 to 1998. His service included three terms as ambassador: to Canada, the European Community, and Greece. He reflects here on the continuities in the diplomatic profession, and, in particular, on embassies, during a period of notable historic change. While many of the protocols and responsibilities of embassies remained more or less the same as they had been for over a century, there were hints that those, too, were about to change in unforeseen ways, even calling into question the central role of embassies as representing and serving the nation-state, as the other articles in this issue discuss. Nevertheless, to this ambassador, at least, even dramatic changes in technology, politics, and culture rarely happen all at once; and the institutions and the people adapting to them may be more cautious or durable than they sometimes appear in retrospect.

scholarly journals With Eloquence and Humanity? Human Factors/Ergonomics in Sustainable Human Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 940-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dave Moore ◽  
Tim Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Keynote Presentation ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
The People ◽  
Sustainable Human Development ◽  
Social Environmental

This article is based on a keynote presentation given at the 18th Congress of the International Ergonomics Association in Recife, Brazil, February 2012. It considers new, and not so new, approaches and practical roles for the emerging field of human factors/ergonomics (HFE) in sustainable development (SD). The material for this article was largely drawn from the literature in the fields of human development, sustainability, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and social/environmental impact assessment. Identifying the role of HFE in SD is not a simple one and from the outset is complicated by the widely differing ideas in the sustainability literature about what exactly it is we are hoping to sustain. Is it individual companies, business models, cultures, or the carrying capacity of our planet? Or combinations of these? For the purposes of this article, certain assumptions are made, and various emerging opportunities and responsibilities associated with our changing world of work are introduced. First, there are new versions of traditional tasks for us, such as working with the people and companies in the renewable energy sectors. Beyond this, however, it is suggested that there are emerging roles for HFE professionals in transdisciplinary work where we might play our part, for example, in tackling the twinned issues of climate change and human development in areas of significant poverty. In particular we have the tools and capabilities to help define and measure what groups have reason to value, and wish to sustain. It is suggested, that to do this effectively, however, will require a philosophical shift, or perhaps just a philosophical restatement at a collective level, regarding who and what we ultimately serve.

scholarly journals Danger Zones Dead Ahead For The U.S. And China: Prospects And Challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1013
Author(s):  
Linnea B. McCord ◽  
Terry Young ◽  
Peggy J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Danger Zone ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The U.S

To be successful and remain independent, every country must create a prosperous economy, keep peace among its people, maintain political stability, and ensure the security of the people and the country from internal and external threats. Doing all four at the same time is never easy and in a time of economic volatility, change, and uncertainty juggling all four becomes more difficult. This is when countries enter the danger zone where hidden cracks and fissures in a countrys organization and structure could become destabilizing. In this paper we will compare the challenges and prospects for the United States and China as both countries enter the danger zone. The purpose of this paper is to examine how each countrys unique attributes are likely to impact its ability to succeed. We will examine their political, economic and legal systems to determine the strengths and weaknesses of each. We will also assess the role of corruption in each society. Both the United States and China have serious economic, social, political and security issues on the horizon. To solve the problems will require serious sacrifices and pain for a large portion of the populations in both countries. Which form of government will best be able to adapt quickly to the constantly changing environment? Will a serious economic slowdown topple the Communist dictatorship in China? Will gridlock and distrust in the U.S. prevent Americans from adapting fast enough to make the necessary changes in time to save its financial system and economy? Time will tell.

ENGLISH AS THE LINGUA FRANCA OF DEVELOPMENT: FINDING COMMON CORRELATES IN SAUDI ARABIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Arif Ahmed Mohammed H. Al-Ahdal ◽  
Salmeen Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Awaid
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Global Village ◽  
The People ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Natural Choice ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Popular Language ◽  
Political Economic

Technological dependence, interconnectivity of nations, interlinked economies, and interdependent politics across countries in the global village have given a new definition to communication. With one sure though slow thrust, peoples across borders are moving towards what can be seen as one unifying characteristic for the human race: One language to communicate, and the natural choice is English. True, it is Mandarin and not English that is spoken by the largest number of people, but true also is the fact that this is more a matter of natural circumstance than choice. The second most popular language is Spanish but then, it is the English and not Spanish speaking people who are in a position to influence economies, develop trade and move the commerce. In other words, proficiency in English can be directly linked to socio-economic prosperity. In the KSA too, as in the other members of the so-called Developing Bloc of nations, there is a growing consciousness to the fact that to realise the dream of Vision 2030 and to establish a petro-money free economy, the country has to abandon its insular character and adopt a more open-door attitude. One significant factor in the success of this approach will, of course, be the ability of the people to communicate with the world. Hence the need of the hour: Proficiency in English. Globally, researchers have postulated on the effects of English learning on the ‘development’ of limited groups and even individuals. As a corollary to this observation, the role of effective communication and negotiation cannot be overstated in any circumstance that involves people. In fact, ability to ‘communicate in English’ appears to be the catch phrase in academic, political, economic, and even social situations.  However, such endeavours are notably missing in the Saudi Arabian context, given the older policies of keeping ‘outside’ influence at a minimal to preserve the purity of the local culture. The current study presents a catalogue and review of the previous studies linking socio-economic development to English with the aim to establish why and how the country stands to benefit in the long run by empowering the general public with English language.   

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF ARTIFICIAL INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
E. G. Zheleznova
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Common Language ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Political Economic

He necessity of language that would be spoken by all the people in the world, has existed in all times. As a common language that has developed naturally, does not exist, then the world developed the idea of creating an artificial international language, which, among other things, could perform a unifying function. The article discusses the concept of “language" and “artificial language", provides definitions of these concepts, also considers the causes of these concepts and provides an overview of the various artificial languages. The relevance of this work lies in the fact that at the moment of development of our society there is a need to create common language, the purpose of which would be international negotiations or settlement of international conflicts and other political, economic and cultural activities. It is also possible to increase interest in such science of language as interlinguistics, and as a result, further development of linguistics as a whole thing. At the moment there are about five hundred artificial languages, but only a few of them are more or less suitable for real communication. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of artificial international languages within the framework of modern culture and modern society. The objectives of this article: to reveal the very notion of language; to select the types of artificial languages; to give the description of each of the most well-known international artificial languages. In the article we have used the following research methods: analysis, synthesis, and abstracting.

scholarly journals Development of Nation State of Malaysia Based on Mahathir Mohamad’s Leadership Model Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 736-742
Author(s):  
Khairul Azman Mohamad Suhaimy, Et. al.
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Leadership Model ◽  
National Leader ◽  
The People ◽  
Leadership Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of

Each Prime Minister has his or her own leadership and achievements while leading the development of the nation-state. Mahathir Mohamad's leadership and achievements in driving Malaysia's modernization are well known because the effort has succeeded in benefiting Malaysians so that he can be appointed as the Father of Malaysian Modernization. The effectiveness of his leadership can be assessed based on the achievements that have been successfully achieved by the country through the implementation of actions and policies that he led throughout leading the country. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the elements of Mahathir's leadership by tracing his leadership when implementing actions and policies to modernize Malaysia so that it can achieve a proud achievement in the context of the development of the Malaysian nation. This study uses the method of document analysis by analyzing the text of Mahathir's speech as the main source and applying thematic analysis as an analysis approach. The text of the speech was analyzed thematically to identify the themes that exist and refer to the elements of leadership applied by him throughout the implementation of actions and policies to modernize the country. The results of the analysis show that there are 11 elements of leadership practiced by Mahathir such as injecting intellectual, injecting motivation, practicing good values in governing, valuing togetherness, exhibiting ideal influence, organized in leadership, assertive in leading, far-sighted, considerate of each individual, appreciating the contribution of the people, and confident in the ability to lead. Indirectly, the results of the analysis reflect that a country can achieve a proud achievement in the process of modernization if the country's leaders practice certain elements of leadership. The implications of this study, first, reflect the importance of a leader's leadership evaluation based on the achievements that have been achieved because it can identify a set of leadership elements practiced by the leader. Second, it reflects the importance of the role of leaders in determining and shaping the definition of nation-state development that should be highlighted in a country. The contribution of this study is to introduce a leadership model framework based on Mahathir's achievements throughout his administration of the Malaysian nation. In addition, it gives an overview of the elements of his leadership as a successful national leader. This leadership model framework is also suitable to be applied by leaders or related parties involved or interested in leadership-related discussions.

scholarly journals Constitution and Building of Nation-State in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Nazri Muslim ◽  
Wan Zulkifli Wan Hassan ◽  
Khairul Hamimah Mohammad Jodi
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
National Language ◽  
Nation State ◽  
National Unity ◽  
The People ◽  
Diverse Cultures

The building of a nation-state is very relevant to Malaysia in facing various challenges that take place especially in terms of the diverse cultures, languages, ethnic groups and religions. khususnya dari perspektif kepelbagaian culture, language, etnik dan religion. The building of nation-state stems from the existence of the nation and the nation produces a country. Nation-state is the formation of a country based on the process of national unity and consolidated by the bordering of certain territories as its identity. Malaysia comprising of the community of various ethnic groups has faced many challenges in the process of the building of the nation-state involving language, religion, globalisation and constitutional issues. In the context of Malaysia, the building of a nation-state refers to the people of various ethnicity who need to identify themselves with this country, speak in the national language, and support the constitution which is the highest law of the country containing the 'social contract' that needs to be understood in the effort to unite Malaysians. Thus, this article will analyse the role of the constitution as one of the main elements in the building of a nation-state in Malaysia.

Venedikt Yerofeev, Moscow–Petushki (1970): self and others

2018 ◽  
pp. 176-194
Author(s):  
Steven Earnshaw
Keyword(s):  
Social Norms ◽  
The State ◽  
Nation State ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual

In Venedikt Yerofeev’s Moscow Stations the character Venichka, a version of the author, takes an increasingly surreal train ride towards Petushki, a town at the end of a Moscow line which he believes to be like paradise. Unlike other drinker novels where the committed central drinker’s behaviour is regarded as outside social norms, Venichka is surrounded by like-minded Russian souls who also drink continuously. One of the central conceits of the novel explored in this chapter is thus the role of Venichka as a Russian everyman who is simultaneously alienated from the State, and paradoxically also from the people – drinking is his chosen vocation rather than a means of dulling self-medication. Venichka’s alienation is manifest in his ongoing argument with God, Russia and Fate. The chapter assesses how the novel refuses to privilege rationality, philosophy or empiricism in its determination to fully exist in a country/world which lacks any kind of coherence, and offers a comparison between this novel and Exley’s A Fan’s Notes in their treatment of the individual, drink, and the Nation State.

Hit by Populism: Democracy in Ruins?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorina Soare
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
Emotional Appeals ◽  
Post Communism ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Political Economic

Populist parties’ dazzling success has been registered in numerous new and old Member states for a while; populism has occupied a crucial position in Romanian politics since the onset of post-communism, with constant emphasis on the iconic role of the people in the democracy, the role of the leader in public statements and in the party’s organisation, the promotion of Manichean and simplistic solutions to the political/economic agenda, as well as the constant use of direct and emotional appeals, etc. Within this framework, the research question is: can Romanian populism be understood as a “temporary” problem of adjustment and adaptation, or is it a deeper structural effect, which requires further attention, considering its potential threats to the stability of the post-communist regime? Considering populism as a multi-faceted phenomenon that cannot be traced to a unique structure or a single/specific agency, the conclusions suggest the existence of an osmotic relationship between deep-rooted populism and democracy in Romania, in the sense that it is difficult to clearly identify which is the cause of the other. As such, the Romanian specificity stems from the constancy of this phenomenon and, above all, from its potential for contamination: populist cries become national mainstream catchwords.

Industrialization and Occupational Health in Underdeveloped Countries

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray H. Elling
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Economic

This paper examines world political economic relationships, especially the growing disparities between “developed” and underdeveloped countries and the role of multinational corporations in exploiting the people and resources of underdeveloped lands. Workers in these lands are identified as high risk for both new and old forms of occupational health hazards. To protect themselves, workers must establish governments on their own behalf rather than client governments serving external capitalist interests. This article appeared, in modified form, in the Proceedings of the Third National Symposium on Non-Communicable Diseases, a conference which was held in the German Democratic Republic, April 21–24, 1976.

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