Individual-Inclusive Ecosystem Model of Rehabilitation for Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Childcare Institutions

2022 ◽  
pp. 234930032110669
Author(s):  
Josephine Anthony
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Children With Disability ◽  
Action Project ◽  
The Individual

In childcare institutions (CCIs) in India, children with mild or moderate levels of disability are often placed with non-disabled children for care and protection. Generally, children with intellectual disability (ID), learning disability, hearing and speech impairment and multiple disabilities with ID are found to be living in these CCIs. In this best practice article, the challenges faced by these children with disabilities and the potential for inclusion within the CCI are discussed based on the field action project intervention of the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS), Mumbai, with selected government CCIs. The article suggests a multi-pronged intervention approach for the Children with disability (CWD) at the levels of the individual CWD, peer group, CCI and the juvenile justice (JJ) System, which are together recognised as the stakeholders of an ‘inclusive ecosystem’. The article arrives at the ‘Inclusive Ecosystem Model of Rehabilitation’ by drawing from the individual–environment interaction model of disability.

Personal Values Required for Ethical Best Practice during Intrapartum Care

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobeth Mmabyala Louisa Malesela
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Personal Values ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Intrapartum Care ◽  
Performance Reviews ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Women bring into the birthing unit values which include preferences, concerns and expectations that are involved in decision-making during intrapartum care. When midwives fail to meet the women’s values, they experience such care as being inhumane and degrading, thus affecting the childbirth outcomes. The inhumane and degrading care includes a lack of sympathy and empathy, as well as a lack of attention to privacy and confidentiality. Midwives’ possession of the required personal values and the ability to integrate women’s values are vital to enhance ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The aim of the study was to explore and to describe the midwives’ personal values that are required for ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The birthing unit at a public hospital in the Gauteng province of South Africa formed the context of the study. A qualitative research design that was explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature was used. The following personal values emerged: (1) respect, trust and dignity; (2) justice, equality and fairness; (3) freedom of choice and autonomy; (4) integrity, honesty and consistency; (5) good character and personality; (6) self-control and rapport; and (7) open-mindedness and flexibility. The midwives’ personal values form a strong precursor that is crucial for ethical best practice during intrapartum care. The individual midwives, nursing education institutions and health facilities can use the study findings in areas such as reflective midwifery practice, the midwifery curriculum, recruitment and selection processes, and as part of key performance areas and indicators in performance reviews.

On Measuring the Social Opportunity Cost of Labour in the Presence of Tariffs and an Informal Sector (The Distinguishedl Lecture)

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (4I) ◽  
pp. 535-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Social ◽  
Action Project ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Net Benefits ◽  
The Individual

Harberger introduced his influential 1971 essay with the following words. This paper is intended not as a scientific study, nor as a review of the literature, but rather as a tract - an open letter to the profession, as it were - pleading that three basic postulates be accepted as providing a conventional framework for applied welfare economics. The postulates are: (a) The competitive demand price for a given unit measures the value of that unit to the demander; (b) The competitive supply price for a given unit measures the value of that unit to the supplier; and (c) When evaluating the net benefits or costs of a given action (project, programme, or policy), the costs and benefits accruing to each member of the relevant group (e.g., a nation) should normally be added without regard to the individual(s) to whom they accrue.

Disability, Stigma, and Children's Developing Selves

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Misa Kayama ◽  
Wendy Haight ◽  
May-Lee Ku ◽  
Minhae Cho ◽  
Hee Yun Lee
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Cultural Psychology ◽  
Peer Group ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Stigmatization is part of the everyday lives of children with disabilities, their families, and their friends. Negative social encounters, even with perfect strangers, can dampen joyful occasions, add stress to challenging situations, and lead to social isolation. This book describes a program of research spanning a decade that seeks to understand disabilities in their developmental and cultural contexts. The authors are especially interested in understanding adults’ socialization practices that promise to reduce stigmatization in the next generation. Guided by developmental cultural psychology, including the concept of “universalism without uniformity,” the authors focus on the understandings and responses to disability and associated stigmatization of elementary-school educators practicing in Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and the U.S. Educators from all four cultural groups expressed strikingly similar concerns about the impact of stigmatization on the emerging cultural self, both of children with disabilities and their typically developing peers. Educators also described culturally nuanced socialization goals and practices pertaining to inclusive education. In Japan, for instance, educators emphasized the importance of peer group belonging and strategies to support the participation of children with disabilities. In the U.S., educators placed relatively more emphasis on individual development and discussed strategies for the equitable treatment of children with disabilities. Educators in South Korea and Taiwan emphasized the cultivation of compassion in typically developing children. The understanding gained through examination of how diverse individuals address common challenges using cultural resources available in their everyday lives provides important lessons for strengthening theory, policy, and programs.

scholarly journals Inclusion of Children with Disabilities in Disaster Management

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 581
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hun Jang ◽  
Kyoo-Man Ha
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Comprehensive Framework ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Medicine Education

Disability inclusion of children in disaster management means to identify and then eliminate the challenges faced by children with disabilities during disaster occurrence. The present research aimed to explore how the challenges of children with disabilities can be resolved in disaster management. Qualitative content analysis was used to compare individual-stakeholder-based disaster management with all-stakeholder disaster management considering three stakeholders: developed nations, developing nations, and international organizations. A key finding is that these stakeholders must shift from the individual-stakeholder-based approach to the all-stakeholders approach while enhancing disaster medicine, education, monitoring, and implementation stages. A comprehensive framework of disability inclusion is proposed to reflect effective disaster management for these children.

scholarly journals A Tale of Odds and Ratios: Political Preference Formation in Postindustrial Democracies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Wineroither ◽  
Rudolf Metz
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Preference Formation ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gene Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis report surveys four approaches that are pivotal to the study of preference formation: (a) the range, validity, and theoretical foundations of explanations of political preferences at the individual and mass levels, (b) the exploration of key objects of preference formation attached to the democratic political process (i.e., voting in competitive elections), (c) the top-down vs. bottom-up character of preference formation as addressed in leader–follower studies, and (d) gene–environment interaction and the explanatory weight of genetic predisposition against the cumulative weight of social experiences.In recent years, our understanding of sites and processes of (individual) political-preference formation has substantially improved. First, this applies to a greater variety of objects that provide fresh insight into the functioning and stability of contemporary democracy. Second, we observe the reaffirmation of pivotal theories and key concepts in adapted form against widespread challenge. This applies to the role played by social stratification, group awareness, and individual-level economic considerations. Most of these findings converge in recognising economics-based explanations. Third, research into gene–environment interplay rapidly increases the number of testable hypotheses and promises to benefit a wide range of approaches already taken and advanced in the study of political-preference formation.

SITUATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN CONTEMPORARY LEGAL, MEDICAL AND SOCIAL PROCESSES IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
R.N. Terletskaya ◽  
◽  
I.V. Vinyarskaya ◽  
E.V. Antonova ◽  
A.P. Fisenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual

Despite the positive developments in the sphere of ensuring the special needs of disabled children, a comprehensive socio-hygienic assessment of the conditions and lifestyles, as well as of their families, has not been carried out in the recent years. The purpose of the study is to identify, through a sociological survey, the problems that a disabled child encounters in his life, in order to further improve the provision of medical and social assistance to him. Materials and methods of research: 506 legal representatives of minors (aged 0–17 years) with the status of a disabled child were interviewed. Study design: single-center, non-randomized, uncontrolled. Results: the study of the living conditions of a disabled child in the family, the assessment by the parents of the state of his health, the problems arising during the registration of disability, in the provision of medical and rehabilitation assistance, and issues of medical and social support, made it possible to determine the position of this part of the child population in modern legal and medical and social conditions. The main problems were the large number of documents required for the registration of a disability, the long wait for the day of the examination, the remoteness of the location of the medical and social examination bureau, the shortage of specialist doctors, the problem with subsidized drugs, the lack of taking into account the individual needs of the child when carrying out rehabilitation programs, the need to contact different organizations and departments, lack of medical and social assistance, violation of rights in the provision of medical services to a disabled child. Conclusion: The acquired information is important for the further improvement of the provision of medical and social assistance to handicapped children and children with disabilities. The main task today is to develop mechanisms for fulfilling the declared rights and freedoms of persons with disabilities and the obligations undertaken by the state in relation to them. The principle of individualization of the provision of various benefits, depending on the condition of a disabled child, his needs, material security, remains relevant.

Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Meijin Ye ◽  
Zhaoyang Chen ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Haiwang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

THE CONTROL OF CHILD-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO ACCIDENT OCCURRENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
Byron W. Wight
Keyword(s):  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Remedial Program ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Childhood Accidents ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

Two decades ago, in a pioneering study, the Canadian psychiatrist John Tillmann demonstrated that drivers with a record of repeated automobile accidents did not confine their "accident" behavior to the highway. They were—to a substantially greater extent than accident-free drivers— "in trouble" in various aspects of their lives. Their records in a variety of social and legal agencies documented widespread pathology—economic, social, psychological, physical. Tillmann's conclusion, "You drive as you live," has achieved wide currency, but it has taken almost two decades for his conceptual framework to be applied to nonvehicular accidents—and especially to childhood accidents. Where such attempts have been made—where the investigator has broadened his focus on the "mechanics" of the accident to include a view of the personal and social characteristics of the individuals involved—the findings have been striking. Waller's unpublished study of shooting accidents demonstrates, for example, that those who have such accidents are quite different from gun owners who are accident-free. The paper that follows demonstrates some significant differences between mothers suspected of physically abusing their children and mothers of children whose accidents do not involve the suspicion of abuse. Perhaps because the early, largely discredited, concept of "accident proneness" was fundamentally a psychological one, there remains a tendency in many investigators to seek out psychological characteristics that distinguish child-abusing parents from those who do not abuse their children. Since the significant distinguishing psychological variables usually involve unusual sensitivity to social stresses or a general deficiency in coping ability, a remedial program may attempt either psychotherapy of the individual or a general alleviation of the social stresses. The social approach offers a practical alternative to the cost and uncertainty of the psychotherapeutic approach.

scholarly journals The Behavior Of Bureaucracy in Formulation Annual Government Planning Process

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Bureaucratic Behavior

The consistency of regional government budget is actually reflected from adjustment planning and budgeting program, which is really determined by formulating process of annual government planning every year. Formulating process is bureaucracy responsibility, so most of behaviors of bureaucracy where dominated. This research aimed at: (1) describing behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, (2) describing external environment models interaction with behaviors of bureaucracy types in formulating process annual government planning, and (3) explain the formulating process of annual government planning principles with behaviors of bureaucracy types. The results of the research showed that between behaviors of bureaucracy types consists of: career staff type, politics type, professional type, and missioner type, which dominated by the career staff type in formulating process annual government planning. This happens because of the perception, individual decision making, communication patterns, unit leadership, internal organization and culture. While the external environment interaction model of  bureaucratic behavior is a social model the determined the regency leadership factor, factor structure, factor of bureaucratic authority, and cultural factors. While the application of the principles annual government planning formulation based on the type of bureaucratic behavior has basically done but still needs improvement.

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