Stories Lost and Found

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-52
Author(s):  
Patricia E. Enciso

As literacy scholars, we continually engage with the ongoing politics of imagination in everyday life across silenced histories and uncertain futures. In this article, I draw on sociocultural theories and philosophies of imagination as well as narrative and global discourse theories to argue that literacy research, in the context of social inequality, depends on our capacity to imagine otherwise and to tell and listen to stories without colonizing what is unknown and unfamiliar. I illustrate the consequences of (im)mobilizing imagination, and the effort to speak and be heard despite inequalities, by telling stories from my family’s history and by analyzing youth conarrations of their cross-cultural lives.

Author(s):  
Yeşim Kaptan

This article investigates how Turkish audiences conceptualize authenticity in their engagement with foreign television (TV) productions in the case of Danish TV dramas. The theoretical notion of authenticity is juxtaposed with empirical material from fieldwork interactions, focus group interviews, and one-on-one interviews conducted with Turkish audiences between 2016 and 2018. By employing a semiotic analysis of fieldwork data, I argue that Turkish audiences attribute authenticity to the Danish TV drama series according to a socially created modality (truth value of a sign). This article draws on accounts about modality markers in TV drama series such as authentic portrayals of Danish TV characters and plausible-realistic depictions as a verisimilitudinous representation of everyday life. In the context of cross-cultural television viewing practices, the way Turkish audiences attribute meaning to Danish TV series in terms of authenticity, realism, and modality reveals a distinct differentiation between Danish TV dramas and other nationally and globally circulating media products.


2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 71-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sune Qvotrup Jensen ◽  
Ann-Dorte Christensen

Intersektionalitetsbegrebet indebærer, at sociale differentieringsformer som køn, klasse, etnicitet og ”race” er gensidigt konstituerende både på et identitetsmæssigt og strukturelt niveau. Begrebet har haft stor gennemslagskraft og bidraget positivt til fornyelse af dansk og international kønsforskning. Da begrebet rummer potentialer til analyser af komplekse sociale differentieringer, er det imidlertid også relevant for en bredere sociologi. Nutidige højt differentierede samfund fordrer således begreber og metodologier, som er egnede til at gribe kompleksitet. Intersektionalitetstænkningen har teorihistoriske rødder i amerikansk sort standpunktsfeminisme. I Danmark blev begrebet først anvendt af poststrukturalistiske socialpsykologer, som gentænkte det og gjorde det velegnet til at analysere, hvordan komplekse identiteter skabes i hverdagslivet. Senere er begrebet blevet anvendt af kønsforskere med andre faglige og videnskabsteoretiske udgangspunkter. I artiklen fremhæves det, at intersektionalitetsbegrebet kan anvendes til at producere forskellige typer sociologisk viden. I den forbindelse præsenteres en typologi over forskellige tilgange til intersektionalitetsanalyser, som bruges som afsæt til at skitsere tre eksempler på analyser af social ulighed og eksklusion. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Sune Qvotrup Jensen and Ann-Dorte Christensen: Inter-sectionality as a Sociological Concept Contemporary highly differentiated societies require concepts and methodologies which are suited for grasping complexity. Intersectionality is a fruitful approach to analyze this complexity because social forms of differentiation such as gender, class, ethnicity and “race” are understood as mutually co-constructing at the level of individual identities and at the level of social structures. Intersectionality is a travelling concept which is theoretically rooted in black American feminism. In Denmark, the concept was first used by post-structuralist social psychologists, who adapted it to analyzing how complex identities were created in everyday life. Later on the concept was later taken up by gender researchers within the social sciences. This article analyses how the concept of intersectionality can be used to produce different types of sociological knowledge. It introduces a typology of approaches to intersectionality analyses, which serves as the backdrop for three examples of analyses of social inequality and exclusion. Key words: Intersectionality, complexity, social differentiation, gender, class, ethnicity.


Author(s):  
Felicidad García-Sánchez ◽  
José Gómez-Isla ◽  
Roberto Therón ◽  
Juan Cruz-Benito ◽  
José Carlos Sánchez-Prieto

This chapter presents a new approach of a quantitative analysis used to research the understanding of visual literacy issues. The objective of the research is to find common patterns, opinions, and behaviors between different people regarding the use of visual communication and people's state of visual literacy, while also considering the possible cultural differences related. To explain visual literacy and its implications, the theoretical background about the visual literacy research field is presented first. Then, also within the section on background, the chapter presents the main concepts related to culture, and how it and visual literacy can be analyzed together to enable cross-cultural analysis. To conduct these cross-cultural analyses, this chapter proposes a new kind of quantitative questionnaire-based instrument that includes a section to measure the cultural characteristics of the individual and their level of literacy. This instrument proposal is the main result, since the research field of visual literacy lacks this kind of quantitative approach.


Author(s):  
Jennifer Patico

This chapter introduces the argument of the book: that tensions in the way middle-class parents treat children’s food reflect the influence of an underlying ethic that is linked with neoliberal capitalism and that shapes social inequality in the United States. Several literatures and subthemes are introduced, including the politics of parenting in the United States; middle-class aesthetics and anxieties, particularly as these relate to parenting and food; and theories of neoliberalism and its impacts on selfhood and everyday life. In addition, this chapter describes the research setting of the book: “Hometown,” a K–8 charter school and the urban, gentrifying area of Atlanta in which it is located. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of the ethnographic methods used to collect materials for this book, including reflexive discussion of the ethnographer’s positioning.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 180391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Floyd ◽  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Julija Baranova ◽  
Joe Blythe ◽  
Mark Dingemanse ◽  
...  

Gratitude is argued to have evolved to motivate and maintain social reciprocity among people, and to be linked to a wide range of positive effects—social, psychological and even physical. But is socially reciprocal behaviour dependent on the expression of gratitude, for example by saying ‘thank you’ as in English? Current research has not included cross-cultural elements, and has tended to conflate gratitude as an emotion with gratitude as a linguistic practice, as might appear to be the case in English. Here, we ask to what extent people express gratitude in different societies by focusing on episodes of everyday life where someone seeks and obtains a good, service or support from another, comparing these episodes across eight languages from five continents. We find that expressions of gratitude in these episodes are remarkably rare, suggesting that social reciprocity in everyday life relies on tacit understandings of rights and duties surrounding mutual assistance and collaboration. At the same time, we also find minor cross-cultural variation, with slightly higher rates in Western European languages English and Italian, showing that universal tendencies of social reciprocity should not be equated with more culturally variable practices of expressing gratitude. Our study complements previous experimental and culture-specific research on gratitude with a systematic comparison of audiovisual corpora of naturally occurring social interaction from different cultures from around the world.


2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 468-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Petrov ◽  
Lidia A. Mazhul

There exist various sociological (and pseudo-sociological) legends about distribution of the population of different countries over the level of mental development, cultural activeness, and related matters. Some of these distributions are supposed to deal with sharp social inequality within the population; on the contrary, other legends treat such distributions as rather homogeneous. So it is desirable to compare appropriate distributions in different countries, the method of measurement being free of concrete cultural peculiarities capable of distorting the results (the phenomenon which is usual in sociological and psychological cross-cultural studies). Exactly such method of measurements was derived in the framework of the systemic-informational approach. The model comes to a certain index measured in the ratio scale. So the sociological investigation involving a sample of the population, should be realized, permitting to build the so-called Lorenzs curve dependence of the share of the population with the given value of the index, on the values of the index. The difference between this distribution and absolutely democratic one (homogeneous, responding to equal mental wealth of all respondents), is Gini coefficient, which can be used to measure the degree of mental inequality within the population of each region or country, irrespective of its national cultural peculiarities. Such measurements were realized in several sociological investigations involving about 50 000 respondents; this approach can be used to compare cultural inequality in different countries.


1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Davidson

AbstractSchizophrenia has historically been considered a severe psychiatric disorder with a chronic and progressive course; an assumption that has shaped both clinical research and public policy. Recent studies have suggested, however, that many people recover from this disorder to varying degrees, prompting new research approaches that focus on factors influencing improvement as well as pathology. An empirical-phenomenological approach appears especially promising as an avenue to investigating the active role the person may play in improvement. The dimensions of everyday life that are discussed as providing a conceptual framework for investigations of the active role of the person are intentionality, temporality, and meaning. Within this framework a four-step process of recovering and reconstructing the self in schizophrenia is then delineated, with concrete illustrations of each step drawn from interviews with one young woman with schizophrenia. The findings are taken to represent the kinds of valuable insights that may be garnered from an empirical-phenomenological approach to research built upon a recognition of the importance of the dimensions of intentionality, temporality, and meaning in the everyday life of those afflicied with severe mental illness. There is only the fight to recover what has been lost And found and lost again and again. T. S. Eliot


10.12737/5742 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дубинский ◽  
Vladimir Dubinskiy

In this issue we are starting to publish the research paper presented by V.I. Dubinskiy. The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi- cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge of the student of the language and developing an active communicative approach to speech interaction.


10.12737/7160 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dubinskiy

In this issue we are starting to publish the research paper presented by V.I. Dubinskiy. The author aims at demonstrating non-verbal means of communi- cation in the German language as well as showing the way they are used in everyday life and the specifics of teaching them further cross-cultural communication with Germans. Knowing non-verbal means of communication typical of native speakers means broadening the general knowledge of the student of the language and developing an active communicative approach to speech interaction.


2005 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 795-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Henrich ◽  
Robert Boyd ◽  
Samuel Bowles ◽  
Colin Camerer ◽  
Ernst Fehr ◽  
...  

Researchers from across the social sciences have found consistent deviations from the predictions of the canonical model of self-interest in hundreds of experiments from around the world. This research, however, cannot determine whether the uniformity results from universal patterns of human behavior or from the limited cultural variation available among the university students used in virtually all prior experimental work. To address this, we undertook a cross-cultural study of behavior in ultimatum, public goods, and dictator games in a range of small-scale societies exhibiting a wide variety of economic and cultural conditions. We found, first, that the canonical model – based on self-interest – fails in all of the societies studied. Second, our data reveal substantially more behavioral variability across social groups than has been found in previous research. Third, group-level differences in economic organization and the structure of social interactions explain a substantial portion of the behavioral variation across societies: the higher the degree of market integration and the higher the payoffs to cooperation in everyday life, the greater the level of prosociality expressed in experimental games. Fourth, the available individual-level economic and demographic variables do not consistently explain game behavior, either within or across groups. Fifth, in many cases experimental play appears to reflect the common interactional patterns of everyday life.


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