scholarly journals Evaluation of the role of captopril on clozapine-induced cardiotoxicity and hematotoxicity in adult male albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 239784731769653
Author(s):  
Omaima I Abdel Hamid ◽  
Marwa G Ahmed ◽  
Hanan MA Hassaneine ◽  
Hayam E Rashed
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Group I

Clozapine (CLZ) is considered the most effective drug in treatment of resistant schizophrenia. However, its cardiotoxic effect has raised concerns about its safety. Captopril is a well-known angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor with unique antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of captopril against CLZ-induced myocarditis, and since both drugs have hematotoxic effects, this study aimed to clarify the effect of their combined use on the bone marrow. The study was conducted for 4 weeks on 50 adult male albino rats divided into five groups: group I (negative control), group II (positive control), group III treated with captopril 5 mg/kg/day, group IV treated with CLZ 25 mg/kg/day, and group V treated with captopril (5 mg/kg) 1 hour before CLZ (25 mg/kg/day). CLZ group showed a significant increase in serum troponin I, marked histopathological changes, and immunohistochemical staining of DNA degradation product 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG). It significantly increased malondialdehyde level and decreased glutathione peroxidase. Captopril coadministration decreased the histopathological hallmarks and biochemical marker of myocarditis and attenuated CLZ effects on the oxidative stress parameters and 8-OHdG, suggesting its protective action against CLZ-induced myocarditis. Complete blood count and bone marrow evaluation was normal indicating that captopril, in the protective dose given, didn’t increase the risk of CLZ-induced hematotoxicity

scholarly journals Differential Expression of CD3, TNF-α, and VEGF Induced by Olanzapine on the Spleen of Adult Male Albino Rats and the Possible Protective Role of Vitamin C

Biomedicines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Sahar Youssef ◽  
Marwa Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Group Ii

Olanzapine is an antipsychotic drug effective in the treatment of stress-associated psychiatric illnesses, but its effect on the spleen remains unclear. Vitamin C is essential for the optimum function of the immune system. We aim to investigate the effect of Olanzapine on spleen structures and to assess the protective effect of vitamin C. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: group (I), a control; group (II), rats were given vitamin C at 40 mg/kg body weight; group (III), rats were given Olanzapine at 2 mg/kg body weight; and group (IV), rats were given vitamin C and Olanzapine at the same dose of group (II) and group (III) for one month. The hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) of the olanzapine treated group showed focal areas of cellular depletion and a decrease in the size of the white pulp. The red pulp was expanded and showed marked congestion and dilatation of blood sinusoids. Cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3) was significantly reduced, however both tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were significantly higher. The administration of vitamin C repaired structural and immunohistochemical changes via increased CD3 and decreased TNF-α and VEGF. Therefore, the oxidative and the inflammatory pathways may be the possible mechanisms underlying olanzapine immunotoxicity. Vitamin C exerted immune modulator and antioxidant effects against olanzapine.

scholarly journals Assessment the Genotoxic Potential of Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline at Maximum Therapeutic Doses for Four-Week Treatment in Experimental Male Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Imad A. Al-Obaidi ◽  
Nada N. Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Hydrochloride Solution

Abstract At any moment, the continuous usage of medications can accompanied by DNA damage and the accumulation of such damages can cause serious consequences. Antidepressants are long-term used drugs and the incidence of their genotoxic impacts cannot be excluded. Therefore, this work was designed to investigate the possible genotoxic effects of the commonly used antidepressants (fluoxetine and amitriptyline) in adult male rats. Detection of DNA damage in individual cells was assessed by comet and micronucleus assays in three different cell populations i.e. liver, testis and bone marrow tissues of 24 swiss albino adult male rats. The animals were randomly allocated into three groups of 8 rats each: Group I - rats orally-administered distilled water via gavage tube for four weeks as a negative control. Group II - rats orally-treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride solution (7.2mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks. Group III - rats orally-treated with amitriptyline hydrochloride solution (27mg/kg/day) via gavage tube for four weeks. The results showed that both drugs (Group II and Group III) induced the same extent of DNA damage, as evidenced by a significantly higher DNA fragmentation in liver and testis tissues with increased frequencies of micronuclei formation in bone marrow tissues as compared with the negative control (Group I). These findings indicates that both Fluoxetine and Amitriptyline have genotoxic potentials and can induce the same extent of cytogenetic damage in rats. Special precautions and medical supervision should be taken in consideration with their uses.

Protective effects of olmesartan and l-carnitine on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malek M. Aziz ◽  
Mai A. Abd El Fattah ◽  
Kawkab A. Ahmed ◽  
Helmy M. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Group I ◽  
Creatine Kinase Mb

Doxorubicin (DOX), an anthracycline antibiotic, is an important antineoplastic agent due to its high antitumor efficacy in hematological as well as in solid malignancies. The clinical use of DOX is limited due to its cardiotoxic effects. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of olmesartan (Olm), l-carnitine (L-CA), and their combination in cardiotoxicity induced by DOX in rats. Male albino rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8): group I: normal control, group II: L-CA, group III: Olm, group IV: DOX. The other three groups were treated with Olm (10 mg/kg), L-CA (300 mg/kg), and their combination for 2 weeks after induction of cardiotoxicity by a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg). In the results, DOX showed a significant elevation in serum troponin I, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) together with increased inflammation manifested by the rise of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), intercellular adhesion molecules-1 (ICAM-1), interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β), myeloperoxidase (MPO), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in cardiac tissues as well as DOX-induced oxidative stress by increasing in malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in heart tissues. In addition, caspase-3 activity was boosted as indication of increased apoptosis. On the other hand, administration of L-CA and Olm attenuated the DOX-evoked disturbances in the abovementioned parameters. In addition, DOX exhibited echocardiographic changes and severe histopathological changes, which were significantly reversed by L-CA and Olm treatment. In conclusion, the present study data confirm the protective role of L-CA and Olm in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be related to its antioxidant, antiinflammatory, and antiapoptotic agents.

scholarly journals Amlodipine besylate impairs the morphology of bone marrow in adult male wistar rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 867-872
Author(s):  
AA Akinlolu ◽  
OK Ghazali ◽  
LB Ayantunji ◽  
GO Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Dose Dependent

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. In adult man, the treatment regimen is 5 or 10 mg daily. This study evaluated the effects of prolonged oral administration of Amlodipine Besylate on the morphology of bone marrow in adult male Wistar rats. Sixteen rats (140 - 190 g) comprising of four groups were employed in the study. Rats of Control Group I received physiological saline orally while rats of Experimental Groups II - IV received oral administrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of Amlodipine Besylate respectively for nine weeks. Histo-pathological examinations of the bone marrow showed normal cytoarchitecture of erythrocytes and leukocytes in rats of Control Group I. However, dose-dependent degeneration and lyses of erythrocytes and leukocytes were observed in amlodipine-treated rats. In conclusion, impaired morphology of the bone marrow were observed in amlodipine-treated adult male Wistar ratsKey words: Amlodipine Besylate, bone marrow, morphology, rats.

scholarly journals The possible protective effect of Panax ginseng on experimentally induced colchicine myopathy in adult male albino rats: A histological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Aiman Al-Maathadi ◽  
Sinan Farhan ◽  
Jihad Alzyoud ◽  
Aiman Al-Qtaitata
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Ginseng Extract ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Myopathy is one of the side effects of colchicine, manifested as pain, dysfunction, and weakness of muscles. Ginseng extract antioxidant  and anti-inflammatory activities have been reported in muscular tissue. This study was conducted to investigate whether administration of ginseng ameliorates colchicine-induced skeletal muscles damage in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly  divided into four groups (ten/group) – Group I (control group): rats received normal diet and orally given normal saline, Group II: ginseng extract was administered via oral gavage daily for one month at the doses of 300 mg/kg, Group III (Colchicine treated group): rats were  given colchicine (50 μg/kg/day) via oral gavage for one month, and Group IV: concomitant administration of Ginseng and colchicine for one month. Serum creatine kinase (CK) levels were measured, and skeletal muscles specimens were processed for light and electron microscopic examination. Administration of colchicine (group III) showed elevated serum CK, and histologically myofibrillar disarray foci together with cellular infiltration and edema. Group IV showed reduction in most of those manifestations. Concomitant administration of ginseng with colchicine ameliorated most of the symptoms related to colchicine induced-myopathy.

scholarly journals Eff ects of hemin, a heme oxygenase-1 inducer in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis and associated lung injury in adult male albino rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Aziz ◽  
M. Y. Kamel ◽  
R. A. Rifaai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Pulmonary Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractObjective. The aim of the current study was to assess the protective outcome of hemin, a heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inducer on L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Acute pancreatitis (AP) is considered to be a critical inflammatory disorder with a major impact on the patient health. Various theories have been recommended regarding the pathophysiology of AP and associated pulmonary complications.Methods. Twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: control group, acute pancreatitis (AP), hemin pre-treated AP group, and hemin post-treated AP group.Results. Administration of hemin before induction of AP significantly attenuated the L-arginine- induced pancreatitis and associated pulmonary complications characterized by the increasing serum levels of amylase, lipase, tumor necrosis factor-α, nitric oxide, and histo-architectural changes in pancreas and lungs as compared to control group. Additionally, pre-treatment with hemin significantly compensated the deficits in total antioxidant capacities and lowered the elevated malondialdehyde levels observed with AP. On the other hand, post-hemin administration did not show any protection against L-arginine-induced AP.Conclusions. The current study indicates that the induction of HO-1 by hemin pre-treatment significantly ameliorated the L-arginine-induced pancreatitis and associated pulmonary complications may be due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals Histological study on the effect of single prolonged stress model on the hippocampus of adult male albino rat

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Moussa ◽  
N Elshakaa ◽  
N Kalleny ◽  
D Elwaseef
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Single Prolonged Stress ◽  
Group I ◽  
Gfap Expression ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Abstract Introduction: Post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder which occurs after the experience of life threatening events as natural disasters, military combat, serious accidents, or violent sexual assaults. It has a severe impact on quality of life. Aim of the work to study the effect of single prolonged stress on the structure of hippocampus in adult male albino rats. Materials and Methods 20 adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups control group (group I) and single prolonged stress group examined at day 1(group II), day 7 (group III) and day 14 (groupIV). Rats were restrained by placing them in plastic restrainers, immediately followed by 20 minutes of forced swimming in 20–24°C water. Rats were exposed to ether until general anesthesia then they were placed in their home cages. At the end of the experiment, the hippocampi were taken and processed for light microscopic study. Results pyramidal cells of the CA3 region of the hippocampus showed progressive degeneration with passage of time from day 1 to day 14 with decrease in thickness. Transient increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the astrocytes of the hippocampus was detected at day 1 followed by reduction in GFAP expression started at day seven and continued to day 14. Conclusion post-traumatic stress PTSD causes significant structural hippocampal neuronal damage affecting the CA3 hippocampal subfield.

scholarly journals Amlodipine besylate impairs the morphology of bone marrow in adult male wistar rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 963-968
Author(s):  
AA Adelaja ◽  
OK Ghazali ◽  
LB Ayantunji ◽  
GO Omotoso
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Dose Dependent

Amlodipine is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used in the treatment of hypertension and angina. In adult man, the treatment regimen is 5 or 10 mg daily. This study evaluated the effects of prolonged oral administration of Amlodipine Besylate on the morphology of bone marrow in adult male Wistar rats. Sixteen rats (140 - 190 g) comprising of four groups were employed in the study. Rats of Control Group I received physiological saline orally while rats of Experimental Groups II - IV received oral administrations of 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg bodyweight of Amlodipine Besylate respectively for nine weeks. Histo-pathological examinations of the bone marrow showed normal cytoarchitecture of erythrocytes and leukocytes in rats of Control Group I. However, dose-dependent degeneration and lyses of erythrocytes and leukocytes were observed in amlodipine-treated rats. In conclusion, impaired morphology of the bone marrow were observed in amlodipine-treated adult male Wistar ratsKey words: Amlodipine Besylate, bone marrow, morphology, rats.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

Histological Study On Using Ileal Submucosa In Repairing Urinary Bladder Defect In Adult Albino Rat

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman Gomaa El Saeed ◽  
Manal H Moussa ◽  
Gehad A Hammouda ◽  
Sahar M. M Omar
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Graft Area

Abstract Background Repairing urinary bladder (UB) defect by enterocystoplasty remains the gold standard surgical bladder reconstruction procedure to increase the capacity and compliance of dysfunctional bladders. However, many complications were recorded. Aim of the work This work aimed to compare the consequences of reconstruction of urinary bladder defect using untreated small intestinal submucosal (SIS) matrix versus seeded and unseeded decellularized SIS matrix. Material and Methods Fifty female albino rats were used in this study. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I (Control) included ten adult rats from which ileal tissue was obtained. Group II included ten adult rats in which their UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS. Group III included twenty adult rats that were subdivided into two subgroups, 10 rats each; Subgroup IIIA where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS and subgroup IIIb where rats had their UB defect repaired by acellular SIS seeded with adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs).Ten young rats were used for preparation of AMSCs. Morphometric and statistical analysis were also performed. Results In rats where UB defect was repaired by untreated cellular SIS, the graft area showed loss of epithelial polarity, presence of intraepithelial cysts and occasional extension of urothelium to the outer surface forming fistula. There were areas of metaplasia with the appearance PAS positive cells. In the lamina propria, there was areas of lymphocytic infiltration together with significant increase in the collagen fiber deposition (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease thickness of muscle layer as compared to control (p < 0.05). In rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS, urothelium in the graft area showed occasional squamous metaplasia and often the urothelium extended to the deeper layers forming Brunn's nest. There was minimal muscle regeneration in the graft area. However, in rats where UB defect was repaired by acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs, the urothelium in the graft area was nearly similar to control group with uniform urothelium thickness, minimal collagen fibers deposition and thick muscle layer that showed no significant difference from the control (p > 0.05). Conclusion Acellular SIS seeded with AMSCs showed better results compared to non-seeded and cellular SIS in reconstructing urinary bladder defects.

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