scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI ISOLAT SENYAWA GOLONGAN TERPENOID DARI BIJI PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus SECARA IN VIVO PADA KELINCI JANTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Test Substance ◽  
Color Test ◽  
Group 15

research on the isolation of terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) and test its activity against Staphylococcus aureus in vivo in male rabbits. This research aims to prove that the terpenoid compounds isolated from the seeds of papaya (Carica papaya L.) can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vivo. Separation of terpenoid compounds by column chromatography ((eluent n-hexane: ethyl acetate: ethanol)) resulted in 25 eluates, and then merged based on the results of identification by TLC ((nhexane: ethyl acetate (8: 2)) and the color test reagent Lieburmann -Burchard produce 5 fraction groups. fraction D showed positive terpenoids with Rf 0.75 and the color purple with Lieburmann-Burchard reagent. study using 15 rabbits were divided into 5 groups: P1 (negative control), P2 (positive control) , P3 (5% of the test group), P4 (10% of the test group), P5 (test group 15%). each group was given the intracutaneous Staphylococcus aureus as 0,2ml on the backs of rabbits. Having symptoms of infection each group was given the test substance 3 times a day topically, the observed parameter is the diameter of the wound, and histopathological observations performed on days 3,6 and 9 Analysis of the results of research conducted using ANSIRA showed highly significant differences between groups (p <0.05). Then proceed with the analysis of the results of the analysis HSD test showed highly significant differences in the test group 5% to 10% of the test group and the test group 15%. Isolates terpenoid class of compounds from the seeds of papaya (Carica Papaya L.) with a concentration of 10% and 15% can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, male rabbits

scholarly journals EFEK SELENIUM OKSIKLORIDA TERHADAP AKTIVITAS IMUNOMODULATOR DARI EKSOPOLISAKARIDA Lactobacillus plantarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fifi Afiati ◽  
D. C. Agustina ◽  
S. Wiryowidagdo ◽  
Kusmiati Kusmiati ◽  
Atit Kanti
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group A

Lactobacillus plantarum (LAB) is a group of lactic acid bacteria that can produce exopolysaccharide (EPS). The objective of this study was to determine the effect of adding selenium chloride oxide (SeOCl2) to the increased immunomodulatory potential of EPS L. plantarum Y-1.2. The experiment was conducted in vivo using macrophage cells of peritoneal fluid of mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus. EPS was obtained by precipitation at 4 °C. Identification test using HPLC showed that crude EPS of L. plantarum Y-1.2 containing glucose monomers for value retention times 4.198 and 4.204, crude EPS approaches the retention time of glucose BP 4.234. Testing of immuno-modulatory divided into six treatment groups. Group 1-3 as the control group, a positive control (Stimuno), negative control (crude EPS 50 mg/kg BW in mice), normal control (distilled water). Group 4-6 as the test group was given crude EPS 50 mg/kg BW in mice and selenium oxide chloride doses of 0.13 µg; 0.26 µg; 0.52 µg. The test results showed a dosage of 0.52 µg selenium chloride oxide to crude EPS of 50 mg/kg BW in mice could increase the activity and phagocytic capacity amounted to 28.06% and 28.39%

scholarly journals Effect of Gooseberry (Physalis angulata) Ethanol Extract in Wistar Rats Carrageenan-Induced Paw Oedema

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ami Nurlatifah ◽  
Eka Hendryanny ◽  
Yuniarti Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sample Test ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Edema Inhibition

Gooseberry is an herbaceous plant that contains flavonoids. Flavonoid is one of the secondary metabolites that have an anti-inflammatory effect. This study aims to determine the effect of using ethanol extract of gooseberry as an anti-inflammatory in carrageenan-induced paw edema. This study was in vivo experimental laboratory using a completely randomized design of 25 Wistar rats and divided into five groups. The negative control group was given carboxymethylcellulose. The positive control group has given diclofenac sodium 27 mg/200 gBW. The sample test group has given ethanol extract of gooseberry with 3.6 mg/200 gBW, 5.4 mg/200 gBW, and 7.2 mg/200 gBW dosage. Paw rat’s inflammation induced by injecting carrageenan and measured from 1st to 6th hour using a pletismometer. This study has conducted at Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Islam Bandung, and the Laboratory of Therapy and Pharmacology, Universitas Padjajaran, from June to September 2019. The result of average edema volume paw rats using the Kruskal-Wallis test on the 6th hour was p=0.02 (p<0.05). The Mann-Whitney test was p<0.05, showing differences between negative control and positive control and sample test groups. One-way ANOVA test on the percentage of edema inhibition between positive control and sample test group had p=0.107. It shows no significant difference. An effect of ethanol of extract of gooseberries as an anti-inflammatory with the highest percentage of edema inhibition is 5.4 mg/200 gBW dosage. The flavonoid content in gooseberries is thought to inhibit the formation of prostaglandins by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzyme. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of gooseberry can be anti-inflammatory. EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL CIPLUKAN (PHYSALIS ANGULATA) TERHADAP EDEMA TELAPAK KAKI TIKUS GALUR WISTAR YANG DIINDUKSI KARAGENANCiplukan adalah tanaman herbal yang mengandung flavonoid. Flavonoid merupakan salah satu metabolit sekunder yang dapat memberikan efek antiinflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan ekstrak etanol ciplukan sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus yang diinduksi karagenan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian laboratorium eksperimental in vivo menggunakan desain rancangan acak lengkap pada 25 ekor tikus galur Wistar yang terbagi ke dalam lima kelompok. Kelompok kontrol negatif diberi carboxymethilcellulose. Kontrol positif diberi sodium diklofenak 27 mg/200 gBB. Kelompok uji diberi ekstrak etanol ciplukan dengan dosis 3,6 mg/200 gBB; 5,4 mg/200 gBB; dan 7,2 mg/200 gBB. Induksi inflamasi dilakukan dengan menginjeksikan karagenan pada telapak kaki tikus, lalu diukur menggunakan pletismometer dari jam ke-1 hingga jam ke-6. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmasi, Universitas Islam Bandung dan Laboratorium Farmasi dan Terapi, Universitas Padjajaran dari bulan Juni hingga September 2019. Volume rerata telapak kaki tikus pada jam ke-6 menggunakan Uji Kruskal-Wallis adalah p=0,02 (p<0,05). Hasil Uji Mann-Whitney diperoleh p<0,05 yang menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif serta kelompok uji. Uji one-way ANOVA pada persentase penghambatan edema antara kontrol positif dan kelompok uji diperoleh p=0,107 yang menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna. Terdapat pengaruh ekstrak etanol ciplukan sebagai antiinflamasi dengan persentase penghambatan edema tertinggi pada dosis 5,4 mg/200 gBB. Kandungan flavonoid pada ciplukan diduga mampu menghambat pembentukan prostaglandin dengan menginhibisi enzim siklooksigenase. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol ciplukan dapat digunakan sebagai antiinflamasi.

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Etanol dan Fraksi-Fraksinya Dari Tiga Varietas Jahe Sebagai Agen Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Dewi Dianasari ◽  
Endah Puspitasari ◽  
Indah Yulia Ningsih ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Fauzia Ken Nasititi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Red Ginger

One of the natural ingredients that to be used to inhibit bacterial growth is the Zingiber officinale. In Indonesia, there are 3 types of ginger which are distinguished by morphology, namely ‘emprit ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum), ‘ gajah’ ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Officinarum), and red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum). This research was conducted to determine the activity of extracts and fractions of three ginger varieties in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus using the disc diffusion method. The test group consisted of ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction from 3 ginger varieties, concentrations of 5, 10, 20% w / v, gentamicin 10 μg (positive control) and 10% DMSO (negative control). The test results showed that ethanol extracts and fractions from the rhizomes of three varieties of ginger have the ability to inhibit S. aureus at concentrations of 5, 10, and 20% w / v, increasing the concentration will increase the diameter of the inhibition zone. At a concentration of 20% of all samples, the one with the greatest resistance was the n-hexane fraction (diameter of inhibitory zone of emprit ginger 9.80 mm, elephant ginger 9.78 mm, and red ginger 9.90 mm). The difference in ginger variety only affects the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract, but not the n-hexane and ethyl acetate fractions.

In Vitro and In Vivo Neutralizing Activity of Uvaria chamae Leaves Fractions on the Venom of Naja nigricollis in Albino Rat and Bovine Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-311
Author(s):  
Ada Gabriel ◽  
Mamman Mohammed ◽  
Mohammed G. Magaji ◽  
Yusuf P. Ofemile ◽  
Ameh P. Matthew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Haemolytic Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aqueous Residue

Background: Snakebite envenomation is a global priority ranked top among other neglected tropical diseases. There is a folkloric claim that Uvaria chamae is beneficial for the management of snakebite and wounds in African ethnobotanical surveys. Besides, there are many registered patents asserting the health benefits of U. chamae. Objective: This study aimed to investigate U. chamae’s potentials and identify candidates for the development of tools for the treatment and management of N. nigricollis envenomation. Methods: Freshly collected U. chamae leaves were air-dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol. The median lethal dose of the extract was determined and further fractionated with n-hexane, n-butanol and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was tested for neutralizing effect against venom-induced haemolytic, fibrinolytic, hemorrhagic, and cytotoxic activities. Results: U. chamae fractions significantly (p<0.05) neutralized the haemolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom in n-butanol; 31.40%, n-hexane; 33%, aqueous residue; 39.60% and ethyl acetate; 40.70% at the concentration of 100mg/ml of each fraction against 10mg/ml of the snake venom when compared to the positive control. The fibrinolytic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized in n-hexane at 73.88%, n-butanol; 72.22% and aqueous residue; 72.22% by the fractions of U. chamae. In addition, haemorrhagic activity of N. nigricollis venom was significantly (p<0.05) neutralized by U. chamae fractions at the concentrations of 100mg/ml, 200mg/ml and 400mg/ml except for n-butanol and aqueous residues at 400 mg/ml. Conclusion: U. chamae leaves fractions possess a high level of protection against N. nigricollis venoms-induced lethality and thus validate the pharmacological rationale for its usage in the management of N. nigricollis envenomation.

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MEKAI (Pycnarrhena cauliflora DIELS.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Yayuk Bulam Sarifati ◽  
Sjarif Ismail ◽  
Khemasili Kosala
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Measurement ◽  
Eye Pain

Mekai leaves (Pycnarrhena cauliflora Diels.) (P. cauliflora). Are known to contain flavonoid compounds, tannins and phenolics that act as antibacterial agents and are used in the treatment of eye pain. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the examples of bacterial diseases of eye pain and also a major cause of many infections in communities and health facilities with cases of resistance to various antimicrobial agents. The purpose of this study was to prove the antibacterial activity of mekai leaves ethanol extract against S. aureus bacteria. This research is an experimental research. The stages of this research began by extracting mekai leaves using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. Antibacterial activity was tested by the disc method (Kirby-Bauer) using ethanol extract concentrations of mekai leaves (EPC) 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%, positive control using 25 μg amoxicillin and negative control using DMSO 10%. The measurement results of inhibition zones of mekai leaf ethanol extract 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% respectively were 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.32 mm, 8.67 mm, 9.00 mm, 8.67 mm, and 8.33 mm. While the positive control measurement of 25 μg amoxicillin against S. aureus is 28.67 mm and the measurement of 10% negative DMSO control does not produce inhibitory zones, so it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of mekai leaves has antibacterial activity, but the area of ​​inhibition zone produced is smaller than amoxicillin 25 µg. The results of statistical tests using Mann Whitney between negative controls with all EPC concentrations obtained significant differences with p values ​​<0.05, it can be concluded that there is antibacterial activity produced at all EPC concentrations.

scholarly journals In-Vivo Effectiveness of 5% Azadirachta indica Oil Cream as Anti-Scabies

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Patihul Husni ◽  
Mayang K. Dewi ◽  
Norisca A. Putriana ◽  
Rini Hendriani
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Neem Oil ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Primary Irritation

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by mite Sarcoptes scabiei. Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) has the potential to be used as an anti-parasite due to the presence of azadirachtin compound that is commonly found in the seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate in-vivo effectiveness of neem oil as an anti-scabies. This study used an experimental method.  The effectiveness of the cream as an anti-scabies was tested on New Zealand white rabbits which were infected with scabies. Permethrin cream was used as a positive control and cream base was used as a negative control.  Cream was applied once daily and left for 8 hours. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney. Dermal acute irritation test was performed by applying  0.5 g cream on the rabbit dorsal. We found that 5% neem oil cream was effective as an anti-scabies with 20-21 days recovery time. The recovery time is longer than permethrin cream (7-8 days), but shorter compared to negative control with recovery time over 30 days. Primary irritation index for 5% neem oil creams was 0, indicating negligible irritation category. In conclusion, A. indica cream was effective for the treatment of scabies although its recovery time is shorter than permethrin cream.  Keywords: effectiveness test, irritation test, neem oil cream, scabies

scholarly journals Uji daya hambat ekstrak daun awar-awar (ficus septica burm.f) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri staphylococcus aureus dan eschericia coli

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismiranti D.A. Tuna ◽  
Pemsi M. Wowor ◽  
Henoch Awaloei
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
Empiric Data

Abstract: Awar-awar (Ficus septica Burm.F) is one of the plants that used by comunities. Based from the empiric data, this plant is believed have efficacy as a drug and could treat diseases. Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli are the most frequent causal organism in human bacterial infection. This study aimed to determine whether there is inhibition of leaf extract awar-awar against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli. This was a laboratory experimental with Kirby-Bauer pitting modification at Phytochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory of Sam Ratulangi University Faculty of Mathematics and natural Science. Awar-awar leaf extract was obtained from maceration process with 96% ethanol. Consentration of thick extract that was used were 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12,5 mg/ml. ciprofloxacin was used as positive control,and aquades was used as negative control. The result showed that the average of inhibition diemeters by awar-awar leaves were 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12,5 mg/ml respectively are 27,5 mm, 24,3 mm, 22,3 mm, 21,8 in Staphylococcus aureus, whereas in Eschericia coli were 24,8 mm, 21 mm, 18,3 mm, 17 mm. Conclusion: Awar-awar leaf extract has a potential inhibion effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli.Keywords: awar-awar leaves extract, staphylococcus aureus, eschericia coli, inhibition test. Abstrak: Tanaman awar-awar merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan masyarakat untuk pengobatan. Berdasarkan data empiris, tanaman ini dipercaya memiliki khasiat sebagai obat dan bisa mengobati penyakit. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli merupakan penyebab infeksi utama pada manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya daya hambat ekstrak daun awar-awar terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium dengan modifikasi Kirby-Bauer sumuran di Laboratorium Fitokimia dan Mikrobiologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas sam Ratulangi. Ekstrak daun awar-awar diperoleh dari proses maserasi dengan etanol 96%. Konsentrasi ekstrak kental yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12,5 mg/ml. Siprofloksasin sebagai kontrol positif, dan akuades sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rata-rata diameter zona hambat ekstrak daun awar-awar konsentrasi 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, 12,5 mg/ml berturut-turut ialah 27,5 mm, 24,3 mm, 22,3 mm, 21,8 mm pada bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, sedangkan pada bakteri Eschericia coli ialah 24,8 mm, 21 mm, 18,3 mm, 17 mm. Simpulan: Ekstrak daun awar-awar berpotensi memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Eschericia coli. Kata kunci: ekstrak daun awar-awar, staphylococcus aureus, eschericia coli, uji daya hambat.

scholarly journals In-vivo Antiplasmodial Effect of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine-Nitrofurantoin on Plasmodium berghei- Infected Mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Udeme O. Georgewill ◽  
Festus Azibanigha Joseph ◽  
Elias Adikwu
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Nitrofurantoin (NT) used for the treatment of urinary tract infections may have antiplasmodial activity. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is an artemisinin based combination therapy used for the treatment of malaria. This study evaluated the antiplasmodial effect of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine-nitrofurantoin (DP-NT) on mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Adult Swiss albino mice (30-35 g) of both sexes were used. The mice were randomly grouped, inoculated with Plasmodium berghei, and treated orally with DP (1.7/13.7 mg/kg), NT (57.1 mg/kg) and DP-NT (1.71/13.7/ 57.1 mg/kg), respectively using curative, prophylactic and suppressive tests. The negative control was orally treated with normal saline (0.3 mL), while the positive control was orally treated with chloroquine CQ (10mg/kg). After treatment, blood samples were collected and evaluated for percentage parasitemia, inhibitions and hematological parameters. Liver samples were evaluated for histological changes. The mice were observed for mean survival time (MST). Treatment with DP-NT decreased parasitemia levels when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT prolonged MST when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with significant difference observed at p<0.05. The decrease in packed cell volume, red blood cells, hemoglobin and increase in white blood cells in parasitized mice were significantly restored by DP-NT  when compared to individual doses of DP and NT with difference observed at p<0.05. DP-NT eradicated liver Plasmodium parasite.  NT remarkably increased the antiplasmodial activity of DP. DP-NT may be used for the treatment of malaria.

scholarly journals Study the effect of the mixture alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens and their effect on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Noor Nihad Baker ◽  
Fawzia Ahmed AL-Shanawi
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Peganum Harmala ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Positive Group ◽  
Plant Mixture

this study included the using of the mixture of alcoholic extract Peganum harmala seeds and cones of Cupressus sempervirens at concentrations (1+50) mgml. And then experimentation on the mice injected with protoscolices and its comparison with the mice injected with only protoscolices (as positive control group), and the mice injected with normal saline (as negative control) to investigate the effect of plant mixture in vivo, it appeared of getting the reduction of hydatid cyst with percentage 100% in processed group with the mixture compared with positive group as its absence of the hydatid cyst in processed group. The lowering significantly occurred in the averages of the weights of the liver and spleen and the averages of its distension in processed groups and about of the positive group and which was approach to the negative group. Also study the tissular changes occurred in the liver and spleen, in the liver it occurred of changes in the liver cell and increase in the number of the kupffer cell as a defensive in the processed group were less than what it appeared in the positive control, but the spleen, it appeared the dilation of the whit pulp and the appearance of the cell composing of the hemic platelets (megakaryocyte cells) in the mice processed in comparison with negative control. These changes were of less acuity in the group processed. Thus from the results of this study at appeared the possibility of using the mixture in vivo in successful and safe way by it a capability of initiating the immunity system to the inhibition of the protoscolices and prevent the development of the secondary hydatid cyst in vivo without causing the negative side effect.

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