scholarly journals On improving flame retardant and smoke suppression efficiency of epoxy resin doped with aluminum tri-hydroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 2633366X1989459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoqiang Chai ◽  
Guoqing Zhu ◽  
Shuai Gao ◽  
Jinju Zhou ◽  
Yunji Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Residual Carbon ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Suppression Efficiency ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
Flame Development

Aluminum tri-hydroxide (ATH) was selected as a retardant doped into epoxy resin (EP), and smoke suppression and flame retardancy of ATH/EP were investigated. The results showed that ATH-doped EP has superior performance resisting the flame development and smoke release to EP. Peak heat release rate of EP doped with 15-wt% ATH decreased by 28.49% in comparison with EP; total smoke release of it decreased by 17.65%; production rate of carbon monoxide decreased by 30.24%. The activation energy of it was much smaller than EP due to the decomposition of ATH, but it was 30–40 kJ mol−1 higher than EP in the second stage. Based on analysis of the residual carbon, it was confirmed that ATH can attract lots of heat to produce aluminum oxide (Al2O3) films and H2O at high temperature. H2O decreases the production of flammable gas to inhibit combustion, and Al2O3 films adhered to the residue carbon can insulate air to reduce combustion and smoke release.

Synergistic Effect of Hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene and Aluminium Tri-Hydroxide on Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resin

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meili Dong ◽  
Baolin Wu ◽  
Shidong Xu ◽  
Po Hu
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Flammable Gas ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Flame Development

Flame retardancy and smoke suppression of polymer materials are key problems to be considered for applications that have a potential fire hazard. This study selected hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP) and aluminium tri-hydroxide (ATH) powder as an integrated flame retardant treatment in epoxy resin (EP) which is usually used as the matrix of a composite. The characteristics of flame retardancy and smoke suppression were investigated. The results showed that when treated with HPCTP and ATH, the resin exhibits superior properties, resisting flame development and smoke release. Based on analysis of the surface structure of the burned materials by scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, it was confirmed that HPCTP and ATH can attract a lot of heat to slow down decomposition of the resin and produce a comprehensive protection system consisting of a non-flammable gas and solid phases during burning. Non-flammable gas can reduce the concentration of flammable gas to inhibit combustion. In addition, H2O vapour can also reduce the concentration of flammable gas to inhibit combustion. Meanwhile, solid phase films can insulate air to slow down combustion and smoke release.

Effects of sulfonated carbon on the catalytic carbonization and smoke suppression of sawdust board

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-362
Author(s):  
Yuanbo Wu ◽  
Liandong Tang ◽  
Liping Yuan ◽  
Yunchu Hu ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cone Calorimetry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Peak Heat Release Rate

In this study, sulfonated carbon was obtained by sulfonating pine carbon with fuming sulfuric acid. Characterized by elemental analyzer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry, it showed that –SO3H was successfully bonded onto the pine carbon’ skeleton in the sulfonation reaction. The effects of pine carbon and sulfonated carbon on the catalytic carbonization and smoke suppression of sawdust boards, and its flame-retardant mechanism were investigated by cone calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. And the results demonstrated that sawdust boards containing sulfonated carbon showed superior performance, determined by comparing the peak heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release rate, and total smoke product. Furthermore, with the addition of sulfonated carbon, a carbon layer was formed with a strong oxygen-containing hybrid structure and carbohydrate structure, the pyrolysis of sawdust boards was inhibited, and its char yield was increased.

Piperazine-modified ammonium polyphosphate as monocomponent flame-retardant hardener for epoxy resin: flame retardance, curing behavior and mechanical property

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (17) ◽  
pp. 3003-3012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Tan ◽  
Zhu-Bao Shao ◽  
Lei-Xiao Yu ◽  
Jia-Wei Long ◽  
Min Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Glass Transition ◽  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Glass Transition Temperature ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Suppression Efficiency

PAz-APP (as a monocomponent hardener) can bring excellent flame retardance and smoke suppression efficiency to the EP system without sacrificing the mechanical properties and glass transition temperature.

scholarly journals Fast computation and practical use of amplitudes at non-Fourier frequencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erhard Reschenhofer ◽  
Manveer K. Mangat
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
High Frequency Data ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Fast Computation ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Frequency Data ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Orthogonality Conditions ◽  
Memory Parameter

AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that the performance of various frequency-domain estimators of the memory parameter can be boosted by the inclusion of non-Fourier frequencies in addition to the regular Fourier frequencies. A fast two-stage algorithm for the efficient computation of the amplitudes at these additional frequencies is presented. In the first stage, the naïve sine and cosine transforms are computed with a modified version of the Fast Fourier Transform. In the second stage, these transforms are amended by taking the violation of the standard orthogonality conditions into account. A considerable number of auxiliary quantities, which are required in the second stage, do not depend on the data and therefore only need to be computed once. The superior performance (in terms of root-mean-square error) of the estimators based also on non-Fourier frequencies is demonstrated by extensive simulations. Finally, the empirical results obtained by applying these estimators to financial high-frequency data show that significant long-range dependence is present only in the absolute intraday returns but not in the signed intraday returns.

scholarly journals Preparation and characterization of polydopamine/melamine microencapsulated red phosphorus and its flame retardance in epoxy resin

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (33) ◽  
pp. 20391-20402
Author(s):  
Chen Cheng ◽  
Yanling Lu ◽  
Weining Ma ◽  
Shaojie Li ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Shell Structure ◽  
Composite Shell ◽  
Intumescent Flame Retardant ◽  
Smoke Suppression ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Red Phosphorus ◽  
Composite Shell Structure

Red phosphorus was coated by a polydopamine/melamine composite shell structure, which constituted an intumescent flame retardant with superior flame retardance and smoke suppression performance for epoxy resin.

Smoke suppression and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin modified by Al 2 O 3 and hyperbranched flame retardant

2021 ◽  
pp. 51654
Author(s):  
Huawei Qiao ◽  
Xiuhuang Lin ◽  
Wei Zhong ◽  
Jiashui Lan ◽  
Huagui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Smoke Suppression

scholarly journals The effect of additives metal on the D.C conductivity of epoxy resin

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-174
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Filler Concentration ◽  
Effect Of Additives

The present studies are focused on the modification of the properties of epoxy resin with different additives namely aluminum, copper by preparing of composites systems with percentage (20%, 40% and 50%) of the above additives. The experimental results show that the D.C of conductivity on wt% filler content at ( 293-413 ) K electrical conductivity of all above composites increased with temperature for composites with filler contact and find the excellent electrical conductivity of copper and lie between (2.6*10-10 - 2.1*10-10)?.cm . The activation energy of the electrical conductivity is determined and found to decrease with increasing the filler concentration.

Characterization of Ultra-Thin Epoxy-Resin Based Dielectric Substrate for Flexible Power Electronics Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000151-000156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhao ◽  
K. Jagannadham ◽  
Wuttichai Reainthippayasakul ◽  
Michael T. Lanagan ◽  
Douglas C. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Power Electronics ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Dielectric Material ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Power Module

Abstract Available substrate materials for power module applications has been investigated for a long time. Though Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) substrates, nowadays, have been widely applied in power electronics applications, especially power modules, due to its superior performance in mechanical ruggedness, thermal conductivity, and isolation capability. Its cost and complicated requirements during fabrication processes are always concerns in industries. At the same time, flexible electronics has become a rapidly expanding area with commercial applications including displays, medical, automotive, sensors arrays, wearable electronics, etc. This paper will initiate an investigation on a dielectric material that has potential in high power wearable electronics applications. A recently developed ultra-thin Epoxy-Resin Based Dielectric (ERBD) substrate material which is suitable for power electronic applications, is introduced. The ERBD can be fabricated with thickness as low as 80μm, with more than 5kV DC isolation capability. Its thermal conductivity is 8W/mK, higher than similar product currently available in the market. ERBD is also able to be bonded with Cu plates on both sides. In this paper, the properties of ERBD are investigated. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is applied to analyze the microstructure of ERBD, and its bonding interface with Cu plates. 3-omega and Transient Thermal Reflectance methods are employed to precisely measure the thermal conductivity. Dielectric constant and loss are measured at different frequency. Simulations are applied to correct the error from the fringing effect during the measurement. The leakage current of ERBD is also measured under different voltage and temperature with DC and AC condition. Reliability tests are conducted to examine the electrical isolation and shearing strength of ERBD. The suitability of ERBD for potential flexible power electronics application is discussed based on the results from investigation of properties of the dielectric.

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