Quantitative and qualitative immunohistochemical detection of myc and src oncogene proteins in normal, nodule, and neoplastic rat liver.

1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Richmond ◽  
M A Pereira ◽  
J H Carter ◽  
H W Carter ◽  
R E Long
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Staining Pattern ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Immunohistochemical Detection ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Qualitative Technique ◽  
Analysis System

This study examined the possibility of using an immunohistochemical technique to detect the expression of myc and src oncogene proteins (ops) in livers of male Sprague-Dawley rats after treatment with the carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (with or without phenobarbital promotion) or untreated. We found that the majority of nodules and tumors from these livers stained for myc and src ops, indicating that myc and src expression did occur in these structures. These results were expected, since myc and src expression has been previously observed by others using different techniques. However, in our study, myc and src op staining was also noted in normal liver areas from rats in any of the four treatment groups (DENA, DENA + PB, PB alone, or untreated). The staining pattern of normal liver was different for each oncogene probe but was consistent within the four groups. In most cases, oncogene expression of normal liver occurred at sites of abnormal (but non-neoplastic) hepatocytes. The method reported here used both a qualitative technique of op expression analysis and a quantitative method using a Zeiss computer-driven image analysis system.

scholarly journals IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF GLUTAMATERGIC NMDA AND mGlu1 RECEPTORS IN THE PONTINE INTERTRIGEMINAL REGION IN RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 064
Author(s):  
Milan Stoiljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Control ◽  
Signal Distribution ◽  
Similar Expression Profile ◽  
Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Analysis System

Local glutamate simulation of intertrigeminal region (ITR) in the lateral pons evoked immediate cardiovascular and respiratory effects proposing its role in central cardiorespiratory control. Since pharmacological studies provided only functional evidence for the existence of glutamate receptors in the ITR and thereby specifying putative neurochemical substrate involved in this control, here we employed immunohistochemistry to examine expression and distribution of NMDA and mGlu1 receptors in this structure. Thirty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfuse-fixed, their brains frozen and cut into sequential series of 20 µm thick sections through the ITR. Immunohistochemistry was performed using polyclonal antibodies against NMDA-NR1, NMDA-NR2A and mGlu1 receptors. Labeled neurons in the ITR were analyzed using light microscope and computerized image analysis system for quantification of relative immunoreactivity as the mean of integrated optical density (IOD), and counting the immunopositive cells. Light microscopic analyses demonstrated NMDA-NR1-immunoreactivity mainly localized in the neuronal cell bodies with sparse distribution on primary dendrites, while NMDA-NR2A-immunoreactivity was basically somatically distributed. The mGlu1-immunoreactivity was moderate and observed both in neuronal bodies and primary dendrites or extracellular matrix suggesting somatodendritic localization. Quantitative analyses of IOD showed very strong expression of NMDA-NR1, weak of NMDA-NR2A and strong-to-moderate expression of mGluR1, with differences in immunostaining signal distribution over rostro-caudal span of the ITR. Counting of immunopositive cells followed similar expression profile. Our data directly confirm the presence of glutamatergic NMDA and mGlu1 receptors in the ITR apparently involved in signaling pathways by which this region modulates cardiorespiratory functions such as blood pressure, heart rate and breathing.

scholarly journals Dexamethasone Suppressed LPS-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase and Its Effect on Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Cui ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Yun Long ◽  
Longxiang Su ◽  
Dawei Liu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Rat Thoracic Aorta

The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism of sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability and the beneficial effect of glucocorticoid in protecting vascular endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a bolus intraperitoneal injection of a nonlethal dose of LPS (Escherichia coli055:B5, 10 mg/kg, Sigma) or vehicle (pyrogen-free water). Animals of treatment groups were also given either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, 30 min prior to LPS injection) or the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor doxycycline (4 mg/kg, 30 min after LPS injection). Both activities and protein levels of MMP-2p<0.001and MMP-9p<0.001were significantly upregulated in aortic homogenates from LPS-treated rats, associated with decreased ZO-1p<0.001and syndecan-1p=0.011protein contents. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline could significantly inhibit MMPs activity and reserve the expressions of ZO-1 and syndecan-1. The inhibition of MMPs by dexamethasone was significantly lower than that by doxycycline, while the rescue of syndecan-1 expression from LPS-induced endotoxemic rat thoracic aorta was significantly higher in the dexamethasone-treated compared to the doxycycline-treatedp=0.03. In conclusion, activation of MMPs plays important role in regulating ZO-1 and syndecan-1 protein levels in LPS mediated endothelial perturbation. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline inhibit activation of MMPs that may contribute to the rescue of ZO-1 and syndecan-1 expression.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Concepcion C. Sison ◽  
Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban ◽  
Daisy Mae A. Bagaoisan ◽  
Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Respiratory Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Quassia Amara

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP). Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation. Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.

Effects of prior adrenalectomy on postpneumonectomy lung growth in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. E70-E74 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bennett ◽  
P. C. Colony ◽  
J. L. Addison ◽  
D. E. Rannels
Keyword(s):  
Dry Mass ◽  
Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽  
Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Compensatory Lung Growth ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy ◽  
The Right

The effects of adrenalectomy, with and without subsequent glucocorticoid replacement therapy, on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in the rat were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were subjected to no operation (UNOP), left pneumonectomy (PNX), or PNX preceded by bilateral adrenalectomy 5 days earlier (ADX/PNX). At 14 days post-PNX, when compensatory lung growth is normally complete in 200-g rats, right lung (RL) dry weights of PNX (263 +/- 6 mg, n = 26) and ADX/PNX (334 +/- 13 mg, n = 25) rats were increased 58 and 101%, respectively, relative to UNOP controls (166 +/- 5 mg, n = 10). Increases in total DNA, RNA, and protein in the right lungs of PNX and ADX/PNX rats occurred in proportion to RL dry mass. The increase in all parameters examined in PNX and ADX/PNX rats at 7 days post-PNX was half that at 14 days, indicating linear lung growth in both treatment groups. The stimulatory effect of ADX on lung growth was blocked by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), administered intraperitoneally in daily doses of 5 mg/kg, beginning on the day of PNX. The RL dry weights of HCA-treated ADX/PNX rats (241 +/- 7 mg, n = 10) did not differ significantly from the corresponding value in PNX rats (270 +/- 14 mg, n = 7). The lower RL weights in the HCA-treated rats resulted from an inhibition of cell division, as evidenced by the total RL DNA content, which was similar to that in PNX animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Aversion to Desflurane and Isoflurane in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Frost ◽  
Maaria Shah ◽  
Vivian S.Y. Leung ◽  
Daniel S.J. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Washout Period ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Initial Exposure ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Avoidance Paradigm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are widely used for killing rats, yet may not truly achieve “euthanasia”, because they elicit aversion. The inhalant anesthetic desflurane is faster acting than isoflurane, representing a potential refinement. Using an aversion-avoidance paradigm, 24 rats were exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 12 per group) at initial exposure. Fourteen rats were then re-exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 7 per group), after a 7 days washout period. Initial exposure: time to recumbency was faster for desflurane than isoflurane (p = 0.0008, 95% CI [-12.9 to 32.6 s]), with 9/12 and 6/12 rats becoming recumbent, respectively. At initial exposure, there was no difference between groups in time to withdrawal (p = 0.714). At re-exposure, all rats withdrew and no rats became recumbent. Time to withdrawal at re-exposure did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.083). Compared to initial exposure, time to withdrawal during re-exposure was similar for isoflurane (p = 0.228) and faster with desflurane (p = 0.012, 95% CI [19.1 to 49.5 s]). Isoflurane and desflurane are similarly aversive, with aversion increasing at re-exposure. The shorter time from exposure to recumbency with desflurane indicates that any distress is of a shorter duration when compared with isoflurane.

scholarly journals Chemopreventive Properties and Toxicity of Kelulut Honey inSprague DawleyRats Induced with Azoxymethane

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifah Saiful Yazan ◽  
Muhamad Firdaus Shyfiq Muhamad Zali ◽  
Razana Mohd Ali ◽  
Nurul Amira Zainal ◽  
Nurulaidah Esa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Aberrant Crypts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Colon cancer has been a major problem worldwide. Kelulut honey (KH) is produced by the stingless bees fromTrigonaspecies and has strong antioxidant activities that could be one of the potential chemopreventive agents from natural resources.Aim of This Study. This study investigated the chemopreventive properties and toxicity of KH in Sprague Dawley rats induced with azoxymethane (AOM).Material and Method. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5 weeks were divided into 4 groups: (G1) untreated group not induced with AOM, (G2) untreated group induced with AOM, (G3) treated group induced with AOM, and (G4) treated group not induced with AOM. Injection of AOM (15 mg/kg) was via intraperitoneal route once a week for two subsequent weeks. The treatment groups were given oral administration of KH (1183 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 8 weeks.Results. Treatment with KH significantly reduced the total number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (AC) and crypt multiplicity. KH was not toxic to the animals since the level of blood profile parameters, liver enzymes, and kidney functions was in normal range.Conclusions. The current finding shows that KH has chemopreventive properties in rats induced with colorectal cancer and also was found not toxic towards the animals.

scholarly journals Impact of Opioid and Nonopioid Drugs on Postsurgical Pain Management in the Rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie M. Wilson ◽  
Matthew S. Ripsch ◽  
Fletcher A. White
Keyword(s):  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Animal Activity ◽  
Aortic Artery ◽  
Vehicle Treatment

Aim. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids are commonly used to control surgical pain following veterinary and clinical procedures. This study evaluated the efficacy of postoperative ketorolac or buprenorphine following abdominal surgery. Main Methods. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, animal activity, corticosterone levels, and a nociceptive sensitivity assay were used to evaluate 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which underwent aortic artery occlusion for implantation of a radiotelemetry device. The animals were treated postoperatively with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, ketorolac (10 mg/kg), or buprenorphine (0.06 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 3 days. Key Findings. There were no consistent significant changes in any of the telemetry parameters after treatment with ketorolac compared with no saline treatment with the exception of increased MAP in the buprenorphine group during the first 48 hours when compared with other treatment groups. There was a sustained increase in fecal corticosterone levels from baseline on days 2–7 with buprenorphine compared with vehicle- or ketorolac-treated animals. All treatment conditions displayed reduced paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) from day 1 to day 21 following surgery. Compared with the vehicle treatment group, buprenorphine-treated animals exhibited significantly lower PWT levels from day 4 to 14 days. Significance. Given the prolonged increase in fecal corticosterone levels and pronounced changes in tactile hyperalgesia behavior in rodents subjected to buprenorphine treatment, these data suggest that ketorolac may be superior to buprenorphine for the treatment of postprocedure pain behavior in rodents.

scholarly journals Effects of probiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takio Inatomi ◽  
Mihoko Honma
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Intestinal Transit Time ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

AbstractThe role of probiotics in mitigating constipation, gut immunity, and gut microbiota has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague–Dawley rats. Altogether, 150 male Sprague–Dawley rats (age 8 weeks) were used in the experiments following a 12-day acclimatisation period and were randomly divided into three treatment groups (groups 1, 2, and 3). Spastic constipation was induced via oral LP administration (3 mg/kg) for 6 days, 1 h before administering each test compound in groups 1 and 2. A probiotic solution (4 mL/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 days in group 2. In group 1, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days, 1 h after each LP administration. In group 3, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days. In the probiotic group, faecal parameters improved; faecal n-butyric acid, acetic acid, and IgA concentrations were increased; intestinal transit time was shortened; and disturbance of intestinal microbiota was inhibited. Our findings suggest that this probiotic was useful in improving various symptoms caused by constipation.

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