Impact of Opioid and Nonopioid Drugs on Postsurgical Pain Management in the Rat

Aim. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or opioids are commonly used to control surgical pain following veterinary and clinical procedures. This study evaluated the efficacy of postoperative ketorolac or buprenorphine following abdominal surgery. Main Methods. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, animal activity, corticosterone levels, and a nociceptive sensitivity assay were used to evaluate 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats which underwent aortic artery occlusion for implantation of a radiotelemetry device. The animals were treated postoperatively with intraperitoneal injections of vehicle, ketorolac (10 mg/kg), or buprenorphine (0.06 mg/kg) every 8 hours for 3 days. Key Findings. There were no consistent significant changes in any of the telemetry parameters after treatment with ketorolac compared with no saline treatment with the exception of increased MAP in the buprenorphine group during the first 48 hours when compared with other treatment groups. There was a sustained increase in fecal corticosterone levels from baseline on days 2–7 with buprenorphine compared with vehicle- or ketorolac-treated animals. All treatment conditions displayed reduced paw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs) from day 1 to day 21 following surgery. Compared with the vehicle treatment group, buprenorphine-treated animals exhibited significantly lower PWT levels from day 4 to 14 days. Significance. Given the prolonged increase in fecal corticosterone levels and pronounced changes in tactile hyperalgesia behavior in rodents subjected to buprenorphine treatment, these data suggest that ketorolac may be superior to buprenorphine for the treatment of postprocedure pain behavior in rodents.

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Sarcolemmal permeability changes during early myocardial anoxia

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100084089 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 642-643

Author(s):

M. Ashraf ◽

L. Landa ◽

L. Nimmo ◽

C. M. Bloor

Keyword(s):

Cell Membrane ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Enzyme Release ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Sarcolemmal Permeability ◽

Membrane Changes

Following coronary artery occlusion, the myocardial cells lose intracellular enzymes that appear in the serum 3 hrs later. By this time the cells in the ischemic zone have already undergone irreversible changes, and the cell membrane permeability is variably altered in the ischemic cells. At certain stages or intervals the cell membrane changes, allowing release of cytoplasmic enzymes. To correlate the changes in cell membrane permeability with the enzyme release, we used colloidal lanthanum (La+++) as a histological permeability marker in the isolated perfused hearts. The hearts removed from sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit medium gassed with 95% O2 + 5% CO2. The hypoxic medium contained mannitol instead of dextrose and was bubbled with 95% N2 + 5% CO2. The final osmolarity of the medium was 295 M osmol, pH 7. 4.

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Dexamethasone Suppressed LPS-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase and Its Effect on Endothelial Glycocalyx Shedding

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2015/912726 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Na Cui ◽

Hao Wang ◽

Yun Long ◽

Longxiang Su ◽

Dawei Liu

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Vascular Endothelium ◽

Free Water ◽

Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

The Matrix ◽

Rat Thoracic Aorta

The aim of this study is to determine the mechanism of sepsis-induced vascular hyperpermeability and the beneficial effect of glucocorticoid in protecting vascular endothelium. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given either a bolus intraperitoneal injection of a nonlethal dose of LPS (Escherichia coli055:B5, 10 mg/kg, Sigma) or vehicle (pyrogen-free water). Animals of treatment groups were also given either dexamethasone (4 mg/kg, 30 min prior to LPS injection) or the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) inhibitor doxycycline (4 mg/kg, 30 min after LPS injection). Both activities and protein levels of MMP-2p<0.001and MMP-9p<0.001were significantly upregulated in aortic homogenates from LPS-treated rats, associated with decreased ZO-1p<0.001and syndecan-1p=0.011protein contents. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline could significantly inhibit MMPs activity and reserve the expressions of ZO-1 and syndecan-1. The inhibition of MMPs by dexamethasone was significantly lower than that by doxycycline, while the rescue of syndecan-1 expression from LPS-induced endotoxemic rat thoracic aorta was significantly higher in the dexamethasone-treated compared to the doxycycline-treatedp=0.03. In conclusion, activation of MMPs plays important role in regulating ZO-1 and syndecan-1 protein levels in LPS mediated endothelial perturbation. Both dexamethasone and doxycycline inhibit activation of MMPs that may contribute to the rescue of ZO-1 and syndecan-1 expression.

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Effects of Aqueous Quassia amara L. (Korales) Leaf Extract on the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Functions of Male Sprague-Dawley Rats

Acta Medica Philippina ◽

10.47895/amp.v52i6.280 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Concepcion C. Sison ◽

Lynn Crisanta R. Panganiban ◽

Daisy Mae A. Bagaoisan ◽

Nelia P. Cortes-Maramba

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Adult Male ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Respiratory Flow ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Parallel Group ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Quassia Amara

Objective. To To evaluate potential effects of the aqueous extract of Quassia amara L. leaves on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems of adult male Sprague- Dawley rats. Methods. The cardiovascular and respiratory effects of the Quassia amara L. leaf extract on adult male SpragueDawley rats were assessed using non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) determination and head-out plethysmography, respectively, in a randomized, parallel group study. Mean observations of blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at different time periods after dosing. Respiratory flow and irritation effects were evaluated using mean observations of respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), mid-expiratory flow rate (EF50), time of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE), and time of break (TB) and pause (TP). Results. There were no significant differences among the control and the treatment groups in SBP, DBP and HR parameters. The extract showed statistically significant effect on mean RR by time period (F=2.45, p=0.0234), trends over time of TV among the dose groups (F=2.00, p=0.0202), and EF50 among dose groups ((F=3.11, p=0.0422). However, these did not correlate with the changes in the time of break (TB) and time of pause (TP) which are more sensitive and specific tests for respiratory irritation. Conclusion. Aqueous leaf extract of Quassia appeared to have no significant effects on SBP, DPB, Pulse pressure, and HR. There are no conclusive dose-related respiratory flow or pulmonary irritation effects.

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Effects of prior adrenalectomy on postpneumonectomy lung growth in the rat

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.1.e70 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 248 (1) ◽

pp. E70-E74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. A. Bennett ◽

P. C. Colony ◽

J. L. Addison ◽

D. E. Rannels

Keyword(s):

Dry Mass ◽

Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽

Lung Growth ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Compensatory Lung Growth ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Total Dna ◽

Glucocorticoid Replacement Therapy ◽

The Right

The effects of adrenalectomy, with and without subsequent glucocorticoid replacement therapy, on postpneumonectomy compensatory lung growth in the rat were investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-230 g) were subjected to no operation (UNOP), left pneumonectomy (PNX), or PNX preceded by bilateral adrenalectomy 5 days earlier (ADX/PNX). At 14 days post-PNX, when compensatory lung growth is normally complete in 200-g rats, right lung (RL) dry weights of PNX (263 +/- 6 mg, n = 26) and ADX/PNX (334 +/- 13 mg, n = 25) rats were increased 58 and 101%, respectively, relative to UNOP controls (166 +/- 5 mg, n = 10). Increases in total DNA, RNA, and protein in the right lungs of PNX and ADX/PNX rats occurred in proportion to RL dry mass. The increase in all parameters examined in PNX and ADX/PNX rats at 7 days post-PNX was half that at 14 days, indicating linear lung growth in both treatment groups. The stimulatory effect of ADX on lung growth was blocked by hydrocortisone acetate (HCA), administered intraperitoneally in daily doses of 5 mg/kg, beginning on the day of PNX. The RL dry weights of HCA-treated ADX/PNX rats (241 +/- 7 mg, n = 10) did not differ significantly from the corresponding value in PNX rats (270 +/- 14 mg, n = 7). The lower RL weights in the HCA-treated rats resulted from an inhibition of cell division, as evidenced by the total RL DNA content, which was similar to that in PNX animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Aversion to Desflurane and Isoflurane in Sprague-Dawley Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10060950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 950 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katrina Frost ◽

Maaria Shah ◽

Vivian S.Y. Leung ◽

Daniel S.J. Pang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Washout Period ◽

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Initial Exposure ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Avoidance Paradigm ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Carbon dioxide and isoflurane are widely used for killing rats, yet may not truly achieve “euthanasia”, because they elicit aversion. The inhalant anesthetic desflurane is faster acting than isoflurane, representing a potential refinement. Using an aversion-avoidance paradigm, 24 rats were exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 12 per group) at initial exposure. Fourteen rats were then re-exposed to isoflurane or desflurane (n = 7 per group), after a 7 days washout period. Initial exposure: time to recumbency was faster for desflurane than isoflurane (p = 0.0008, 95% CI [-12.9 to 32.6 s]), with 9/12 and 6/12 rats becoming recumbent, respectively. At initial exposure, there was no difference between groups in time to withdrawal (p = 0.714). At re-exposure, all rats withdrew and no rats became recumbent. Time to withdrawal at re-exposure did not differ between treatment groups (p = 0.083). Compared to initial exposure, time to withdrawal during re-exposure was similar for isoflurane (p = 0.228) and faster with desflurane (p = 0.012, 95% CI [19.1 to 49.5 s]). Isoflurane and desflurane are similarly aversive, with aversion increasing at re-exposure. The shorter time from exposure to recumbency with desflurane indicates that any distress is of a shorter duration when compared with isoflurane.

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Spectacular Shrinking Deficit: Insights from Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Embolic Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Sprague—Dawley Rats

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600477 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1756-1763 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nils Henninger ◽

Kenneth M Sicard ◽

Marc Fisher

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Middle Cerebral Artery ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion

Almost no data is available on the serial changes in the brain after spectacular shrinking deficit (SSD) that may help understand this relatively rare clinical phenomenon. Quantitative diffusion-(DWI), perfusion-(PWI), T1-(T1WI), T2-weighted (T2WI), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) were performed before, during, and up to 7 days after embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion (eMCAO) in male Sprague—Dawley rats ( n = 9). Region of interest (ROI) analysis was used to evaluate structural and functional MR signal changes within three ROIs defined by the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), cerebral blood flow (CBF) signatures, and final tissue viability. DWI, PWI, and T2WI lesion volumes were calculated using previously established viability thresholds and final infarct volumes ascertained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Serial MRI demonstrated spontaneous reperfusion of initially hypoperfused MCA regions accompanied by substantial reduction of initial ADC and CBF lesions and gradual recovery of neurological outcome. Recovery rates of CBF/ADC abnormalities differed among ROIs. Functional magnetic resonance imaging showed persistent tissue dysfunction after the recovery of the CBF/ADC lesions. This study may facilitate our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms by which early, spontaneous reperfusion affects tissue fate and neurological function.

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No additional neuroprotection provided by barbiturate-induced burst suppression under mild hypothermic conditions in rats subjected to reversible focal ischemia

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.2000.93.5.0835 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 93 (5) ◽

pp. 835-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Thomas Westermaier ◽

Stefan Zausinger ◽

Alexander Baethmann ◽

Hans-Jakob Steiger ◽

Robert Schmid-Elsaesser

Keyword(s):

Mild Hypothermia ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Burst Suppression ◽

Moderate Hypothermia ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Doppler Flowmetry ◽

Content Type ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Cerebral Artery Occlusion ◽

Fine Print

Object. Mild-to-moderate hypothermia is increasingly used for neuroprotection in humans. However, it is unknown whether administration of barbiturate medications in burst-suppressive doses—the gold standard of neuroprotection during neurovascular procedures—provides an additional protective effect under hypothermic conditions. The authors conducted the present study to answer this question.Methods. Thirty-two Sprague—Dawley rats were subjected to 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 1) normothermic controls; 2) methohexital treatment (burst suppression); 3) induction of mild hypothermia (33°C); and 4) induction of mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment (burst suppression). Local cerebral blood flow was continuously monitored using bilateral laser Doppler flowmetry and electroencephalography. Functional deficits were quantified and recorded during daily neurological examinations. Infarct volumes were assessed histologically after 7 days. Methohexital treatment, mild hypothermia, and mild hypothermia plus methohexital treatment reduced infarct volumes by 32%, 71%, and 66%, respectively, compared with normothermic controls. Furthermore, mild hypothermia therapy provided the best functional outcome, which was not improved by additional barbiturate therapy.Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that barbiturate-induced burst suppression is not required to achieve maximum neuroprotection under mild hypothermic conditions. The magnitude of protection afforded by barbiturates alone appears to be modest compared with that provided by mild hypothermia.

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Chemopreventive Properties and Toxicity of Kelulut Honey inSprague DawleyRats Induced with Azoxymethane

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/4036926 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Latifah Saiful Yazan ◽

Muhamad Firdaus Shyfiq Muhamad Zali ◽

Razana Mohd Ali ◽

Nurul Amira Zainal ◽

Nurulaidah Esa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Treated Group ◽

Aberrant Crypt Foci ◽

Untreated Group ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Chemopreventive Agents ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Aberrant Crypts ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. Colon cancer has been a major problem worldwide. Kelulut honey (KH) is produced by the stingless bees fromTrigonaspecies and has strong antioxidant activities that could be one of the potential chemopreventive agents from natural resources.Aim of This Study. This study investigated the chemopreventive properties and toxicity of KH in Sprague Dawley rats induced with azoxymethane (AOM).Material and Method. Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats aged 5 weeks were divided into 4 groups: (G1) untreated group not induced with AOM, (G2) untreated group induced with AOM, (G3) treated group induced with AOM, and (G4) treated group not induced with AOM. Injection of AOM (15 mg/kg) was via intraperitoneal route once a week for two subsequent weeks. The treatment groups were given oral administration of KH (1183 mg/kg body weight) twice daily for 8 weeks.Results. Treatment with KH significantly reduced the total number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and aberrant crypts (AC) and crypt multiplicity. KH was not toxic to the animals since the level of blood profile parameters, liver enzymes, and kidney functions was in normal range.Conclusions. The current finding shows that KH has chemopreventive properties in rats induced with colorectal cancer and also was found not toxic towards the animals.

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Effects of probiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in rats

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-02931-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takio Inatomi ◽

Mihoko Honma

Keyword(s):

Phosphate Buffer ◽

Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Gut Immunity ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

AbstractThe role of probiotics in mitigating constipation, gut immunity, and gut microbiota has not been well studied. We aimed to evaluate the effects of probiotics on loperamide (LP)-induced constipation in Sprague–Dawley rats. Altogether, 150 male Sprague–Dawley rats (age 8 weeks) were used in the experiments following a 12-day acclimatisation period and were randomly divided into three treatment groups (groups 1, 2, and 3). Spastic constipation was induced via oral LP administration (3 mg/kg) for 6 days, 1 h before administering each test compound in groups 1 and 2. A probiotic solution (4 mL/kg body weight) was orally administered once a day for 6 days in group 2. In group 1, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days, 1 h after each LP administration. In group 3, a phosphate buffer solution was orally administered once a day for 6 days. In the probiotic group, faecal parameters improved; faecal n-butyric acid, acetic acid, and IgA concentrations were increased; intestinal transit time was shortened; and disturbance of intestinal microbiota was inhibited. Our findings suggest that this probiotic was useful in improving various symptoms caused by constipation.

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Chronic Inflammatory Pain Management by BDNF Modulation: A Comparative Study of Gabapentin, Indomethacin and Their Combination on Arthritis Rat Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-634551/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sameera Khurshid ◽

Zaid Abdul Razzak ◽

Shabana Usman Simjee

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Total Protein ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Low Dose ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Total Protein Concentration ◽

Bdnf Expression ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats ◽

Dose Combination

Abstract Brain derived neurotropic factors (BDNF) can be secreted either as a pro-BDNF or a mature form (mBDNF) through γ-amino-butyric acid (GABAA) receptors activation. Depolarization of GABA neurons in spinal cord can be mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor due to the exogenous secretion of over expressed BDNF. This over expressed BDNF further modulate the excitation and sensitization of nociceptors. We investigated the modulation of BDNF by GABAA agonist i.e., gabapentin, indomethacin (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) and their low-dose combination on adjuvant-induced inflammatory arthritis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra strain, as adjuvant, was injected in the tail base of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Gabapentin (5 mg/kg), indomethacin (5 mg/kg) and low dose combination of gabapentin (1.5 mg/kg) + indomethacin (2.5 mg/kg) were used. Paw edema was measure by plethysmometer and chronic pain was measured by plantar apparatus. Nitric oxide, peroxide and superoxide dismutase levels were also measured to analyze the free radical and antioxidant balance in different treatment groups along with the total protein concentration. Significant reduction of nitric oxide, peroxide as well as total protein concentration was found in low dose combination. Immunohistochemistry data also showed that the low dose combination has more potential in lowering the BDNF expression in cortex as well as in hippocampus region of brain as compared to their mono therapies. Our study suggested that low-dose combination of gabapentin and indomethacin has a significant impact on lowering the chronic and its associated markers as compare to their monotherapy. Thus indicated the additive effects of the combination therapy on neuropathic pain.

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