Intensity-based demand and capacity factor design: A visual format for safety checking

Quantitative safety checking is an essential part of performance-based design and retrofit of new and existing construction. The intensity-based demand and capacity factor design (DCFD) is a practical closed-form safety-checking format that lends itself quite well to visual interpretation. Adopting the critical demand to capacity ratio as a global damage measure directly, skipping the engineering demand parameter, helps in identifying the onset of the prescribed performance levels. For each intensity level, the contribution to the error in the DCFD format in logarithmic domain is visualized as the distance between the hazard curve and its tangent at median intensity at the onset of the performance level weighted by the probability density of the intensity-based capacity. The latter reaches its maximum value at the median intensity at the onset of the performance level, where the error in hazard is zero, and decays with a rate that depends on the logarithmic standard deviation of fragility. The proposed intensity-based DCFD provides accurate safety-checking estimates that are always on the safe side for concave mono-curvature hazard curves in the logarithmic scale.

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BIM architecture design from the perspective of smart city and its application in traditional residential design

Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems ◽

10.3233/jifs-189351 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Yan’an Lu ◽

Lei Shi

Keyword(s):

Safety Factor ◽

Smart City ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Building Design ◽

Resource Consumption ◽

Strength Level ◽

Architecture Design ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Residential Design ◽

Maximum Value

This research mainly discusses the characteristics of BIM architecture design and its application in traditional residential design from the perspective of smart cities. Given the topics that people are more concerned about, this research mainly uses BIM modeling technology to initially build a virtualized building model. It discusses the convenience of intelligent automation technology in terms of resource consumption and house security. In terms of safety, different levels of wind blowing strength are mainly used to measure the distance moved by the house to evaluate the safety factor. Divide the wind blowing intensity into A, B, C, D, E, F, and 6 levels to test the strength of the house. When the wind intensity level is F, the safety factor is the weakest, which is 20%. When conducting a house consumption test, directly measure the house’s electricity consumption within a specified time to conduct a resource rate consumption test. Divide the time period into 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 6 different time periods to measure power consumption. The resource consumption rate reaches a maximum value of 96% when the length of time is 6 h. The experimental results show that the safety characteristics of BIM technology are the weakest when the wind strength level is F, and the safety performance is different when the wind strength level is different. In terms of resource consumption, the resource consumption rate reaches the maximum value when the time is 6 h, and the length of time directly determines the housing resource consumption rate. From the perspective of a smart city, BIM building design has the advantages of low resource consumption and high safety factor.

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Stiffness-Displacement Correlation from the RC Shear Wall Tests of the SAFE Program: Derivation of a Capacity Line Model

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1155/2016/5750672 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco J. Molina ◽

Pierre Pegon ◽

Pierre Labbé

Keyword(s):

Normal Load ◽

Response Spectrum ◽

Oscillation Amplitude ◽

Shear Walls ◽

Logarithmic Scale ◽

Visual Interpretation ◽

Reinforcement Density ◽

Safety Margins ◽

Rc Shear Wall ◽

Seismic Tests

The response of 13 reinforced concrete shear walls submitted to successive seismic tests has been postprocessed to produce time histories of secant stiffness and displacement oscillation amplitude. For every wall an envelope curve of displacement amplitude versus stiffness is identified which is fairly modelled by a straight line in double logarithmic scale. This relatively simple model, when used as a capacity line in combination with the demand response spectrum, is able to predict in an approximate manner the maximum response to the applied earthquakes. Moreover, the graphic representation of the demand spectrum and a unique model capacity line for a group of equal walls with different assumed design frequencies on them gives a visual interpretation of the different safety margins observed in the experiments for the respective walls. The same method allows as well constructing vulnerability curves for any design frequency or spectrum. Finally, the comparison of the different identified line models for the different walls allows us to assess the qualitative effect on the behaviour of parameters such as the reinforcement density or the added normal load.

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Antioxidant capacity of capulin (Prunus serotina subsp. capuli (Cav). McVaugh) fruit at different stages of ripening

Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios ◽

10.19136/era.a6n16.1947 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (16) ◽

pp. 35

Author(s):

Diana Guerra-Ramìrez ◽

Guillermina Hernández Rodríguez ◽

Teodoro Espinosa- Solares ◽

Artemio Perez-Lopez ◽

Irma Salgado-Escobar

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Prunus Serotina ◽

Spectroscopic Methods ◽

Ripening Process ◽

Potential Source ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Total Anthocyanins ◽

Simple Factor ◽

Concentration Changes ◽

Factor Design

Abstract. – Prunus serotina is a specie that grows wild or under cultivated conditions in several regions of America, and which has attracted considerable attention as a potential source of antioxidants. The study aimed to evaluate the concentration changes in compounds that contribute to the antioxidant capacity in capulín (Prunus serotina) fruits during the ripening process in order to define the time when the maximum concentration is reached. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by spectroscopic methods. A completely randomized simple factor design was used for the statistical analysis. It was found that the content of total phenols and flavonoids decreased significantly at S3 (93 DAA) stage of ripening. Total anthocyanins increased significantly to 1.4 . The antioxidant capacity of the fruits had a maximum value of 63.7 at S3 stage of ripening (93 DAA). The results indicated that antioxidant capacity of the fruits is higher before reaching the characteristic purplish coloration, which is an indicator for consumption.

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PENGARUH CAHAYA LAMPU TERHADAP POLA AGREGASI IKAN DI BAGAN TANCAP PERAIRAN KEPULAUAN SERIBU

Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.15578/jppi.15.2.2009.141-149 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 141

Author(s):

Asep Priatna ◽

Mahiswara Mahiswara

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Light Illumination ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Catch Data ◽

Maximum Value ◽

Aggregation Pattern ◽

Fish Aggregation ◽

Graph Presentation ◽

Visual Description

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola agregasi ikan di bawah pengaruh cahaya lampu bagan tancap. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2005 di Kepulauan Seribu. Pengamatan pola agregasi ikan dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat akustik Simrad EY500. Data intensitas cahaya diambil dengan menggunakan light meter LI-250, serta verifikasi hasil tangkapan untuk memperkuat hasil analisis. Analisis meliputi interpretasi visual berbasis pada presentasi grafik yang merupakan dasar bagi penafsiran data dan penyusunan informasi. Pengaruh intensitas cahaya yang berbeda terhadap agregasi ikan mempunyai pola yang tidak sama, baik nilai intensitas cahaya optimumnya, besarnya agregasi, maupun posisi kedalaman untuk nilai agregasi terbesar. Proses pengumpulan ikan pada awal penyinaran dengan perlakuan jenis lampu petromak lebih cepat dibanding dengan hasil perlakuan lampu mercuri. Ikan akan beradaptasi terhadap variasi iluminasi cahaya sehingga selama proses pencahayaan terjadi migrasi. The research objective was to study fish aggregation pattern under light influence set in stationary bamboo lift net. This research was conducted on May 2005 in Seribu Islands waters. Simrad EY-500 echosounder was used to observe the fish aggregation. Light meter LI 250 was used to measure light intensity level and catch data for supporting the analysis result. Data analyzed by visual description based on graph presentation were used as data interpretation and information. The influence of different light intensity on fish aggregation had different pattern especially for optimum value of light intensity, maximumvalue of fish aggregation, and depth layer of the maximum value of fish aggregation. For fish aggregation under light of kerosene pressured lamps was quicker than mercury lamps in the early of illumination process. Fish will adapt to various light illumination, so that during illumination process the migration of fish is occured.

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Pengaruh Komunikasi Pimpinan dan Bawahan Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada Restoran Ayam Bawang Cak Per Cabang Malang

MOMENTUM : Jurnal Sosial dan Keagamaan ◽

10.29062/mmt.v9i2.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 289-306

Author(s):

Slamet Slamet ◽

Nor Ali Sukkron Imami

Keyword(s):

Significant Influence ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Total Population ◽

Employee Performance ◽

Performance Level ◽

Moderate Level ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Independent Variable

Abstract: This research aims to understand: 1) The communication intensity level at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch; 2) The employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch; and 3) To know the communication influence between branch managers to employees on employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch. This research used quantitative methods in the process and consist of two variables, dependent and independent. Communication is the independent variable and employee performance is the dependent variable. The research sample was taken 99% of the total population 51, but due to the time and situation, the sample taken was only 40 employees of each division. The result showed that: 1) The communication intensity level between branch managers and subordinates was at a moderate level with a percentage of 75% of 30 employees; 2) The employee performance level was at the medium category with a percentage of 65% of 24 employees; and 3) There is a significant influence between communication on employee performance at Ayam Bawang Cak Per Restaurant, Malang Branch.

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Surface recombination effects on minority carrier diffusion length measurements using electron beam-induced current

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010017685x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 744-745

Author(s):

D.P. Malta ◽

M.L. Timmons

Keyword(s):

Electron Beam ◽

Beam Energy ◽

Minority Carrier ◽

Diffusion Length ◽

Effective Diffusion ◽

Surface Recombination ◽

Surface Recombination Velocity ◽

Logarithmic Scale ◽

Minority Carrier Diffusion Length ◽

Carrier Diffusion

Measurement of the minority carrier diffusion length (L) can be performed by measurement of the rate of decay of excess minority carriers with the distance (x) of an electron beam excitation source from a p-n junction or Schottky barrier junction perpendicular to the surface in an SEM. In an ideal case, the decay is exponential according to the equation, I = Ioexp(−x/L), where I is the current measured at x and Io is the maximum current measured at x=0. L can be obtained from the slope of the straight line when plotted on a semi-logarithmic scale. In reality, carriers recombine not only in the bulk but at the surface as well. The result is a non-exponential decay or a sublinear semi-logarithmic plot. The effective diffusion length (Leff) measured is shorter than the actual value. Some improvement in accuracy can be obtained by increasing the beam-energy, thereby increasing the penetration depth and reducing the percentage of carriers reaching the surface. For materials known to have a high surface recombination velocity s (cm/sec) such as GaAs and its alloys, increasing the beam energy is insufficient. Furthermore, one may find an upper limit on beam energy as the diameter of the signal generation volume approaches the device dimensions.

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Modified Earpieces and CROS for High Frequency Hearing Losses

Journal of Speech and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jshr.1101.204 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 204-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Elizabeth Dodds ◽

Earl Harford

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

High Frequency ◽

Hearing Aid ◽

Sound Field ◽

Intensity Level ◽

Test Results ◽

High Frequency Hearing Loss ◽

Increased Sensitivity ◽

Difficult Cases

Persons with a high frequency hearing loss are difficult cases for whom to find suitable amplification. We have experienced some success with this problem in our Hearing Clinics using a specially designed earmold with a hearing aid. Thirty-five cases with high frequency hearing losses were selected from our clinical files for analysis of test results using standard, vented, and open earpieces. A statistical analysis of test results revealed that PB scores in sound field, using an average conversational intensity level (70 dB SPL), were enhanced when utilizing any one of the three earmolds. This result was due undoubtedly to increased sensitivity provided by the hearing aid. Only the open earmold used with a CROS hearing aid resulted in a significant improvement in discrimination when compared with the group’s unaided PB score under earphones or when comparing inter-earmold scores. These findings suggest that the inclusion of the open earmold with a CROS aid in the audiologist’s armamentarium should increase his flexibility in selecting hearing aids for persons with a high frequency hearing loss.

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