The rôle of kyanite in the ' hornfels zone' of the Carn Chuinneag granite (Ross-shire)

1935 ◽  
Vol 24 (149) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism

The metamorphism surrounding the granite of Carn Chuinneag in eastern Ross-shire provides the classical example of polymetamorphism in which a regional metamorphism is superimposed on a normal thermal metamorphism.Prior to the regional alteration a pelitic facies of the Moine sediments suffered metamorphism of a purely thermal type in the vicinity of the granite. At a subsequent date the whole region was involved in fold movements with the production of crystalline schists. In this deformation the belt of rocks surrounding the granite yielded in such a way that belts of the hornfels zone moved en masse and are preserved amidst rocks which are now typical crystalline schists, and all stages of transition between genuine hornfelses and typical micaschists can be traced in the field.

The Granitization Process and its Limitations as Exemplified in Certain Parts of New South Wales

1952 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germaine A. Joplin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Front ◽  
New South ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Compressional Wave ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Strong Compression

AbstractIn an attempt to dissect the granitization process in an area of regional metamorphism, it is suggested that granite is forcibly injected during strong compression, that the compressional wave passes upwards and outwards in advance of the magma, and that several changes take place before its arrival. Six stages in this process are recognized in the Cooma and Albury districts of N.S.W.: (1) Regional Metamorphism, (2) Superimposed Thermal Metamorphism, (3) Permeation without Magmatic Addition, (4) Addition from an Attenuated Magma, (5) Formation of a Potassic Wave-Front, and (6) Injection of the Magma as Concordant Intrusions. The conditions favouring granitization are discussed and the question of basic fronts is considered.

Use of pyrite microfabric as a key to tectono-thermal evolution of massive sulphide deposits – an example from Deri, southern Rajasthan, India

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anju Tiwary ◽  
Mihir Deb ◽  
Nigel J. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Massive Sulphide ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Sulphide Deposit ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Sulphide Ores ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Delhi Fold Belt

AbstractPyrite is an ubiquitous constituent of the Proterozoic massive sulphide deposit at Deri, in the South Delhi Fold Belt of southern Rajasthan. Preserved pyrite microfabrics in the Zn-Pb-Cu sulphide ores of Deri reveal a polyphase growth history of the iron sulphide and enable the tectono-thermal evolution of the deposit to be reconstructed.Primary sedimentary features in Deri pyrites are preserved as compositional banding. Regional metamorphism from mid-greenschist to low amphibolite facies is recorded by various microtextures of pyrite. Trails of fine grained pyrite inclusions within hornblende porphyroblasts define S1-schistosity. Pyrite boudins aligned parallel to S1 mark the brittle–ductile transformation of pyrite during the earliest deformation in the region. Isoclinal to tight folds (F1 and F2) in pyrite layers relate to a ductile deformation stage during progressive regional metamorphism. Peak metamorphic conditions around 550°C, an estimation supported by garnet–biotite thermometry, resulted in annealing of pyrite grains, while porphyroblastic growth of pyrite (up to 900 µm) took place along the retrogressive path. Brittle deformation of pyrite and growth of irregular pyritic mass around such fractured porphyroblasts characterize the waning phase of regional metamorphism. A subsequent phase of stress-free, thermal metamorphism is recorded in the decussate and rosette textures of arsenopyrite prisms replacing irregular pyritic mass. Annealing of such patchy pyrite provides information regarding the temperature conditions during this episode of thermal metamorphism which is consistent with the hornblendehornfels facies metamorphism interpreted from magnetite–ilmenite geothermometry (550°C) and sphalerite geobarometry (3.5 kbar). A mild cataclastic deformation during the penultimate phase produced microfaults in twinned arsenopyrite prisms.

XX.—The Metamorphism of the Deeside Limestone, Aberdeenshire

1933 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur G. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism

The limestone to be described occurs in two separate areas (fig. 1)—one in Lower Deeside around Banchory, another in Middle Deeside around Aboyne. The whole of the Banchory and a large part of the Aboyne outcrops provide limestone types in a high grade of regional metamorphism (the associated schists contain sillimanite). In the latter outcrop the limestone has undergone thermal metamorphism at the contacts with Newer Granite intrusions. Many of the resulting hornfelses have suffered hydrothermal alterations with development of prehnite and zeolites. Newer Granite pegmatites, intruded at the time of hornfelsing, share in this hornfelsing and later hydrothermal modifications. In addition, they exercise exopneumatolytic and exohydrothermal metamorphism. Quite local metamorphisms take place at hornblende-schist and Older Granite contacts.

The Genesis of Oligoclase in Certain Schists

1933 ◽  
Vol 70 (12) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bulk Composition ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Calcic Plagioclase ◽  
Irregular Distribution ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism

The mineralogical changes in green schists and related quartzofelspathic schists of sedimentary origin are discussed, and the following conclusions are reached as to the conditions of formation of oligoclase in these rocks:—(1) Oligoclase normally appears as a product of dynamothermal metamorphism at relatively high grades such as prevail in the zones of almandine and perhaps kyanite. It is accompanied either by deeply-coloured hornblende, hornblende and biotite, or biotite and muscovite, according to the chemical composition of the rocks in which it occurs.(2) Sodic oligoclase containing 10 per cent to 15 per cent of anorthite may occur with pale aluminous hornblende in green schists lying within the more strongly metamorphosed portion of the chlorite zone. The rocks in question are low in potash and have been formed by reconstitution, at a higher grade, of chlorite-epidotealbite-schists containing calcite. This oligoclase-hornblende association is not to be confused with the actinolite-epidote-albite-chlorite assemblage which is formed at any grade within the zone of chlorite, by direct reconstitution of basic igneous rocks without change in bulk composition and in the absence of CO2. A slight modification of Tilley’s subdivision of the green schist facies of Eskola is therefore introduced.(3) A zone of oligoclase representing a grade of metamorphism higher than that attained in the biotite zone, may be recognized for quartzo-felspathic schists of appropriate composition and for many green schists, in areas of progressive regional metamorphism. In the latter case, blue-green hornblende often accompanied by biotite is also present.(4) Oligoclase or more calcic plagioclase and deeply-coloured hornblende form readily during purely thermal metamorphism of only medium grade in the absence of stress. This accounts for the irregular distribution of both these minerals in districts where purely thermal and regional metamorphism have both occurred during the same period of orogeny.

Compositional variation in högbomites from north Connemara, Ireland

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (354) ◽  
pp. 649-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. S. Angus ◽  
R. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Compositional Variation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Mineral Assemblages

AbstractHögbomite occurs in two contrasting mineral assemblages within the Currywongaun-Dough-ruagh intrusion of north Connemara: a cordierite-rich pelitic xenolith and an orthopyroxenite. In the latter, högbomite and green spinel form blebs within magnetite-ilmenite grains. The högbomite displays significant compositional variation from grain to grain: TiO2 (3.0–6.3%), FeO (21.6–21.3%), MgO (10.0–7.5%), ZnO (3.6–2.4%). This chemical heterogeneity appears to represent variable degrees of partial substitution of Mg and Zn by Ti, in the replacement of spinel by högbomite. By contrast, in the cordierite-hornfels, the högbomite compositions are more notably enriched in iron: TiO2 (4.7–7.0%), FeO (29.6–24.3%), MgO (4.2–6.2%), ZnO (2.7–2.1%). This iron-rich högbomite appears to have formed primarily by interaction between opaque ore and adjacent cordierite, rather than by replacement of spinel.Two high-grade metamorphic episodes appear to be necessary for högbomite growth, one determining chemical composition and the other appropriate physical parameters. In the Connemara occurrences thermal metamorphism and partial melting, coupled with contamination of the surrounding magma, controlled the formation of mineral assemblages rich in Fe, Mg, Al, Ti, and Zn. Emplacement of the intrusion was accompanied by amphibolite facies regional metamorphism and it is to this metamorphic event that the growth of högbomite may be attributed.

Emplacement and thermal metamorphism associated with the post-orogenic Strath Ossian Pluton, Grampian Highlands, Scotland

1993 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Key ◽  
E. R. Phillips ◽  
B. C. Chacksfield
Keyword(s):  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Wall Rock ◽  
White Mica ◽  
Dyke Swarm ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
History Of

AbstractThe multiphase Strath Ossian Pluton was intruded into metasedimentary rocks of the Neoproterozoic Grampian and Appin groups (Grampian Highlands, Scotland) during Silurian or early Devonian times. Emplacementfollowed the main ductile tectono-thermal history of the area and took place during post-orogenic regional uplift and cooling. Early emplacement of dioritic magma in the northern part of the pluton resulted in migmatization of its immediate country rocks with the generation of new ductile structures. The main granodiorite was then emplaced with magma migrating towards the southeast where wall-rock stoping took place. Elsewhere the pluton created its own space with little stoping or veining. Thermal metamorphism caused by granodiorite emplacement resulted in the progressive development of the assemblage quartz+ plagioclase + biotite+ cordierite +andalusite ± K-feldspar in the metapelitic country rocks. Six prograde mineral assemblage zones are identified in the aureole. Final emplacement of a marginal porphyritic microgranite was accompanied by the release of alkaline fluids into the thermal aureole. This produced sillimanite (fibrolite) in association with hydrous phases such as chlorite and white mica. The development of andalusite and cordierite-bearing assemblages is estimated to have occurred at temperatures of 650±50 °C at an estimated pressure of 3.2±0.5 kbars. An approximately isobaric temperature change of 300±50 °C across the width of the main aureole is deduced. The migmatization close to the plutons margins took place at temperatures of about 700 °C. An estimated depth of emplacement of about 11 km is obtained for the Strath Ossian Pluton. This implies considerable regional uplift both prior to, andimmediately after its emplacement. Thus it has been estimated that at the peak of regional metamorphism, probably during the Ordovician Period, the country rocks were at a depth of 15 to 18.5 km, whereas the early Devonian dykes of the Etive dyke swarm, which cut the Strath Ossian Pluton, were emplaced at, or near surface.

Potassium–Argon Dating of Slates from the Meguma Group, Nova Scotia

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1059-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Reynolds ◽  
E. E. Kublick ◽  
G. K. Muecke
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Atlantic Canada ◽  
Plate Tectonic ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Argon Dating ◽  
Granitic Intrusion ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Granitic Intrusions ◽  
Orogenic Events

Recent reconstructions of the geologic evolution of Atlantic Canada based on plate-tectonic models have aroused new interest in the timing of orogenic events on both sides of the Atlantic. K–Ar apparent ages ranging from 332–403 m.y. are reported for 15 whole-rock slate and hornfels samples from the Halifax Formation of the Meguma Group. Four biotite concentrates from spatially associated granitic intrusions yield K–Ar ages of 364–369 m.y. A minimum age of about 390 m.y. for the regional metamorphic event is deduced from the whole-rock slate data. Granitic intrusion at approximately 367 m.y. profoundly affected the argon clock in many Halifax slates and resulted in its partial resetting even in slates which do not display mineralogic or textural effects of superimposed thermal metamorphism. The 390 m.y. minimum age for regional metamorphism supports suggestions by other workers that the currently widely-accepted 395 m.y. date for the Devonian–Silurian boundary may need revision.

scholarly journals Mineralogical and geochemical evidenceof contact transformation of Dzhusа base metal massive sulfide deposit (South Urals)

2017 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
E. I. Yartsev ◽  
I. V. Vikentyev ◽  
V. Yu. Prokofiev
Keyword(s):  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Massive Sulfide ◽  
Homogenization Temperature ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
South Urals ◽  
Contact Transformation ◽  
Massive Sulfide Deposit ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Ore Minerals

Dzhusа volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit is characterized by a high concentration of dykes of basic and intermediate rocks. Thermal metamorphism of ore and recrystallization of ore minerals were caused by formation of post-ore dykes. It was shown that homogenization temperature regular increased from 156 °С at a distance of the dyke to 287-305 °С in its contact zone. Highly saline (6,4-15,7 wt.% eq. NaCl) water fluids saturated with CO2 suggest high pres- sure conditions (up to 1500 bars) and can result from contact and regional metamorphism.

A High-Pressure Thermal Aureole of the Bayan-Kol Gabbro–Monzodiorite Intrusion (Western Sangilen, Southeastern Tuva): Evidence for Lower-Crust Mafic Magma Chambers

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 987-1005
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Selyatitskii ◽  
O.P. Polyansky ◽  
R.A. Shelepaev
Keyword(s):  
Shear Zone ◽  
Lower Crust ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Contact Aureole ◽  
Moderate Pressure ◽  
Early Paleozoic ◽  
High Gradient ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism

Abstract —Thermal metamorphism produced an aureole near the early Paleozoic Bayan-Kol gabbro–monzodiorite intrusion in the Erzin shear zone of western Sangilen (Tuva–Mongolia microcontinent, Central Asian Orogenic Belt). Field observation of intrusive contact, structure–textural and mineral transformations of metamorphic rocks, regular changes in the chemical composition of minerals with approaching the intrusive contact, and high temperature gradient from intrusive to wallrocks verified the occurrence of a contact aureole near the Bayan-Kol intrusion. The high-gradient thermal metamorphism (M2) affected garnet–staurolite–kyanite schists that formed during earlier regional metamorphism (M1) at 6.2–7.9 kbar and 600–670 ºC. The 0.5 km wide M2 metamorphic aureole mapped along the northwestern intrusion margin consists of a muscovite–sillimanite zone adjacent to the sedimentary country rocks and a cordierite–K-feldspar zone on the side of the intrusion. The M2 metamorphic reactions occurred within the granulite facies temperature range 880–910 ºC along the contact with monzodiorites and at ~950 ºC along the boundary with gabbronorites; the temperature on the aureole periphery was about 640 ºC. Pressure estimates indicate deep-seated high-grade metamorphism at 6.9–7.8 kbar, while the intrusion itself crystallized at 7.7–7.8 kbar. The suggested numerical model implying the formation of a thermal aureole at a depth of 26 km (7 kbar) in the lower crust is consistent with the temperature pattern determined by geothermobarometry for several key points of the metamorphic zoning and confirms its deep-level origin. Thus, the aureole near the Bayan-Kol intrusion represents a rare case of contact metamorphism in the lower continental crust. The obtained results, along with published petrological and geochronological evidence, reveal two depth levels of the early Paleozoic M2 metamorphism in the Sangilen area: upper (7–15 km, 2–4 kbar) and lower (26–30 km, 7–8 kbar) crust. The Bayan-Kol gabbro–monzodiorite intrusion is likely a small apophysis or a fragment of a deep-crust intermediate magma chamber, while the moderate-pressure (7–8 kbar) M2 granulites in the Erzin shear zone are products of high-gradient metamorphism related to the Cambrian–Ordovician collisional mafic magmatism in the Sangilen area.

Further Data on the Petrology of the Pelitic Hornfelses of the Carn Chuinneag–Inchbae Region, Ross-shire, with Special Reference to the Status of Almandine

1954 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. I. Harker
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Regional Metamorphism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Chemical Data ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Thermal Metamorphism ◽  
Massive Structure ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
The Status

AbstractThe pelitic hornfelses surrounding the Carn Chuinneag–Inchbae complex have, with the other rocks in the area, been subjected to the regional metamorphism which affected the Moine Series as a whole. The minerals of the original hornfelses have reacted to form assemblages which are typical of regional rather than purely thermal metamorphism although the massive structure of the hornfelses is well preserved.By studying the changes which took place in the hornfelses during the regional metamorphism it has been possible to deduce the most likely mineral assemblages indigenous to the original hornfelses.The results of the chemical analyses of some of the pelitic hornfelses are presented and chemical data on some of the garnets are given. It is considered unlikely that all the garnets in the hornfelses, which are essentially almandines, formed as a result of the earlier contact metamorphism: some at least probably occur as a result of the later regional metamorphism.

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