Kringle IV Encoding Domains in the Apo(a) Gene and Serum Lipoprotein(a) Level Do Not Contribute to Avascular Necrosis of Bone (AVN) in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Abstract Introdution Symptomatic AVN occurs as a serious complication of treatment in 4%–12.5% of pediatric cases with ALL. The final common pathway for the development of AVN involves a compromise in the blood flow, leading to infarction. The pathogenesis is multifactorial, including elevated intracortical pressure, vascular occlusion, altered lipid metabolism/fat emboli, hemostatic abnormalities and inhibition of angiogenesis. The difference in incidence of AVN in patients treated according to one and the same protocol suggests a genetic variation as a contribution to the biology of AVN. In one report, familial occurence of bone marrow edema syndrome (early phase of AVN) was associated with elevated levels of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]. Lp(a) is a complex of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a high molecular weight glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a)[apo(a)]. The Lp(a) level is inversely correlated with the kringle IV repeat number in apo(a), that is present as a naturally variation in the population. Methods We investigated the Lp(a) levels and the genetic variation in the Apo(a) gene in pediatric patients with and without AVN. DNA from mononuclear cells was isolated from 10 ALL patients with AVN (group I) and 12 patients without AVN (group II), all matched for age, gender and protocol. AVN is defined as pain of the extremities, not related to treatment with vincristine, confirmed by finding typical abnormalities on MRI. The control group consisted of 13 healthy Caucasian subjects (group III). To detect the number of kringle IV repeats pulsed field gel elctrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blot of genomic DNA was performed. Serum Lp(a) levels were determined by immuno-nefelometric detection method. Results The median number of kringle IV repeats (mean of both alleles) did not significantly differ between the three groups: 25 (range 16–37, group I), 24 (range 13–32, group II), 21 (range 10–36, group III). The median Lp(a) levels in ALL patients with AVN versus ALL patients without AVN were respectively 0.085 g/L (range <0.02–0.848) and 0.067 g/L (range <0.02–0.362). Again the difference was not significant. Conclusion Our results suggest that Lp(a) and genetic polymorphism of apo(a) do not play a mayor role in the pathogenesis of AVN in pediatric ALL.

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Effects of Electroacupuncture on Intraoperative and Postoperative Analgesic Requirement

Acupuncture in Medicine ◽

10.1136/aim.20.2-3.56 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 20 (2-3) ◽

pp. 56-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Chin-Keng Sim ◽

Pei-Chang Xu ◽

Hwee-Leng Pua ◽

Guojing Zhang ◽

Tat-Leang Lee

Keyword(s):

Early Postoperative Period ◽

Morphine Consumption ◽

Control Group ◽

Analgesic Requirement ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

The Difference ◽

Sparing Effect ◽

Postoperative Morphine

Acupuncture has been shown to be effective in experimental and clinical acute pain settings. This study aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative electroacupuncture (EA) on intraoperative and postoperative analgesic (alfentanil and morphine) requirement in patients scheduled for gynaecologic lower abdominal surgery. Ninety patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group I (control group) –received placebo EA for 45 minutes before induction of general anaesthesia (GA); Group II –preoperative EA instituted 45 minutes before induction of GA; Group III – 45 minutes of postoperative EA. The Bispectral Index monitor was used intraoperatively to monitor the hypnotic effect of anaesthetic drugs, and alfentanil was titrated to maintain the blood pressure and pulse rate within ±15% of basal values. Postoperative pain was managed by intravenous morphine via a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device. Patients in Group II (0.44 ± 0.15μg/kg/min) received less alfentanil than those in Group III (0.58 ± 0.22μg/kg/min) (p=0.024), but not significantly less than those in Group I (0.51 ± 0.21μg/kg/min) (p=0.472). Postoperative morphine consumption was numerically lower in Group II compared with the other groups; however, the difference was statistically significant only during the period of 6–12 hours between Group II [0.03 (0.05) mg/kg] and Group I [0.10 (0.11) mg/kg] (p=0.015), and Group II and Group III [0.08 (0.10) mg/kg] (p=0.010). The 24-hour cumulative morphine consumption for Group II (0.52 ± 0.19mg/kg) was less than that for either Group I (0.68 ± 0.38mg/kg) or Group III (0.58 ± 0.27mg/kg), but the difference did not reach significance. In conclusion, preoperative EA leads to a reduced intraoperative alfentanil consumption, though this effect may not be specific, and has a morphine sparing effect during the early postoperative period.

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An In Vitro Comparison of the Apical Seal Produced by Three Different Thermoplasticized Guttapercha Obturation Techniques in Oval Canals

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1672012 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 03 (01) ◽

pp. 039-046

Author(s):

Geetanjali Bansal ◽

Ajay Bansal ◽

Bhupinder Padda

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Sealing Ability ◽

India Ink ◽

Nail Polish ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

The Difference

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sealing ability to obturate oval canals with three thermoplasticizedguttaperchaobturation techniques taking lateral condensation technique as the control. Ninety-five freshly extracted teeth were decoronated at 2mm coronal to CEJ. Biomechanical preparation was done using step back technique. The teeth were divided into three experimental groups of 30 teeth each and one control group of 5 teeth. The group I (control group) was obturated with lateral condensation technique, group II obturated with injectable thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique, group III obturated with thermoplasticizedguttapercha with downpack and backfill technique andgroup IV obturated with core carrier thermoplasticizedguttapercha technique. The sealability of each technique was assessed by a dye penetration method. The roots were given two full layers of nail polish varnish except apical 2mm. Specimens were then immersed in India ink for 48 hours. Robertson’s technique was used to clear the specimens. The linear dye penetration was measured from anatomic apex to the deepest extent of dye penetration in a coronal direction using triocular stereomicroscope at 10 × magnification. The mean dye leakage of group I was 2.6700mm;group II 0.1713mm;group III 3.3977mm; group IV 2.3210mm. When the means of all the four groups were compared using Kruskal Wallis test the difference was found to be very highly significant with the value<.001**, meaning there by that group II is significantly better than the other three groups as far as sealing ability is concerned.

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Estrogen and Progesterone Synthesis with Cellular Response in a C57BL/6 Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae ◽

10.22456/1679-9216.82555 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Mehmet Önder Karayiğit ◽

Murat Yarım

Keyword(s):

Cellular Response ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Progesterone Synthesis ◽

Group Ii ◽

The Difference ◽

The Brain ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Demyelination refers to the degradation or loss of myelin sheath. In demyelination model studies, it has been reported that demyelination is regressed by giving steroid hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. However, there are not many studies investigating the synthesis of these two hormones by the brain during demyelination and remyelination. Neurosteroids are steroid hormones synthesized by the brain independently from peripheral tissues. In this study, it was aimed to have knowledge about the synthesis of these two hormones by the brain in experimentally formed demyelination process in brains of C57BL/6 mice and their role in the cellular response formed in the region.Materials, Methods & Results: In the study, 36 C57BL/6 mice were used: 12 mice were fed normal diet for 12 weeks as control group (Group I); 12 of them were fed 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks (Group II) and 12 mice were fed normal diet for 4 weeks after feeding cuprizone diet for 8 weeks (Group III). At the end of the experiment, mice were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde and brain tissues were blocked in paraffin. 6 μm-thick section was taken from each block. Sections were stained histologically with LFB staining and immunohistochemically with MBP staining in order to determine the demyelination in sections. All sections were also immunohistochemically stained with GFAP to detect astrocytes, with NG2 to detect young OPCs, with aromatase for estrogen synthesis and with 3βHSD antibodies for progesterone synthesis. At the end of the study, complete myelination was observed in group I, while severe demyelination was determined in group II as a result of blind evaluation of LFB and MBP staining by two pathologists. In group III, demyelination was found to be mild. In immunostaining with GFAP and NG2 antibodies, the number of GFAP and NG2 positive cells in Group II was found to be increased compared to the control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). In group III, the number of GFAP and NG2 positive cells were found to be increased compared to the control group; however, it was found to be lower than that in experimental group II (P < 0.01). In immunohistochemical staining with aromatase and 3βHSD antibody, there was no staining observed in the control groups. While an intense staining was observed in experimental group II, fewer glial staining was noticed in experimental group III when compared to the experimental group II. The difference between these two groups was found to be statistically significant (P ˂ 0.01).Discussion: Aromatase is an enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen. On the other hand, 3βHSD is an enzyme that converts pregnenolone to progesterone. Expression of aromatase from tissues refers to the synthesis of estrogen and expression of 3βHSD refers to progesterone synthesis. In previous demyelination studies carried out with cuprizone, it has been reported that demyelination is regressed by giving estrogen and progesterone during demyelination. In the presented study, we observed that enzyme levels that catalyze the synthesis of estrogen and progesterone increased during demyelination. In the study, it was determined that estrogen and progesterone levels were increased in the region by enzymes released from the glial cells of the brain as a response to damage formed during demyelination. Interestingly, during the period in which cuprizone was excluded from the diet, it was observed that remyelination began to be formed again and that enzyme levels synthesizing these hormones started to decrease. These results suggested that estrogen and progesterone may be synthesized in the brain after a damage and may contribute to remyelination by initiating a number of cell to cell signaling steps.

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Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

HEALTH OF WOMAN ◽

10.15574/hw.2016.113.108 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 108-111

Author(s):

T.F. Tatarchuk ◽

◽

D.G. German ◽

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Age ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Control Group ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Endometrial Polyps ◽

Group Iii ◽

Aggressive Form ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

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Seasonal variations in wool growth and heat tolerance of sheep. I. Wool growth

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9600075 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M Wodzicka

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Day Treatment ◽

The Other ◽

Seasonal Rhythm ◽

Group Iii ◽

Wool Growth ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii ◽

The Difference

The monthly wool growth of three groups of rams was studied at Beltsville, Maryland. Group I received natural daylight (at 38° 53' N.) and was shorn monthly. Group II had a 7:17 hours of daylight to hours of darkness rhythm and was shorn every 6 months, once in winter and once in summer. Group III received natural daylight and was likewise shorn every 6 months. The rams of all groups produced more wool in summer than in winter. This difference was significant (P<0.001). The mean body weight and food intake were both greater in the winter months, which indicated that the seasonal rhythm of wool growth was not a consequence of poorer feeding in winter. The rams which were shorn monthly (group I) grew considerably more wool than the other two groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. The short-day treatment of group II did not increase the annual wool production nor decrease the seasonal rhythm of wool growth. The balance of evidence from this and other experiments indicates that temperature rather than light controls the seasonal rhythm of wool growth.

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Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2015-0371 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (4) ◽

pp. 359-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fatma H. Rizk ◽

Samah A. Elshweikh ◽

Amira Y. Abd El-Naby

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Enzymes ◽

Resistance Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽

Liver Functions ◽

Group Ii

Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.

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Effect of Fiber Rich Product on Childhood Obesity and Lipid Profile Aged 10-12 Years

Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Biosciences ◽

10.18782/2582-2845.7030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 87-90

Author(s):

A. Jyoth ◽

Keyword(s):

Exercise Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Diet Survey ◽

Group Ii ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Positive Results ◽

Green Peas

The effect of fiber rich product on child hood obesity studied with 60 sample which were collected randomly among 10-12 years and categorized into 2 groups i.e, experimental group and control group. Experimental group further categorized into three groups i.e, supplementation with exercise (n=15), only supplementation group (n=15), only exercise group (n=15) and control group consists of (n=15).Anthropometric, and diet survey conducted as parameters. A fiber rich product was prepared and supplemented for 2 months to the selected subjects and it consists of whole Bengal gram, whole green gram, green peas, barley and jaggery. Positive results were obtained in three experimental groups. Significant decrease observed inweight, and BMI, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL significant increase observed in HDL in group I II and III. The results were (51.60-48.26kg, 24.7-23.1, 195.2-152.3 mg/dl, 168.2-145.0 mg/dl, 52.2-54.13 mg/dl, 109.4- 69.4mg/dl, 33.6-28.7mg/dl) in group I, In group II the results are (50.3-49.86kg, 23.7-23.4, 168.6-161.0mg/dl, 145.4-129.6mg/dl, 44.2-45.2 mg/dl, 95.3-90.0mg/dl, 29.1-28.3mg/dl).In group III the tesults aere (50.7-49.6kg, 24.5-23.9, 143.2-139.3mg/dl, 139-134.5mg/dl, 38.2-38.7mg/dl 76.8-74.1 mg/dl, 25.6-28.1mg/dl) .From the results it was clear that when compared to group II and III group I has shown better results.

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Immunization of Guineapigs against Ascaris suum

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00021258 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 34 (3-4) ◽

pp. 347-348 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. F. Taffs

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Group Iii ◽

Successful Attempt ◽

Group I ◽

Third Stage ◽

Previous Infection ◽

Group Ii ◽

Intravenous Inoculation ◽

Subcutaneous Inoculation ◽

Control Group Group

It has been shown that guineapigs can be effectively protected against re-infection by the subcutaneous inoculation of embryonated Ascaris eggs (Soulsby, 1957). The purpose of this communication is to report a successful attempt to immunize guineapigs against a lethal oral challenge dose of eggs by the intravenous inoculation of third stage larvae of A. suum.Three groups, each containing nine guineapigs, were infected with Ascaris as follows: Group I was given 10,000 eggs by mouth. Group II Was inoculated intravenously with 2,000 third stage Ascaris larvae which had been obtained from the lungs of other guineapigs on the sixth day of infection. Both groups were challenged at the same time with 250,000 eggs by mouth, along with a control group (Group III) which had no previous infection. The guineapigs in Group I were re-infected after 18 days and those in Group II after 12 days.

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Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Carica Papaya seeds in Drug-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity

10.53350/pjmhs2115112951 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. 2951-2953

Author(s):

Sameer Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Tahir ◽

Attiya Munir ◽

Amtul Hafeez ◽

Sher Afghan Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Serum Urea ◽

Once Daily ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Papaya Seeds ◽

Group Ii

Background: Nephrotoxicity is characterized by raised serum urea and creatinine levels and kidneys being one of the primary organs of drug concentration and excretion are vulnerable to many widely used marketed drugs, including anti-cancer drugs, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and radio contrast agents, are nephrotoxic. Aim: To determine the nephroprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds in Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity. Study design: Quasi Experimental study. Methodology: Thirty Sprague Dawley rats were sub divided into 3 groups i.e., I, II and III with 10 rats in each group. Group II and III were administered Aminoglycoside drug; Gentamycin in 80 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal route once daily for 5 consecutive days to induce acute nephrotoxicity. At day 6, nephrotoxicity was confirmed by measuring serum urea and creatinine. Ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds (1000 mg/kg) was started once daily through oral route in group III for 5 consecutive days to see the nephroprotective effects of seed extract after causing acute kidney injury. All animals were given standard diet pellets manufactured at NIH. Results: Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group I (Control Group) at day 0 were 24.90 mg/dL ± 1.633 and .750 mg/dL ± .0619 respectively. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group II (Disease Control Group) was 81.00 mg/dL ± 1.247 and 1.980mg/dL ± .0467 at day 6th. This suggested induction of nephrotoxicity by Gentamycin. Mean serum urea and creatinine for Group III (Ethanolic Extract Treated Group) at 11 day was 72.40mg/dL± .991 and 1.680 mg/dL± .0467 after 5 days treatment with ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds. Conclusion: We concluded that ethanolic extract of Carica papaya seeds has significant nephroprotective effects on Aminoglycoside induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. Keywords: COVID-19, Vaccination, Awareness and Adverse Effects

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Adaptive dose response pilot study of intravaginal Prostaglandin E2 application in free farrowing sows during parturition

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22844/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ramona Bill ◽

Heiko Nathues ◽

Alexander Grahofer

Keyword(s):

Prostaglandin E2 ◽

Total Duration ◽

Group Iv ◽

Control Group ◽

Birth Process ◽

Group Iii ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Group I ◽

Group Ii ◽

Meconium Staining

Abstract Background The duration of birth is an important factor influencing the survival of piglets and the health of sows. A prolonged parturition is usually treated with oxytocin, even though several undesirable side effects are described. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) of different concentrations as an intravaginal applied gel in sows. MethodsTwelve sows were randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups: Group I (control group) application of placebo gel; Group II application of 2.0 mg PGE2; Group III application of 1.0 mg PGE2; Group IV application of 0.5 mg PGE2. The gel was administered intravaginal after the birth of the fourth piglet. Total duration of birth (time between first piglet and last placenta), piglet interval and placenta expulsion duration (time between first and last placenta) were recorded, and each piglet was scored for meconium staining and vitality. Furthermore, stillborn piglets were categorized into ante-partum and intra-partum deaths. Results Although no significant differences between the groups were detected, a beneficial tendency in several parameters was observed in group III. The duration of birth was 284 min (average of 14.3 piglets per litter), whereas in all other groups it was more than 400 min (average of 18.0 piglets per litter). The piglet interval was 10.1 min in group II compared to 10.2 min in group III, 16 min in group IV and 21.4 min in group I. In group III the placenta expulsion duration was 119 min in contrast to the other groups with more than 266 min. Severe meconium staining in more than 10% of piglets was observed in group II and IV. Moreover, piglets of group II showed oedematous and haemorrhagic umbilical cords, lethargy and anoxia, and intra-partum deaths were recorded. Conclusion Although the sample size is limited in this study, it is assumed that an application of 1mg PGE2 intra-partum instead of lower or higher dosages has the most beneficial effects on the birth process in sows and on the vitality of piglets. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the positive effect of PGE2 in daily practise.

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